Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-8056.1000122
Prasanna Meenakshi Suguru
Chemical remediation of heavy metal infested soils is gaining importance owing to the multifaceted approach in creating ideal physical, chemical and biological conditions in the rhizosphere ensuing higher productivity. Three representative soils belonging to Alfisols, Vertisols and Ultisols spiked with 100 ppm of each Pb, Ni and Cd was treated with ameliorants like agricultural lime, potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (KH2PO4) and compost. Sequential extraction procedure was adopted to determine the phyto-available fraction constituting water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound metal with the perspective of remediation. Potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate was the most effective chemical in attenuating Pb as indicated by the lowest phyto-available fraction in soils followed by agricultural lime and compost. For Cd, agricultural lime was superior to other amendments in all the soils. However, among the different ameliorants compost was most efficient in immobilizing Ni in all the soils.
{"title":"Simulated In-Situ Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Selected Soils of Karnataka","authors":"Prasanna Meenakshi Suguru","doi":"10.4172/2165-8056.1000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-8056.1000122","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical remediation of heavy metal infested soils is gaining importance owing to the multifaceted approach in creating ideal physical, chemical and biological conditions in the rhizosphere ensuing higher productivity. Three representative soils belonging to Alfisols, Vertisols and Ultisols spiked with 100 ppm of each Pb, Ni and Cd was treated with ameliorants like agricultural lime, potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (KH2PO4) and compost. Sequential extraction procedure was adopted to determine the phyto-available fraction constituting water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound metal with the perspective of remediation. Potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate was the most effective chemical in attenuating Pb as indicated by the lowest phyto-available fraction in soils followed by agricultural lime and compost. For Cd, agricultural lime was superior to other amendments in all the soils. However, among the different ameliorants compost was most efficient in immobilizing Ni in all the soils.","PeriodicalId":8875,"journal":{"name":"BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87796516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-17DOI: 10.4172/2165-8056.1000121
Prasanna Meenakshi Suguru
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mg on ternary (Na-Ca-Mg) exchange and intern structural stability in prominent Vertisols of TBP (Tungabhadra Project) and UKP (Upper Krishna Project) irrigation commands of Karnataka State, India. Surface soil samples representing typical Vertisols derived from granite-gneiss (Gangavati and Kavadimatti), limestone (Devapur and Islampur) and basalt (Kadliwad and Mannapur) were included in the study. These soils were subjected to equilibration with waters of varying sodium adsorption ratio (SAR-5,20,40,60,80 and 100 millimoles per liter1/2) with different Ca/Mg ratio (4:1,2:1,1:1,1:2and 1:4).Exchangeable Na increased as the Mg/Ca ratio increased from 1:4 to 4:1 indicating that Mg charged waters are more detrimental for structural integrity of the soils. Averaged from all SAR treatments, the Mg-Na systems had between 10.5 to 12.1% more exchangeable Na than did the Ca-Na systems. The Mg-induced increase in exchangeable Na was directly related to a preference by the soils for Ca over Mg, which makes Na more competitive against Mg than against Ca. The influence of Mg on soil structural stability was examined by measuring degree of dispersion, capillary raise and moisture diffusivity using Na-Ca-Mg solutions varying with Ca/Mg ratios and SAR values. In order to segregate the specific effect of Mg, separate binary systems (exclusive Ca-Mg solutions with varying concentrations without Na) were used to examine the degree of dispersion. The Mg-Na system developed considerably lower soil moisture diffusivity and higher degree of dispersion as well as capillarity than did the Ca-Na system when equilibrated with solutions having total electrolyte concentration 20 m mol liter-1. Dispersion and water transmission tests confirmed that the effect of Mg was greater than could be explained by the higher exchangeable Na alone in the Mg system or else Mg had a specific effect on clay dispersion. It was obviously proved that Mg does have the effect on clay dispersion in the binary system involving diminishing Ca concentration where Na was completelyexcluded. Our results suggest that exchangeable Mg is about 1/10th, 1/20th, and 1/30th as dispersive as Na in granite-gneiss, limestone and basalt derived soils, respectively.
研究了Mg对印度卡纳塔克邦TBP (Tungabhadra项目)和UKP (Upper Krishna项目)灌溉区突出垂直土层中三元(Na-Ca-Mg)交换和内部结构稳定性的影响。地表土壤样品代表了典型的垂直土壤，这些土壤来自花岗岩片麻岩(Gangavati和Kavadimatti)、石灰石(Devapur和Islampur)和玄武岩(Kadliwad和Mannapur)。这些土壤与不同钠吸附比(SAR-5、20、40、60、80和100毫摩尔/升1/2)和不同Ca/Mg比(4:1、2:1、1:1、1:2和1:4)的水进行平衡。随着Mg/Ca比值从1:4增加到4:1，交换性Na增加，表明含镁水对土壤结构完整性更不利。从所有SAR处理的平均值来看，Mg-Na系统的可交换Na含量比Ca-Na系统高10.5%至12.1%。Mg诱导的交换性Na的增加与土壤对Ca的偏好直接相关，这使得Na对Mg的竞争比对Ca的竞争更强。通过测量随Ca/Mg比和SAR值变化的Na-Ca-Mg溶液的分散程度、毛细升高和水分扩散率，研究了Mg对土壤结构稳定性的影响。为了分离Mg的特定效应，使用单独的二元系统(不含Na的不同浓度的Ca-Mg溶液)来检查分散程度。当总电解质浓度为20 m mol l -1时，Mg-Na体系比Ca-Na体系具有更低的土壤水分扩散率和更高的分散程度以及毛细性。分散和水传递试验证实，Mg的作用大于Mg体系中单独高交换性Na的作用，或者Mg对粘土的分散有特定的影响。结果表明，在完全排除Na的情况下，Mg对二元体系中Ca浓度降低的粘土分散有影响。结果表明，在花岗片麻岩、石灰岩和玄武岩源性土壤中，可交换性Mg的弥散性分别约为Na的1/10、1/20和1/30。
{"title":"Effects of Magnesium on Cation Selectivity and Structural Stability in prominent Vertisols of Karnataka","authors":"Prasanna Meenakshi Suguru","doi":"10.4172/2165-8056.1000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-8056.1000121","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mg on ternary (Na-Ca-Mg) exchange and intern structural stability in prominent Vertisols of TBP (Tungabhadra Project) and UKP (Upper Krishna Project) irrigation commands of Karnataka State, India. Surface soil samples representing typical Vertisols derived from granite-gneiss (Gangavati and Kavadimatti), limestone (Devapur and Islampur) and basalt (Kadliwad and Mannapur) were included in the study. These soils were subjected to equilibration with waters of varying sodium adsorption ratio (SAR-5,20,40,60,80 and 100 millimoles per liter1/2) with different Ca/Mg ratio (4:1,2:1,1:1,1:2and 1:4).Exchangeable Na increased as the Mg/Ca ratio increased from 1:4 to 4:1 indicating that Mg charged waters are more detrimental for structural integrity of the soils. Averaged from all SAR treatments, the Mg-Na systems had between 10.5 to 12.1% more exchangeable Na than did the Ca-Na systems. The Mg-induced increase in exchangeable Na was directly related to a preference by the soils for Ca over Mg, which makes Na more competitive against Mg than against Ca. The influence of Mg on soil structural stability was examined by measuring degree of dispersion, capillary raise and moisture diffusivity using Na-Ca-Mg solutions varying with Ca/Mg ratios and SAR values. In order to segregate the specific effect of Mg, separate binary systems (exclusive Ca-Mg solutions with varying concentrations without Na) were used to examine the degree of dispersion. The Mg-Na system developed considerably lower soil moisture diffusivity and higher degree of dispersion as well as capillarity than did the Ca-Na system when equilibrated with solutions having total electrolyte concentration 20 m mol liter-1. Dispersion and water transmission tests confirmed that the effect of Mg was greater than could be explained by the higher exchangeable Na alone in the Mg system or else Mg had a specific effect on clay dispersion. It was obviously proved that Mg does have the effect on clay dispersion in the binary system involving diminishing Ca concentration where Na was completelyexcluded. Our results suggest that exchangeable Mg is about 1/10th, 1/20th, and 1/30th as dispersive as Na in granite-gneiss, limestone and basalt derived soils, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8875,"journal":{"name":"BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76630589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basal cuttings having more than 8 mm diameter showed better rooting than apical sections of the shoots. Cuttings treated with low temperature (4°C) for 24 hrs before planting initially sprouted well, up to 45 days, but could not survive until 90 days. Cuttings from middle portion having the size of 5±1 cm survived better for IBA treatment at 90 days. NAA did not help rooting. Hormones when externally applied did not show any role in promoting roots.
{"title":"Induction of rooting in grape (ARI 516)","authors":"Sujata Tetali, S. Karkamkar","doi":"10.31220/osf.io/v7adu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/osf.io/v7adu","url":null,"abstract":"Basal cuttings having more than 8 mm diameter showed better rooting than apical sections of the shoots. Cuttings treated with low temperature (4°C) for 24 hrs before planting initially sprouted well, up to 45 days, but could not survive until 90 days. Cuttings from middle portion having the size of 5±1 cm survived better for IBA treatment at 90 days. NAA did not help rooting. Hormones when externally applied did not show any role in promoting roots.","PeriodicalId":8875,"journal":{"name":"BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of botanicals and microbial pesticides for management of wax moth (galleria mellonella L.) under stored condition. Maximum mortality of greater wax moth (GWM) Gallleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was observed due to the treatment of of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Halt). followed by pongamia oil (3%) and neem oil (3%). Lowest mortality was observed due to Bacillus thuringiensis local strain-2 and Dried neem leaf. Maximum mortality was observed in case of third instar larvae for most of the treatments.
{"title":"Effect of botanicals and microbial pesticides for management of wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) under stored condition","authors":"S. Bhopale, P. Magar, S. Gaikwad, G. N. Reddy","doi":"10.18641/JBC/27/4/47492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18641/JBC/27/4/47492","url":null,"abstract":"Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of botanicals and microbial pesticides for management of wax moth (galleria mellonella L.) under stored condition. Maximum mortality of greater wax moth (GWM) Gallleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was observed due to the treatment of of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Halt). followed by pongamia oil (3%) and neem oil (3%). Lowest mortality was observed due to Bacillus thuringiensis local strain-2 and Dried neem leaf. Maximum mortality was observed in case of third instar larvae for most of the treatments.","PeriodicalId":8875,"journal":{"name":"BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80078859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twelve genotypes of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) were evaluated to determine genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as percent for thirteen characters. Significant variations were recorded for the various characters studied. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were highest for the number of leaves per plant, number of clumps per plant and leaf area index, indicating presence of sufficient genetic variability for selection in these traits. High heritability and high genetic advance for number of leaves per plant, leaf area index and fresh weight indicated the presence of additive gene effects in these traits and their amicability for direct selection. The non additive gene effects were evident in petal thickness, hollowness of the stalk, fresh weight, flower diameter, stalk diameter and neck diameter thus warranting use of heterosis breeding for these characters. The selection on the basis of number of leaves per plant, number of clumps per plant and leaf area index will be more effective for further breeding programme.
{"title":"Genetic variability and heritability studies in Gerbera jamesonii bolus","authors":"Priyanka Prajapati, A. Singh, A. Senapati","doi":"10.5897/AJAR2013.8038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2013.8038","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve genotypes of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) were evaluated to determine genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as percent for thirteen characters. Significant variations were recorded for the various characters studied. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were highest for the number of leaves per plant, number of clumps per plant and leaf area index, indicating presence of sufficient genetic variability for selection in these traits. High heritability and high genetic advance for number of leaves per plant, leaf area index and fresh weight indicated the presence of additive gene effects in these traits and their amicability for direct selection. The non additive gene effects were evident in petal thickness, hollowness of the stalk, fresh weight, flower diameter, stalk diameter and neck diameter thus warranting use of heterosis breeding for these characters. The selection on the basis of number of leaves per plant, number of clumps per plant and leaf area index will be more effective for further breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":8875,"journal":{"name":"BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82296330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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