Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.22541/au.163544788.89196536/v1
Linh Vu, D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, B. Tran, Hoai-Duc T. Nguyen, Nga T. T. Mai, N. Nguyen
In-depth information about the transformation of biomass during gasification is the key to the sustainable development of this technology. This study elucidated the evolution of physico-chemical properties of macadamia husk throughout relevant industrial gasification conditions. The technical characteristics combined with high kinetics highlighted the suitability of this feedstock for gasification. Non-porous chars with very low surface areas were observed throughout the conversion, which minimizes the potential to use the residues after gasification as adsorbents. Nevertheless, multiple carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups were present on the char surface. Moreover, an extraordinarily high K content was detected (up to 86 wt% of the char’s total inorganic elements) and evenly distributed on the char surface. Such results consolidated the idea of combining the production of energy and cheap bio-fertilizers using the gasification of macadamia husk. The resulting database offered interesting hints for the development of zero-waste energy production systems with biomass gasification.
{"title":"Evolution of properties of macadamia husk throughout gasification: hints for a zero-waste energy production system","authors":"Linh Vu, D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, B. Tran, Hoai-Duc T. Nguyen, Nga T. T. Mai, N. Nguyen","doi":"10.22541/au.163544788.89196536/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.163544788.89196536/v1","url":null,"abstract":"In-depth information about the transformation of biomass during\u0000gasification is the key to the sustainable development of this\u0000technology. This study elucidated the evolution of physico-chemical\u0000properties of macadamia husk throughout relevant industrial gasification\u0000conditions. The technical characteristics combined with high kinetics\u0000highlighted the suitability of this feedstock for gasification.\u0000Non-porous chars with very low surface areas were observed throughout\u0000the conversion, which minimizes the potential to use the residues after\u0000gasification as adsorbents. Nevertheless, multiple carboxyl and hydroxyl\u0000functional groups were present on the char surface. Moreover, an\u0000extraordinarily high K content was detected (up to 86 wt% of the char’s\u0000total inorganic elements) and evenly distributed on the char surface.\u0000Such results consolidated the idea of combining the production of energy\u0000and cheap bio-fertilizers using the gasification of macadamia husk. The\u0000resulting database offered interesting hints for the development of\u0000zero-waste energy production systems with biomass gasification.","PeriodicalId":8961,"journal":{"name":"Biomass and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81909475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.5071/28THEUBCE2020-3BO.11.2
S. Larsen, Nicolaj Ma, X. Hou, Annette Bruhn, Teis Boderskov, A. Macleod, Urd Grandorf Bak, A. Bjerre
Abstract Ensiling was investigated as a long-term storage method for preserving brown seaweed biomass (sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae)) for subsequent use e.g. in a year-round biorefinery context where value-added constituents should be recovered for further formulation. Sugar kelp ensiling trials were carried out in lab-scale and pilot-scale with up to one-year duration, by either biological ensiling by means of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation or by chemical ensiling by addition of lactic acid to reduce pH. The results clearly demonstrated that the ensilability of sugar kelp was positively correlated with the initial glucose content which was partly consumed by LAB for obtaining and maintaining low pH. The ensiling process could be optimized by initial addition of molasses and further by addition of commercial LAB inoculum. The dose of molasses was important for pH development during biological ensiling. Similarly, initial addition of lactic acid was important for obtaining an effective chemical ensiling. Biological ensiling reduced the content of native glucose from sugar kelp and increased the content of fermentation products, primarily lactic acid. Addition of either molasses + LAB inoculum or lactic acid reduced the degradation of total amino acids during ensiling. Freezing prior to ensiling hampered the ensiling process but could be compensated for by addition of LAB. In conclusion, ensiling can be used for long-term storage of seaweed biomass, however, the ensiling process alters the biomass composition and, hence, the quality for subsequent use in biorefinery processes. The fate of higher-value components during ensiling needs further investigation.
{"title":"Ensiling of sugar kelp biomass for biorefining","authors":"S. Larsen, Nicolaj Ma, X. Hou, Annette Bruhn, Teis Boderskov, A. Macleod, Urd Grandorf Bak, A. Bjerre","doi":"10.5071/28THEUBCE2020-3BO.11.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5071/28THEUBCE2020-3BO.11.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ensiling was investigated as a long-term storage method for preserving brown seaweed biomass (sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae)) for subsequent use e.g. in a year-round biorefinery context where value-added constituents should be recovered for further formulation. Sugar kelp ensiling trials were carried out in lab-scale and pilot-scale with up to one-year duration, by either biological ensiling by means of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation or by chemical ensiling by addition of lactic acid to reduce pH. The results clearly demonstrated that the ensilability of sugar kelp was positively correlated with the initial glucose content which was partly consumed by LAB for obtaining and maintaining low pH. The ensiling process could be optimized by initial addition of molasses and further by addition of commercial LAB inoculum. The dose of molasses was important for pH development during biological ensiling. Similarly, initial addition of lactic acid was important for obtaining an effective chemical ensiling. Biological ensiling reduced the content of native glucose from sugar kelp and increased the content of fermentation products, primarily lactic acid. Addition of either molasses + LAB inoculum or lactic acid reduced the degradation of total amino acids during ensiling. Freezing prior to ensiling hampered the ensiling process but could be compensated for by addition of LAB. In conclusion, ensiling can be used for long-term storage of seaweed biomass, however, the ensiling process alters the biomass composition and, hence, the quality for subsequent use in biorefinery processes. The fate of higher-value components during ensiling needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":8961,"journal":{"name":"Biomass and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76782157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large-scale implementation of forest-based biofuel production will have an impact on biomass prices, something which in turn will affect biofuel production costs. The profitability of emerging biofuel production technologies is usually assessed using techno-economic or market approaches. While techno-economic approaches have a detailed description of technologies within plant-level or supply chain system boundaries, they build on exogenously given static biomass prices. Conversely, market approaches have a consistent description of the economic system including market interactions for prices within local or national boundaries, but they generally lack technological depth. This paper combines these two approaches using an iterative framework for a case study optimising the production cost of liquefied biomethane (LBG) using different configurations of sawmill-integrated biomass gasification. Cost estimates are developed using system boundaries reflecting the plant owner and policymaker perspectives, respectively. The results show that different plant configurations are favoured depending on the choice between minimising the biofuel production cost for the plant-owner or for the policymaker. Market dynamics simulated by the iterative procedure show that a direct policy support of 36-56 EUR/MWh would be needed to sustain large-scale LBG production, which is 12-31% higher than the necessary policy support estimated based on static biomass prices.
{"title":"Large-scale introduction of forest-based biorefineries: Actor perspectives and the impacts of a dynamic biomass market","authors":"J. Zetterholm, J. Ahlström, Elina Bryngemark","doi":"10.31224/osf.io/mntvy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/mntvy","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale implementation of forest-based biofuel production will have an impact on biomass prices, something which in turn will affect biofuel production costs. The profitability of emerging biofuel production technologies is usually assessed using techno-economic or market approaches. While techno-economic approaches have a detailed description of technologies within plant-level or supply chain system boundaries, they build on exogenously given static biomass prices. Conversely, market approaches have a consistent description of the economic system including market interactions for prices within local or national boundaries, but they generally lack technological depth. This paper combines these two approaches using an iterative framework for a case study optimising the production cost of liquefied biomethane (LBG) using different configurations of sawmill-integrated biomass gasification. Cost estimates are developed using system boundaries reflecting the plant owner and policymaker perspectives, respectively. The results show that different plant configurations are favoured depending on the choice between minimising the biofuel production cost for the plant-owner or for the policymaker. Market dynamics simulated by the iterative procedure show that a direct policy support of 36-56 EUR/MWh would be needed to sustain large-scale LBG production, which is 12-31% higher than the necessary policy support estimated based on static biomass prices.","PeriodicalId":8961,"journal":{"name":"Biomass and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77930587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.5071/26THEUBCE2018-2AO.8.3
L. J. Roberts, P. Mason, Jenny M. Jones, W. Gale, A. Williams, Adam Hunt, J. Ashman
The composition of ash arising from biomass combustion can cause significant slagging and fouling issues in pulverised-fuel boilers, particularly if high concentrations of alkalis are present. Al–Si additives have shown promise in improving the ash deposition characteristics of troublesome biomass, converting volatile potassium to potassium aluminosilicates. This article presents results of lab-scale testing for two high-potassium biomass ashes, olive-cake (OCA) and white-wood (WWA), combined with two promising additives, coal pulverised fuel ash (PFA) and kaolin powder, at 5% mass fraction. Ash fusion testing results show that the use of these additives consistently increases flow temperatures. For WWA, kaolin was observed to reduce deformation temperatures and increase flow temperatures to far above combustion temperatures. Sinter strength testing showed that additive use significantly improves the deposition properties of OCA, preventing the precipitation of KCl and formation of deposits that are highly undesirable for removal via sootblower. Sintering was eliminated at all temperatures measured with the use of kaolin. Both additives had negative effects upon the sintering of WWA, indicating that Al–Si additive use should be restricted to high K, high Cl biomass. High temperature viscometry of OCA, combined with thermodynamic modelling, showed that viscosities at combustion temperatures were far below ideal values due high Mg concentration and silicate formation. Kaolin at 5% mass fraction was predicted to significantly improve this behaviour, with aluminosilicate formation producing favourable viscosities. Results indicate that kaolin addition to high K, high Cl biomass such as OCA shows promise in making the ash compositions viable for pulverised-fuel combustion.
{"title":"The impact of aluminosilicate-based additives upon the sintering and melting behaviour of biomass ash","authors":"L. J. Roberts, P. Mason, Jenny M. Jones, W. Gale, A. Williams, Adam Hunt, J. Ashman","doi":"10.5071/26THEUBCE2018-2AO.8.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5071/26THEUBCE2018-2AO.8.3","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of ash arising from biomass combustion can cause significant slagging and fouling issues in pulverised-fuel boilers, particularly if high concentrations of alkalis are present. Al–Si additives have shown promise in improving the ash deposition characteristics of troublesome biomass, converting volatile potassium to potassium aluminosilicates. This article presents results of lab-scale testing for two high-potassium biomass ashes, olive-cake (OCA) and white-wood (WWA), combined with two promising additives, coal pulverised fuel ash (PFA) and kaolin powder, at 5% mass fraction. Ash fusion testing results show that the use of these additives consistently increases flow temperatures. For WWA, kaolin was observed to reduce deformation temperatures and increase flow temperatures to far above combustion temperatures. Sinter strength testing showed that additive use significantly improves the deposition properties of OCA, preventing the precipitation of KCl and formation of deposits that are highly undesirable for removal via sootblower. Sintering was eliminated at all temperatures measured with the use of kaolin. Both additives had negative effects upon the sintering of WWA, indicating that Al–Si additive use should be restricted to high K, high Cl biomass. High temperature viscometry of OCA, combined with thermodynamic modelling, showed that viscosities at combustion temperatures were far below ideal values due high Mg concentration and silicate formation. Kaolin at 5% mass fraction was predicted to significantly improve this behaviour, with aluminosilicate formation producing favourable viscosities. Results indicate that kaolin addition to high K, high Cl biomass such as OCA shows promise in making the ash compositions viable for pulverised-fuel combustion.","PeriodicalId":8961,"journal":{"name":"Biomass and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82348375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.5071/26THEUBCE2018-3DO.6.4
C. Lindfors, A. Oasmaa, A. Välimäki, T. Ohra-Aho, Henna Punkkinen, C. Bajamundi, K. Onarheim
Abstract The purpose of the research was to validate if the fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) from used wood would meet both the specifications set by the standard EN 16900–2017 for use of FPBO in industrial boilers and REACH requirements. Commercial used wood Class C was used for fast pyrolysis. The dominant material groups in the feedstock were (virgin) wood (58%) and chemically treated wood (41%). The contents of heavy metals and plastics were low. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor (1 kg/h). Organic liquid yields were lower (42 − 47%) than with sawdust (64%) but at the same level with those from stored forest residues (46%). The lower organic liquid yield was partly caused by the ash in the feedstock. The liquid product had a high water mass fraction, which resulted in a spontaneous phase separation. The phases were mixed together, and a part of water was evaporated at 40 °C to obtain a single phase product with a water mass fraction of 21%. The liquid product was a homogenous fluid, which in most cases met the demands of the EN standard and the specifications for REACH. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation suggests that fluidized bed combustion of the pyrolysis char may increase the risk of corrosion and ash melting problems. The recycled wood case is self-sufficient in terms of heat and energy input to the process and will produce excess electricity and district heating for export.
{"title":"Standard liquid fuel for industrial boilers from used wood","authors":"C. Lindfors, A. Oasmaa, A. Välimäki, T. Ohra-Aho, Henna Punkkinen, C. Bajamundi, K. Onarheim","doi":"10.5071/26THEUBCE2018-3DO.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5071/26THEUBCE2018-3DO.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the research was to validate if the fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) from used wood would meet both the specifications set by the standard EN 16900–2017 for use of FPBO in industrial boilers and REACH requirements. Commercial used wood Class C was used for fast pyrolysis. The dominant material groups in the feedstock were (virgin) wood (58%) and chemically treated wood (41%). The contents of heavy metals and plastics were low. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor (1 kg/h). Organic liquid yields were lower (42 − 47%) than with sawdust (64%) but at the same level with those from stored forest residues (46%). The lower organic liquid yield was partly caused by the ash in the feedstock. The liquid product had a high water mass fraction, which resulted in a spontaneous phase separation. The phases were mixed together, and a part of water was evaporated at 40 °C to obtain a single phase product with a water mass fraction of 21%. The liquid product was a homogenous fluid, which in most cases met the demands of the EN standard and the specifications for REACH. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation suggests that fluidized bed combustion of the pyrolysis char may increase the risk of corrosion and ash melting problems. The recycled wood case is self-sufficient in terms of heat and energy input to the process and will produce excess electricity and district heating for export.","PeriodicalId":8961,"journal":{"name":"Biomass and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73817055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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