Description du sujet. La faune mammalienne de la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki en République démocratique du Congo est soumise à de fortes pressions anthropiques menaçant son intégrité. Objectifs. Cette étude vise à caractériser la diversité et l’état de conservation de la communauté animale mammalienne de la réserve, non documentés à ce jour. Méthode. Pour y parvenir, une grille de 40 pièges photographiques a été déployée au cœur de la réserve durant 90 jours sur une surface de 32 km2. En parallèle, un suivi journalier de l’activité de chasse de 50 chasseurs, issus de cinq villages situés en périphérie de la réserve, a été entrepris durant 63 jours. Résultats. Les relevés des pièges photographiques ont permis de répertorier 14 taxons de mammifères, identifiés au moins au niveau du genre, parmi lesquels le chimpanzé (Pan troglotydes), espèce menacée d’extinction. Quant aux tableaux de chasse, 18 espèces ont été capturées sur la période suivie. Parmi les principaux groupes d’animaux recensés selon les deux approches, les rongeurs viennent en tête avec respectivement 86,4 % des détections par pièges photographiques et 66,9 % des prises par les chasseurs. Les espèces de taille moyenne, comme les céphalophes, sont peu détectées et peu capturées. Comparée à d’autres aires protégées d’Afrique centrale étudiées avec des dispositifs et des taux d’échantillonnages comparables, la réserve de Biosphère de Luki apparait bien pauvre en termes de diversité des espèces de mammifères. Conclusions. Ces résultats semblent indiquer une forte altération de la communauté mammalienne résidant dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki, malgré la présence d’une petite population relictuelle de chimpanzés. L’absence d’espèces de taille moyenne à grande dans les tableaux de chasse et leur très faible détection par pièges photographiques montrent l’urgence d’accroître l’effort de surveillance et questionnent la politique de gestion participative de la réserve mise en place depuis près de 20 années.
{"title":"État des populations des mammifères terrestres dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki (République démocratique du Congo)","authors":"Yvan Kwidja Djami*, Davy Fonteyn*, Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke, Mvuezolo Nyimi Meeys, Florine Poulain, Ernestine Lonpi Tipi, Cédric Vermeulen","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20430","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. La faune mammalienne de la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki en République démocratique du Congo est soumise à de fortes pressions anthropiques menaçant son intégrité. Objectifs. Cette étude vise à caractériser la diversité et l’état de conservation de la communauté animale mammalienne de la réserve, non documentés à ce jour. Méthode. Pour y parvenir, une grille de 40 pièges photographiques a été déployée au cœur de la réserve durant 90 jours sur une surface de 32 km2. En parallèle, un suivi journalier de l’activité de chasse de 50 chasseurs, issus de cinq villages situés en périphérie de la réserve, a été entrepris durant 63 jours. Résultats. Les relevés des pièges photographiques ont permis de répertorier 14 taxons de mammifères, identifiés au moins au niveau du genre, parmi lesquels le chimpanzé (Pan troglotydes), espèce menacée d’extinction. Quant aux tableaux de chasse, 18 espèces ont été capturées sur la période suivie. Parmi les principaux groupes d’animaux recensés selon les deux approches, les rongeurs viennent en tête avec respectivement 86,4 % des détections par pièges photographiques et 66,9 % des prises par les chasseurs. Les espèces de taille moyenne, comme les céphalophes, sont peu détectées et peu capturées. Comparée à d’autres aires protégées d’Afrique centrale étudiées avec des dispositifs et des taux d’échantillonnages comparables, la réserve de Biosphère de Luki apparait bien pauvre en termes de diversité des espèces de mammifères. Conclusions. Ces résultats semblent indiquer une forte altération de la communauté mammalienne résidant dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki, malgré la présence d’une petite population relictuelle de chimpanzés. L’absence d’espèces de taille moyenne à grande dans les tableaux de chasse et leur très faible détection par pièges photographiques montrent l’urgence d’accroître l’effort de surveillance et questionnent la politique de gestion participative de la réserve mise en place depuis près de 20 années.","PeriodicalId":8968,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.20492
Laura Valdés-Santiago, José Sabás-Segura, Ana Karen Lona-Moncada, José Luis Castro-Guillén, Alejandra Sarahí Ramírez-Segovia, Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Description of the subject. Novel sensitizer environmentally friendly natural pigments with suitable colors for dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs) are required. Here, melanized structures to obtain pigments formed by Aspergillus niger, Sclerotium cepivorum, and Albifimbria verrucaria, were used. Objectives. The goal of this study was to build DSSC solar cells to study the operation of these extracted melanins from these fungi. Method. Melanin extraction from fungal structures was carried out using KOH-HCl and NaOH-HCl and applied in the DSSC. Results. The melanin from A. verrucaria had the best fill factor (FF) (0.718), followed by that from S. cepivorum and A. niger (0.708 and 0.525). Sclerotium cepivorum melanin had the highest effectiveness (0.320%), followed by A. verrucaria (0.160%) and A. niger (0.149%). Conclusions. The I-V and V-P curves in the evaluation tests showed that fungal melanin behaved as a semiconductor; as a result, the development of DSSC-type solar cell devices employing extracts from different sources of fungal melanin appears promising.
{"title":"The effectiveness of melanin from the fungi Sclerotium cepivorum, Aspergillus niger, and Albifimbria verrucaria for use in dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs)","authors":"Laura Valdés-Santiago, José Sabás-Segura, Ana Karen Lona-Moncada, José Luis Castro-Guillén, Alejandra Sarahí Ramírez-Segovia, Rafael Vargas-Bernal","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20492","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Novel sensitizer environmentally friendly natural pigments with suitable colors for dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs) are required. Here, melanized structures to obtain pigments formed by Aspergillus niger, Sclerotium cepivorum, and Albifimbria verrucaria, were used. Objectives. The goal of this study was to build DSSC solar cells to study the operation of these extracted melanins from these fungi. Method. Melanin extraction from fungal structures was carried out using KOH-HCl and NaOH-HCl and applied in the DSSC. Results. The melanin from A. verrucaria had the best fill factor (FF) (0.718), followed by that from S. cepivorum and A. niger (0.708 and 0.525). Sclerotium cepivorum melanin had the highest effectiveness (0.320%), followed by A. verrucaria (0.160%) and A. niger (0.149%). Conclusions. The I-V and V-P curves in the evaluation tests showed that fungal melanin behaved as a semiconductor; as a result, the development of DSSC-type solar cell devices employing extracts from different sources of fungal melanin appears promising.","PeriodicalId":8968,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135156752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.20462
Affi Jean Paul Attikora, Nafan Diarrassouba, Saraka Didier Martial Yao, Caroline De Clerck, Souleymane Silué, Taofic Alabi, Ludivine Lassois
Description of the subject. Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.) is an essential component of natural/semi-natural savannas and agroforestry systems of Africa. It contributes to local household incomes and represents an important cash crop for export. It is important to improve our knowledge about the viability and genetic diversity of “plus shea tree” (PST: shea trees whose genetic superiority has not yet been proven by an appropriate progeny test) genotypes to conserve the genetic diversity of the species and the potential for producing improved species. Objectives. We characterized the diversity of an in situ PST collection in Côte d’Ivoire and evaluated its long-term sustainability. Method. Twelve qualitative morphological traits were studied on 220 PSTs randomly sampled among 405 PSTs also randomly selected from in situ collections in the Bagoué and Tchologo districts of northern Côte d’Ivoire to assess in situ conservation sustainability. Results. Most qualitative morphological traits were highly diverse based on the Shannon diversity index (0.55-0.98 range) with significant differences between districts. Hierarchical ascending classification gathered the PSTs into three groups. The lack of sustainability of the in situ collection for long-term conservation of the species was confirmed because it is endangered by a high mortality rate (8.15% after three years) and high levels of infestation by Loranthaceae (83.68%). Conclusions. We recommend the establishment of an ex situ collection of shea trees managed by a research organization to preserve this important genetic heritage. To maximize the genetic diversity of the future ex situ collection, we suggest establishing a core collection based on molecular diversity characterized from molecular markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
{"title":"Morphological traits and sustainability of plus shea trees (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.) in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Affi Jean Paul Attikora, Nafan Diarrassouba, Saraka Didier Martial Yao, Caroline De Clerck, Souleymane Silué, Taofic Alabi, Ludivine Lassois","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20462","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.) is an essential component of natural/semi-natural savannas and agroforestry systems of Africa. It contributes to local household incomes and represents an important cash crop for export. It is important to improve our knowledge about the viability and genetic diversity of “plus shea tree” (PST: shea trees whose genetic superiority has not yet been proven by an appropriate progeny test) genotypes to conserve the genetic diversity of the species and the potential for producing improved species. Objectives. We characterized the diversity of an in situ PST collection in Côte d’Ivoire and evaluated its long-term sustainability. Method. Twelve qualitative morphological traits were studied on 220 PSTs randomly sampled among 405 PSTs also randomly selected from in situ collections in the Bagoué and Tchologo districts of northern Côte d’Ivoire to assess in situ conservation sustainability. Results. Most qualitative morphological traits were highly diverse based on the Shannon diversity index (0.55-0.98 range) with significant differences between districts. Hierarchical ascending classification gathered the PSTs into three groups. The lack of sustainability of the in situ collection for long-term conservation of the species was confirmed because it is endangered by a high mortality rate (8.15% after three years) and high levels of infestation by Loranthaceae (83.68%). Conclusions. We recommend the establishment of an ex situ collection of shea trees managed by a research organization to preserve this important genetic heritage. To maximize the genetic diversity of the future ex situ collection, we suggest establishing a core collection based on molecular diversity characterized from molecular markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).","PeriodicalId":8968,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.4013/BASE.2020.173.04
G. Fernandes, M. Teixeira
A falta de modelos cognitivos que expliquem o conceito de accountability pode ser sintetizada na ausencia de um termo unico na lingua portuguesa. Com efeito, o impacto de modelos cognitivos nas formas de auditoria e profundo. No entanto, o termo mais proximo - prestacao de contas e considerado impreciso. Os Tribunais de Contas, cuja criacao em alguns casos se deu na Republica Velha tendem a usar uma compreensao mais antiga do que a da Controladoria Geral da Uniao (CGU), criada em 2003. Aproveitando-se dessa caracteristica, analisamos as diferencas de concepcao de fiscalizacao dos municipios pelos Tribunais de Contas, contrastando com a atuacao da CGU. A despeito de muitas acoes municipais receberem uma dupla fiscalizacao, os dados confirmam a hipotese de uma grande divergencia de atuacao entre o respectivo Tribunal e a Controladoria. A atuacao da ultima se aproxima mais de uma auditoria de performance, relatando em media um numero maior de irregularidades nos municipios, ao passo que, nos Tribunais de Contas, predomina a auditoria de compliance, sendo o numero de achados relativamente menor.
{"title":"Accountability or Prestação de Contas, CGU or Courts of Accounts: examining different views on the role of regulatory agencies in Brazilian municipalities","authors":"G. Fernandes, M. Teixeira","doi":"10.4013/BASE.2020.173.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/BASE.2020.173.04","url":null,"abstract":"A falta de modelos cognitivos que expliquem o conceito de accountability pode ser sintetizada na ausencia de um termo unico na lingua portuguesa. Com efeito, o impacto de modelos cognitivos nas formas de auditoria e profundo. No entanto, o termo mais proximo - prestacao de contas e considerado impreciso. Os Tribunais de Contas, cuja criacao em alguns casos se deu na Republica Velha tendem a usar uma compreensao mais antiga do que a da Controladoria Geral da Uniao (CGU), criada em 2003. Aproveitando-se dessa caracteristica, analisamos as diferencas de concepcao de fiscalizacao dos municipios pelos Tribunais de Contas, contrastando com a atuacao da CGU. A despeito de muitas acoes municipais receberem uma dupla fiscalizacao, os dados confirmam a hipotese de uma grande divergencia de atuacao entre o respectivo Tribunal e a Controladoria. A atuacao da ultima se aproxima mais de uma auditoria de performance, relatando em media um numero maior de irregularidades nos municipios, ao passo que, nos Tribunais de Contas, predomina a auditoria de compliance, sendo o numero de achados relativamente menor.","PeriodicalId":8968,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74703625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-27DOI: 10.3917/quae.aspe.2012.02.0255
Chantal Aspe, Marie Jacqué
{"title":"Bibliographie","authors":"Chantal Aspe, Marie Jacqué","doi":"10.3917/quae.aspe.2012.02.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/quae.aspe.2012.02.0255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8968,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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