Megan Vucovich, Noah Ehinger, Stanley D Poole, Fred S Lamb, Jeff Reese
The mechanisms that regulate relaxation of the fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) and its postnatal constriction are the subject of ongoing studies. Using pressure myography, a pattern of rhythmic oscillatory contractions termed vasomotion was observed in the isolated DA of preterm (day 15) fetal mice. Vasomotion was enhanced by oxygen-induced DA constriction and other contractile agents, and diminished by vasodilatory stimuli or inhibition of chloride channels. The DA of late preterm (day 17) or term (day 19) gestation fetal mice did not exhibit vasomotion. These studies establish the stage-specific presence of vasomotion in the DA of fetal mice and suggest that complex events contribute to intrinsic mechanisms for control of fetal DA tone.
{"title":"Spontaneous Rhythmic Contractions (Vasomotion) of the Isolated, Pressurized Ductus Arteriosus of Preterm, but Not Term, Fetal Mice.","authors":"Megan Vucovich, Noah Ehinger, Stanley D Poole, Fred S Lamb, Jeff Reese","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms that regulate relaxation of the fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) and its postnatal constriction are the subject of ongoing studies. Using pressure myography, a pattern of rhythmic oscillatory contractions termed vasomotion was observed in the isolated DA of preterm (day 15) fetal mice. Vasomotion was enhanced by oxygen-induced DA constriction and other contractile agents, and diminished by vasodilatory stimuli or inhibition of chloride channels. The DA of late preterm (day 17) or term (day 19) gestation fetal mice did not exhibit vasomotion. These studies establish the stage-specific presence of vasomotion in the DA of fetal mice and suggest that complex events contribute to intrinsic mechanisms for control of fetal DA tone.</p>","PeriodicalId":89856,"journal":{"name":"The e-journal of neonatology research","volume":"2 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661283/pdf/nihms443948.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31459674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phillip Gordon, Robert Christensen, Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp, Akhil Maheshwari
A comprehensive review of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is provided; including history, biological basis and frequently asked questions. In addition, a system of improved NEC classification is explained in detail (consisting of five NEC subsets and four NEC-like diseases), to aid the bedside clinician in therapy and prevention. The authors offer opinion for therapeutics in italics at the end of each definition.
本书全面回顾了坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC），包括病史、生物学基础和常见问题。此外，还详细解释了经改进的 NEC 分类系统（包括五个 NEC 亚群和四种 NEC 类疾病），以帮助临床医生进行治疗和预防。作者在每个定义的末尾用斜体字提出了治疗意见。
{"title":"Mapping the New World of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Review and Opinion.","authors":"Phillip Gordon, Robert Christensen, Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp, Akhil Maheshwari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comprehensive review of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is provided; including history, biological basis and frequently asked questions. In addition, a system of improved NEC classification is explained in detail (consisting of five NEC subsets and four NEC-like diseases), to aid the bedside clinician in therapy and prevention. The authors offer opinion for therapeutics in italics at the end of each definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":89856,"journal":{"name":"The e-journal of neonatology research","volume":"2 4","pages":"145-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666872/pdf/nihms435179.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31476220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0973217920110201
A. Gambhir
{"title":"Editorial: From Advocacy to Action","authors":"A. Gambhir","doi":"10.1177/0973217920110201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973217920110201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89856,"journal":{"name":"The e-journal of neonatology research","volume":"44 1","pages":"65-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90221888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan R Swanson, Tamas Jilling, Jing Lu, Jessica B Landseadel, Marek Marcinkiewicz, Phillip V Gordon
Background: Mucosal apoptosis is the initiating event in models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) within rodents. It is possible there are species-specific differences that make apoptosis a more prominent feature of NEC in rodents than in humans.
Hypothesis: A lower threshold for mucosal apoptosis in the rodent distal intestine might have evolutionary advantages (via enhanced opsonization with the neonatal Fc receptor [FcRn]), since many short-gestation mammals are comparatively premature (histomorphologically) but are protected from NEC by breast milk.
Methods: We utilized a rat intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-18) model to determine if cell death alters FcRn - IgG binding, and rodent models of NEC to determine if cell death results in increased opsonization of IgG. Cultured IEC-18 cells were treated with H2O2 and analyzed. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were cold and hypoxia stressed and intestinal sections were frozen for analysis.
Results: IgG binding was increased in H2O2-treated cells. Co-incubation of treated cells with either insulin-like growth factor or tunicamycin decreased IgG binding. Sprague-Dawley rats formula fed with exogenous bacteria showed a significant decrease in intestinal FcRn mRNA but increased ileal IgG binding.
Conclusions: We speculate that FcRn plays a role in passive opsonization and subsequent bacterial pathogen clearance, making rodents resistant to NEC.
{"title":"Ileal Immunoglobulin Binding by the Neonatal Fc Receptor: A Previously Unrecognized Mechanism of Protection in the Neonatal Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis?","authors":"Jonathan R Swanson, Tamas Jilling, Jing Lu, Jessica B Landseadel, Marek Marcinkiewicz, Phillip V Gordon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucosal apoptosis is the initiating event in models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) within rodents. It is possible there are species-specific differences that make apoptosis a more prominent feature of NEC in rodents than in humans.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>A lower threshold for mucosal apoptosis in the rodent distal intestine might have evolutionary advantages (via enhanced opsonization with the neonatal Fc receptor [FcRn]), since many short-gestation mammals are comparatively premature (histomorphologically) but are protected from NEC by breast milk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized a rat intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-18) model to determine if cell death alters FcRn - IgG binding, and rodent models of NEC to determine if cell death results in increased opsonization of IgG. Cultured IEC-18 cells were treated with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and analyzed. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were cold and hypoxia stressed and intestinal sections were frozen for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IgG binding was increased in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated cells. Co-incubation of treated cells with either insulin-like growth factor or tunicamycin decreased IgG binding. Sprague-Dawley rats formula fed with exogenous bacteria showed a significant decrease in intestinal FcRn mRNA but increased ileal IgG binding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We speculate that FcRn plays a role in passive opsonization and subsequent bacterial pathogen clearance, making rodents resistant to NEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":89856,"journal":{"name":"The e-journal of neonatology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4122316/pdf/nihms490609.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32570678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0973217920040201
Sudershan Kumari
Several studies during last two decade have reported an increasing survival rate of high-risk neonates discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICU)(l-4). In developed countries this has been achieved mainly due to decreasing mortality of very low birth weight ( < l 500gm) and extremely low birth weight babies (
{"title":"Editorial: Follow up of NICU graduates: Neurodevelopmental Status and Handicaps","authors":"Sudershan Kumari","doi":"10.1177/0973217920040201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973217920040201","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies during last two decade have reported an increasing survival rate of high-risk neonates discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICU)(l-4). In developed countries this has been achieved mainly due to decreasing mortality of very low birth weight ( < l 500gm) and extremely low birth weight babies (<lOOOgm). These rates have been achieved with several interventions for better perinatal care and include: DAntenatal (prenatal steroids, management of preterm labour, bacterial vaginosis, intrauterine growth retardation, premature membrane rupture and other pregnancy complication). DLabour management for prevention of birth asphyxia, hypothermia, and drugs during labour and stabilization of neonate before transport to higher center. D Advances in technology for monitoring, intensive care, mechanical ventilation, postnatal surfactant, management of various systemic problems etc. Klausen et al (5) reported first population based follow up of NICU graduates at preschool age and observed that preschool children with conditions that require NICU care had poor health status and health related quality oflife in a range of domains compared to healthy children (physical abilities, development, temperament & behavior etc). However, despite technological advances for improved neonatal /perinatal care, rates of cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental handicaps at follow up has not decreased as survival of more high risk has increased the absolute number of NICU survivals with neurological deficit(6). Some workers have reported a shift from higher to very low birth weight babies from industrialized countries where survival of micropremies is increasingly reported with regard to incidence of handicaps and neurosensory problems. In Indian context, we have problems of high birth rate, static incidence of low birth weight babies ( <2500gms; 2/3 are growth retarded) at 30% of","PeriodicalId":89856,"journal":{"name":"The e-journal of neonatology research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79194568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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