OA autism最新文献

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Adolescence, Stress and Cortisol in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 自闭症谱系障碍中的青春期、压力和皮质醇。

OA autism

Pub Date : 2014-02-01

Blythe A Corbett, David Simon

Adolescence, the transition between childhood and adulthood, is a period of remarkable physiological, psychological and social change. A variety of physiological changes coincide with the dynamic transition, which is evident in the regulation and responsivity of the Limbic-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (LHPA) axis. Specifically, elevations in diurnal basal cortisol levels have been reported, as well as higher cortisol in response to perceived stressors. While this enhanced responsivity may help prepare the individual to adapt to increased demands and new challenges, it may also mark a time of increased vulnerability in populations already prone to enhanced physiological arousal and poor adaption to change, such as autism. To date most studies investigating the integrity of the LHPA axis in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have shown more variable diurnal regulation and a pattern of enhanced responsivity to stress. There is also evidence of more marked reactivity over development suggesting that adolescence may be a time of increased risk for enhanced physiological arousal and social stress. The following review briefly summarizes the literature to date on autism, adolescence and salivary cortisol. The current summary suggests that enhanced study of the interplay between social functioning and stress during the adolescent period in ASD is warranted.

青春期是童年和成年之间的过渡时期，是生理、心理和社会发生显著变化的时期。在这一动态转变过程中，各种生理变化同时发生，这在临界-丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴（LHPA）的调节和反应中表现得十分明显。具体来说，有报道称昼夜基础皮质醇水平升高，以及皮质醇对感知到的压力源做出更高的反应。虽然这种反应能力的增强可能有助于个体做好准备，以适应更高的要求和新的挑战，但对于自闭症等已经容易出现生理唤醒增强和对变化的适应能力较差的人群来说，这也可能标志着一个更加脆弱的时期。迄今为止，大多数调查自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童 LHPA 轴完整性的研究都显示，昼夜节律调节更不稳定，对压力的反应也更强烈。还有证据表明，随着年龄的增长，反应性会更加明显，这表明青春期可能是生理唤醒和社会压力增强风险增加的时期。以下综述简要总结了迄今为止有关自闭症、青春期和唾液皮质醇的文献。目前的总结表明，有必要加强对自闭症患者青春期社会功能和压力之间相互作用的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Autism genes keep turning up chromatin. 自闭症基因不断增加染色质。

OA autism

Pub Date : 2013-06-19 DOI: 10.13172/2052-7810-1-2-610

Janine M Lasalle

Autism-spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex genetic disorders collectively characterized by impaired social interactions and language as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Of the hundreds of genes implicated in ASD, those encoding proteins acting at neuronal synapses have been most characterized by candidate gene studies. However, recent unbiased genome-wide analyses have turned up a multitude of novel candidate genes encoding nuclear factors implicated in chromatin remodeling, histone demethylation, histone variants, and the recognition of DNA methylation. Furthermore, the chromatin landscape of the human genome has been shown to influence the location of de novo mutations observed in ASD as well as the landscape of DNA methylation underlying neurodevelopmental and synaptic processes. Understanding the interactions of nuclear chromatin proteins and DNA with signal transduction pathways and environmental influences in the developing brain will be critical to understanding the relevance of these ASD candidate genes and continued uncovering of the "roots" of autism etiology.

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种复杂的遗传疾病，其总体特征是社交互动和语言障碍，以及重复和限制性行为。在涉及ASD的数百个基因中，那些编码作用于神经元突触的蛋白质的基因在候选基因研究中最具特征。然而，最近无偏倚的全基因组分析已经发现了许多新的候选基因，这些基因编码涉及染色质重塑、组蛋白去甲基化、组蛋白变异和DNA甲基化识别的核因子。此外，人类基因组的染色质格局已被证明影响ASD中观察到的新生突变的位置，以及神经发育和突触过程中DNA甲基化的格局。了解核染色质蛋白和DNA与发育中的大脑信号转导途径和环境影响的相互作用，对于理解这些ASD候选基因的相关性和继续揭示自闭症病因的“根源”至关重要。

引用次数: 63

Adolescence, Stress and Cortisol in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 自闭症谱系障碍的青春期、压力和皮质醇。

OA autism

Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.13172/2052-7810-1-1-348

B. Corbett, David M. Simon

青春期是童年和成年之间的过渡时期，是生理、心理和社会发生显著变化的时期。各种生理变化与这种动态转变相吻合，这在边缘-下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(LHPA)轴的调节和反应性中表现得很明显。具体来说，据报道，日基础皮质醇水平升高，以及对感知压力源的反应中皮质醇升高。虽然这种增强的反应能力可能有助于个人准备好适应增加的需求和新的挑战，但它也可能标志着已经倾向于增强生理唤起和对变化适应能力差的人群(如自闭症)的脆弱性增加。迄今为止，大多数关于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童LHPA轴完整性的研究表明，LHPA轴的昼夜调节更加多变，对压力的反应能力也有所增强。也有证据表明，发育过程中更明显的反应性表明，青春期可能是生理觉醒和社会压力增强的风险增加的时期。以下综述简要总结了迄今为止关于自闭症、青春期和唾液皮质醇的文献。目前的总结表明，有必要加强对自闭症青少年时期社会功能和压力之间相互作用的研究。

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引用次数: 35

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