China health review最新文献

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Challenges and Opportunities to Conduct Cancer Care Research in China: Experience from a Pilot Project. 在中国开展癌症治疗研究的挑战与机遇:来自试点项目的经验。

China health review

Pub Date : 2014-12-29

Nengliang Yao, Xiaojie Sun

Background: Cancer has become the leading cause of death in China. Effective cancer control and population science research programs are desperately needed in China. China Medical Board (CMB) funding has provided us with an opportunity to build a research team specializing in cancer care utilization and access research and demonstrate the usefulness of the accrued data. Their CMB project will describe patterns of cancer screening, incidence, and treatment in Shandong Province in China and enable the researchers to understand possible causes of disparities in cancer control in China. Yao initiated his research of cancer care in China as a PhD student when he was at The Pennsylvania State University but could not find any cancer related public data.

Findings: Although CMB projects do not provide salary support for American faculty, they do provide Chinese scholars in the US an excellent opportunity to help improve health care in China. There are many challenges and opportunities in health care service and utilization research. For example, public data for this type of research does not exist. They had to acquire secondary data from several governmental organizations. They have reconciled regional variations in data management. Once they acquired all the data, They could create the most comprehensive cancer access, utilization, and outcomes research database to date in China and possibly expand this research in Shandong and other provinces. Students and analysts need to be trained to ensure the confidentiality of data linked to personal identifiers of patients and providers. They have also discovered holes in the data. Students and analysts will need to learn to manipulate and analyze large scale, messy, secondary data.

Discussion: They hope that their key findings will identify innovative scientific opportunities to improve cancer control and reduce inequities in communities. They intend to write Chinese articles and reports to disseminate findings to communities, policy makers, and health care providers and to the scientific community. From the policy perspective, this study is a demonstration project drawing policy makers' attention to the importance of comprehensive cancer prevention and control data collection, both for accurate assessment and informed decision making with a high likelihood to effect desired change.

背景:癌症已成为中国死亡的首要原因。中国迫切需要有效的癌症控制和人口科学研究项目。中国医学委员会(CMB)的资助为我们提供了一个机会，建立一个专门从事癌症治疗利用和获取研究的研究团队，并展示累积数据的有用性。他们的CMB项目将描述中国山东省的癌症筛查、发病率和治疗模式，并使研究人员能够了解中国癌症控制差异的可能原因。姚在宾夕法尼亚州立大学读博士时就开始了他对中国癌症护理的研究，但他没有找到任何与癌症相关的公开数据。研究发现:虽然CMB项目不为美国教师提供薪酬支持，但它确实为在美中国学者提供了一个帮助改善中国医疗保健的绝佳机会。卫生服务与利用研究面临着诸多挑战和机遇。例如，这类研究的公开数据并不存在。他们不得不从几个政府组织获得辅助数据。它们调和了数据管理方面的地区差异。一旦他们获得了所有的数据，他们就可以创建迄今为止中国最全面的癌症获取、利用和结果研究数据库，并可能将这项研究扩展到山东和其他省份。学生和分析人员需要接受培训，以确保与患者和提供者的个人标识符相关的数据的保密性。他们还发现了数据中的漏洞。学生和分析师将需要学会处理和分析大规模、混乱的二手数据。讨论:他们希望他们的关键发现将确定创新的科学机会，以改善癌症控制和减少社区中的不平等。他们打算撰写中文文章和报告，向社区、决策者、卫生保健提供者和科学界传播研究结果。从政策角度来看，本研究是一个示范项目，让政策制定者注意到全面的癌症预防和控制数据收集的重要性，无论是准确的评估还是明智的决策，都很可能产生预期的变化。

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HETEROGENEITY IN TREATMENT EFFECT AND COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH. 治疗效果的异质性及比较疗效研究。

China health review

Pub Date : 2011-10-01

Zhehui Luo

The ultimate goal of comparative effectiveness research (CER) is to develop and disseminate evidence-based information about which interventions are most effective for which patients under what circumstances. To achieve this goal it is crucial that researchers in methodology development find appropriate methods for detecting the presence and sources of heterogeneity in treatment effect (HTE). Comparing with the typically reported average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized controlled trials and non-experimental (i.e., observational) studies, identifying and reporting HTE better reflect the nature and purposes of CER. Methodologies of CER include meta-analysis, systematic review, design of experiments that encompasses HTE, and statistical correction of various types of estimation bias, which is the focus of this review.

比较有效性研究(CER)的最终目标是开发和传播基于证据的信息，以确定哪些干预措施在何种情况下对哪些患者最有效。为了实现这一目标，研究人员在方法学发展中找到适当的方法来检测治疗效果(HTE)异质性的存在和来源是至关重要的。与随机对照试验和非实验(即观察性)研究中典型报道的平均治疗效果(ATE)相比，识别和报道HTE更能反映CER的性质和目的。CER的方法包括荟萃分析、系统评价、包含HTE的实验设计以及各种估计偏差的统计校正，这是本文的重点。

引用次数: 0

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