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Protecting children最新文献

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A social model for protecting children: changing our thinking? 保护儿童的社会模式:改变我们的思维?
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447332732.003.0005
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter examines the evolution of the social model for child protection in areas such as disability and mental health. In these domains, there has been a very clear ‘other’ to which the social model was responding — medicine and the notion of biological damage. Similar individualised and pathologised stories are dominating thinking about child protection. It is thus timely to discuss the understanding of the possibilities presented by the notion of a social model for protecting children. The chapter then considers the key interrelated elements of reworking a social model: understanding and tackling root causes; rethinking the role of the state; developing relationship-based practice and co-production; and embedding a dialogic approach to ethics and human rights in policy and practice.
本章探讨了残疾和心理健康等领域儿童保护社会模式的演变。在这些领域,社会模型对一个非常明确的“另一个”做出了回应——医学和生物损伤的概念。类似的个性化和病态的故事正在主导着对儿童保护的思考。因此,讨论对保护儿童的社会模式概念所带来的可能性的理解是及时的。然后,本章考虑了重新构建社会模式的关键相互关联的要素:理解和解决根本原因;重新思考国家的作用;发展基于关系的实践和合作生产;以及在政策和实践中采用对话方式处理道德和人权问题。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction 介绍
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447332732.003.0001
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, Sue White
This introductory chapter provides a background of child protection and its intersection with wider social policies and social trends. The modern child protection system emerged in the 1960s, rooted in a concern to stop babies dying or being ‘battered’ by parents who were considered to be suffering from a lack of empathic mothering in their own lives. Poverty, bad housing, and other social factors were screened out as holding helpful explanatory value in relation to why some babies were seriously harmed by their carers. From those beginnings, rooted in care for babies who were powerless and voiceless, and compassion for emotionally deprived parents, the system has expanded enormously in terms of remit, research base, influence, and power within a complex and changing society. The chapter then considers the core aspects and assumptions behind the welfare state and the emergence of a discourse around individual responsibility and risk that encompasses cause, consequence, and attribution.
这一导论章提供了儿童保护的背景及其与更广泛的社会政策和社会趋势的交集。现代儿童保护制度出现于20世纪60年代,其根源在于防止婴儿死亡或被父母“殴打”,这些父母被认为在自己的生活中缺乏同情心。贫困、恶劣的住房和其他社会因素被筛选出来,作为解释为什么一些婴儿被照顾者严重伤害的有用的解释价值。从一开始,这个系统就植根于对无能为力和没有发言权的婴儿的照顾,以及对情感上被剥夺的父母的同情,在一个复杂和不断变化的社会中,这个系统在职权、研究基础、影响力和权力方面都得到了极大的扩展。然后,本章考虑了福利国家背后的核心方面和假设,以及围绕个人责任和风险的话语的出现,其中包括原因、后果和归因。
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引用次数: 1
Crafting different stories: changing minds and hearts 制作不同的故事:改变思想和心灵
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447332732.003.0008
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter assesses how one might change the conversation on child protection. It explores the specific issues of seeking to effect social change within a ‘post-truth’ climate and discusses how one might draw from work in social psychology, cognitive linguistics, and the sociology of emotions to learn the craft of telling stories. It has long been clear that hurling ‘facts’ in the form of statistics at people is likely to change very few minds. Rather than facts and pie charts, it is stories that have the power to animate people and bring them together to change the world. Organisations such as the New Economics Foundation, the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC), and the Joseph Rowntree Foundation have been using methodologies derived from framing theory to explore how different stories could be crafted on poverty, child abuse, and neglect.
本章评估了如何改变关于儿童保护的对话。它探讨了在“后真相”气候下寻求影响社会变革的具体问题,并讨论了人们如何从社会心理学、认知语言学和情感社会学的工作中吸取教训,学习讲故事的技巧。很明显,以统计数据的形式向人们抛出“事实”可能不会改变多少人的想法。比起事实和饼状图,故事更有力量激励人们,让他们团结起来改变世界。新经济基金会、全国防止虐待儿童协会(NSPCC)和约瑟夫·朗特里基金会等组织一直在使用框架理论衍生的方法来探索如何制作关于贫困、虐待儿童和忽视的不同故事。
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引用次数: 1
Building better people: policy aspirations and family life 建设更美好的人民:政策愿望和家庭生活
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447332732.003.0003
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter discusses the residual, but strongly legitimised, role for the state in preventing damage to children, which carries high levels of criticism for those parents seen as failing to optimise their child's developmental potential. The idea that childhood experiences are important and can be formative clearly has a common-sense truth to it and obviously, traumatic experiences in childhood will have lasting impacts. However, a vocabulary has emerged in which notions of toxic parenting and the quest for optimum developmental flourishing create new mandates for the state to act. The chapter then argues that these are necessary to explain the sharp rises in national rates of child removal, particularly the permanent removal of very small children, documented over the last decade. They also contribute to service fragmentation by privileging intervention in the early years in the form of ‘evidence-based’ parenting programmes.
本章讨论了国家在防止对儿童的伤害方面的残余但强烈合法化的作用,这对那些被视为未能优化孩子发展潜力的父母来说是高度批评的。童年经历很重要,可以形成,这一观点显然有一个常识性的道理,很明显,童年时期的创伤经历会产生持久的影响。然而,一个词汇已经出现,在这个词汇中,有毒的育儿观念和对最佳发展繁荣的追求为国家的行动创造了新的授权。然后,本章认为,有必要解释过去十年中记录的全国儿童迁移率的急剧上升,特别是对非常年幼儿童的永久迁移。他们还通过在早期以“循证”育儿计划的形式进行干预,导致服务碎片化。
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引用次数: 1
Trouble ahead? Contending discourses in child protection 麻烦吗?关于儿童保护的争论
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447332732.003.0002
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter traces the history of attempts to improve the way families look after children using the UK system as an exemplar. As part of an increasingly residual role, the child protection system has become narrowly focused on an atomised child, severed from family, relationships, and social circumstances: a precarious object of ‘prevention’, or rescue. As its categories and definitions have gradually grown, the gap between child protection services and family support has widened. This has a number of antecedents. First, with the exception of a few decades of the 20th century, history shows a strong tendency towards individual social engineering to produce model citizens, with parenting practices the primary focus of state attention. Second, the post-war welfare consensus has withered in the face of market enchantment and a burgeoning commissioning paradigm.
本章以英国制度为例,追溯了试图改善家庭照顾儿童方式的历史。儿童保护系统的残余物越来越多,它只关注孤立的儿童,脱离家庭、人际关系和社会环境,成为“预防”或拯救的不稳定对象。随着其类别和定义逐渐增加,儿童保护服务和家庭支助之间的差距也扩大了。这有很多先例。首先,除了20世纪的几十年,历史显示出一种强烈的趋势,即个体社会工程产生模范公民,而养育实践是国家关注的主要焦点。其次,在市场魅力和新兴的委托模式面前,战后福利共识已经枯萎。
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引用次数: 1
Domestic abuse: a case study 家庭虐待:个案研究
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447332732.003.0007
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter focuses on domestic abuse. The recognition that poverty is a factor in domestic abuse and is linked to men's perceptions of the breadwinner role suggests how vital it is to understand and engage with social constructions of masculinity. Overall, given the extensive evidence that has emerged of the focus by child welfare and protection systems on deprived populations, the levels of domestic abuse that are commonly to be found in families subject to child protection processes are to be expected and add fuel to the concerns about the invisibility of poverty in contemporary child protection policies and practices. Moreover, a range of system interventions can either trap women in abusive relationships or be a driver of their vulnerability to poverty post separation. This reinforces the need to critically interrogate the implications of system interactions including child protection systems.
本章的重点是家庭暴力。认识到贫穷是家庭暴力的一个因素,并与男子对养家糊口角色的看法有关,这表明理解和参与社会对男子气概的建构是多么重要。总的来说,鉴于大量证据表明儿童福利和保护制度把重点放在贫困人口上,在接受儿童保护程序的家庭中普遍存在的家庭虐待程度是可以预料到的,这加剧了人们对当代儿童保护政策和做法中忽视贫困问题的关注。此外,一系列系统干预措施可能使妇女陷入受虐待的关系,也可能使她们在分居后更容易陷入贫困。这加强了对包括儿童保护系统在内的系统相互作用的影响进行批判性审查的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
A social model: experiences in practice 社会模式:实践经验
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447332732.003.0006
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter suggests some approaches to practice and offers examples of alternative models for child protection. Within a social model for protecting children, a multi-dimensional and contextualised understanding of social problems is required, as are services and professional practice which address the lack of material, social, and symbolic capital that cause harm to children and their families. For individual social workers working with individual families, as a start this means assessments, reports, and plans recognise and highlight the structural underpinnings of families' hardships, making them visible to professionals and to the families who are the subject of the assessment/report. There can be a recognition that solutions to problems are not only about individual change, but also reflect the impact of social and economic environments on individuals and families. However, all these developments are difficult in risk-focused case work approaches. The recent turn towards strengths-based case work may open up possibilities.
本章提出了一些实践方法,并举例说明了儿童保护的替代模式。在保护儿童的社会模式中,需要对社会问题进行多维度和情境化的理解,解决物质、社会和象征资本缺乏对儿童及其家庭造成伤害的问题的服务和专业实践也是如此。对于与个别家庭合作的个别社会工作者来说,首先,这意味着评估、报告和计划要认识到并强调家庭困难的结构性基础,使专业人员和评估/报告对象的家庭都能看到这些基础。人们可以认识到,解决问题不仅关乎个人的改变,还反映了社会和经济环境对个人和家庭的影响。然而,在以风险为重点的个案工作方法中,所有这些发展都很困难。最近转向基于优势的案例工作可能会带来一些可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Family experiences of care and protection services: the good, the bad and the hopeful 护理和保护服务的家庭经历:好的、坏的和有希望的
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447332732.003.0004
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, S. White
This chapter explores the experiences of families enmeshed in child welfare systems. Stories of pain, hurt, betrayal, and violence are told to professionals everyday. However, a key theme of this book is a concern that the language and theoretical and practice tools available to them are impoverished and increasingly inadequate. This is partly due to the inadequacy of a model that translates need to risk routinely, colonises a variety of sorrows and troubles within a child protection frame, and has abandoned or lost a sense of the contexts — economic and social — in which so many are living lives of quiet desperation. The chapter draws on a number of studies conducted by the authors, in particular a detailed study of families and their experiences of welfare services; and an enquiry on the role of the social worker in adoption, ethics, and human rights, which looked at the perspectives of birth families, adoptive parents, and adopted young people.
本章探讨了陷入儿童福利制度的家庭的经历。每天都有人向专业人士讲述痛苦、伤害、背叛和暴力的故事。然而,这本书的一个关键主题是一个关注的语言和理论和实践工具,可用于他们是贫困和日益不足。这在一定程度上是由于一种模式的不足,这种模式转化为需要经常冒险,在儿童保护框架内殖民各种悲伤和麻烦,并且已经放弃或失去了对经济和社会背景的认识,在这些背景中,如此多的人过着平静的绝望生活。本章引用了作者进行的一些研究,特别是对家庭及其福利服务经验的详细研究;以及一项关于社会工作者在收养、伦理和人权方面的作用的调查,该调查从出生家庭、养父母和被收养的年轻人的角度进行了研究。
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引用次数: 1
Concluding thoughts 最后的想法
Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447332732.003.0009
B. Featherstone, Anna Gupta, Kate Morris, Sue White
This concluding chapter argues that, in order to do differently, people need bigger conversations that involve those from a range of endeavours and disciplines and all those concerned with, and impacted by, child protection. In social work, talking about the relationship between child abuse, neglect, and poverty is currently framed by notions of reinforcing or avoiding stigmatising or oppressive generalisations. However, accepting that poverty means it is more likely that children may be harmed means the societal and individual value of reducing child and family poverty becomes clearer. Poverty is a child protection matter and social work needs a conversation about what this means for the knowledge base and everyday practices. The chapter then explores some possibilities for democratising conversations more generally.
本结论章认为,为了采取不同的做法,人们需要更广泛的对话,让来自一系列努力和学科的人以及所有关心儿童保护并受到儿童保护影响的人参与进来。在社会工作中,谈论虐待儿童、忽视儿童和贫困之间的关系目前被强化或避免污名化或压迫性概括的概念所框定。然而,接受贫困意味着儿童更有可能受到伤害,意味着减少儿童和家庭贫困的社会和个人价值变得更加明确。贫困是一个保护儿童的问题,社会工作需要讨论这对知识库和日常实践意味着什么。然后,本章探讨了更广泛地实现对话民主化的一些可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of a Collaborative Community-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Initiative. 基于社区的儿童虐待预防合作倡议的评估。
Pub Date : 2010-01-01
Katie D Rosanbalm, Kenneth A Dodge, Robert Murphy, Karen O'Donnell, Christina Christopoulos, Shayala Williams Gibbs, Karen Appleyard, Deborah Daro
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Protecting children
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