Hawaii journal of public health最新文献

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Body Ideals and Body Dissatisfaction Among a Community Sample of Ethnically Diverse Adolescents on Kauai, Hawaii. 夏威夷考艾岛不同种族青少年社区样本中的身体理想和身体不满意度。

Hawaii journal of public health

Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Tiffany K Niide, James Davis, Alice M Tse, Chris Derauf, Rosanne C Harrigan, Alayne Yates

Introduction: Body dissatisfaction (BD), a risk factor for eating disorders, is occurring at younger ages and among a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural groups.

Objective: To describe body ideals and prevalence of body satisfaction among an ethnically diverse population of male and female students in Hawaii.

Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional survey including biographical information and the figure drawing screen was distributed to 7^th through 12^th grade students.

Results: Of the 1330 completed surveys, 19% of students were significantly dissatisfied with their bodies. Males were at greater risk than females for total BD (25.8% vs. 13.3%; p<0.001) and for BD in the direction of wanting to be larger (11.3% vs. 2.3%; p<0.001). Males and females were at similar risk for BD in the direction of wanting to be thinner (14.6% vs. 11.6%; p=0.11). Prevalence of BD in the direction of wanting to be thinner was significantly different (p<0.05) among ethnic groups. There were no significant differences in BD based on grade level or SES.

Conclusions: BD exists among nearly 1 out of 5 adolescents, with differing patterns for males and females, and with certain ethnic groups being at higher risk.

Implications: Studies to understand risk and protective factors by sex and among different ethnic groups may help generate tailored prevention strategies. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional BD seen in males and potential outcomes.

导言：身体不满意（Body dissatisfaction，BD）是导致饮食失调的一个风险因素，其发生年龄越来越小，而且广泛存在于不同的社会经济和文化群体中：描述夏威夷不同种族男女学生的身体理想和身体满意度：方法：向七年级到十二年级的学生发放一份匿名横截面调查问卷，其中包括个人简历信息和人体素描屏幕：结果：在完成的 1330 份调查问卷中，19% 的学生对自己的身体明显不满意。在总体不满意度方面，男生的风险高于女生（25.8% 对 13.3%；p 结论：每 5 个学生中就有近 1 个对自己的身体不满意：每 5 名青少年中就有将近 1 人存在 BD，男性和女性的 BD 模式不同，某些种族群体的 BD 风险更高：研究了解不同性别和不同种族群体的风险和保护因素，有助于制定有针对性的预防策略。还需要进一步研究，以更好地了解男性双向 BD 的内在机制和潜在结果。

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引用次数: 0

Areca (Betel) Nut Chewing Practices in Micronesian Populations. 密克罗尼西亚人咀嚼槟榔的习惯。

Hawaii journal of public health

Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Yvette C Paulino, Rachel Novotny, Mary Jane Miller, Suzanne P Murphy

Objective: To describe the areca nut/betel quid chewing practices of Micronesian chewers living in Guam.

Design: Two studies were conducted using qualitative data from focus groups and quantitative cross-sectional data from the 2007 Guam Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Ten focus groups included 49 men and women aged 18-60 years living in Guam in 2007. Participants were areca nut/betel quid chewers selected to reflect Guam's age and ethnic group (Chamorro, Chuukese, Palauan, and Yapese) distributions. Salient themes were extracted from transcripts of the sessions by three expert reviewers. A second method, latent class analysis, was used to identify unique groups of chewers. The groups were then compared on demographics and chewing-related behaviors.

Results: Areca nut and betel quid recipes collected from the focus groups showed that Chamorros had a preference for the ripe nut and swallowed the nut, whereas, the Chuukese, Palauan, and Yapese groups preferred the unripe nut and did not swallow it. Similarly, latent class analysis resulted in the identification of two groups of areca nut/betel quid chewers. Group 1 was all Chamorros. Compared to Group 2, the chewers in Group 1 preferred red and ripe nuts, did not add slake lime (calcium hydroxide) or tobacco, and swallowed the masticated areca nut (with or without Piper betle leaf).

Conclusion: The quantitative analysis confirmed the qualitative exploration of areca nut/betel quid chewers in Guam, thus providing evidence that chewing practices vary among Micronesian populations.

Implication: If future research should include an intervention, the differences in chewing practices among Micronesian populations should be taken into consideration to ensure programmatic success.

目的描述居住在关岛的密克罗尼西亚咀嚼者咀嚼山苍子/贝特类坚果的习惯：利用焦点小组的定性数据和 2007 年关岛行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 的定量横截面数据进行了两项研究。10 个焦点小组包括 2007 年居住在关岛的 49 名 18-60 岁的男性和女性。参与者均为咀嚼亚麻坚果/贝特类坚果的人，他们的选择反映了关岛的年龄和民族（查莫罗人、丘克人、帕劳人和雅浦人）分布情况。三位专家评审员从会议记录中提取了突出主题。第二种方法是潜类分析法，用于识别独特的咀嚼者群体。然后对这些群体的人口统计学和咀嚼相关行为进行比较：从焦点小组收集到的阿月浑子和槟榔食谱显示，查莫罗人偏爱成熟的坚果，并将其吞下，而丘克人、帕劳人和雅浦人则偏爱未成熟的坚果，不将其吞下。同样，通过潜类分析，确定了两组咀嚼亚麻坚果/贝特类坚果的人。第 1 组全部是查莫罗人。与第 2 组相比，第 1 组的咀嚼者更喜欢红色和成熟的坚果，不添加石灰（氢氧化钙）或烟草，并吞咽咀嚼过的槟榔（含或不含蒌叶）：定量分析证实了对关岛咀嚼槟榔/槟榔叶者的定性探索，从而提供了密克罗尼西亚人口咀嚼习惯各不相同的证据：如果今后的研究应包括干预措施，则应考虑到密克罗尼西亚人口咀嚼习惯的差异，以确保计划取得成功。

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