Imke Janssen, Alan L Landay, Kristine Ruppert, Lynda H Powell
Moderate wine consumption has been associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk, but most investigations have been conducted in Caucasian populations. To investigate the relationship of wine consumption to CV risk markers, we studied a multi-ethnic sample of middle-aged, healthy women (N = 2900; 48% white, 28% black, 7% Hispanic, 8% Chinese, 9% Japanese) participating in SWAN over 7 years with repeated assessments of CV risk factors. Consumption of wine was stable and common with 20% reporting none, 69% light (<1/day), 7% moderate ( = 1/day), and 4% heavy (>1/day). To guard against underreporting, we took the maximum reported wine consumption over 7 years as the predictor. We used mixed models with a random intercept and random time to assess the relationship between wine consumption and CV risk factors with moderate consumption as the reference. Outcome variables were log-transformed where necessary. Longitudinal models were adjusted for ethnicity, age, and time-varying menopausal status, hormone therapy use, overall alcohol consumption, high density lipoprotein (HDL), statin use, and a healthy lifestyle score based on physical activity, not smoking, and weight maintenance. Interactions of wine consumption with time were not significant. Moderate wine consumers had significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP, p < .001), fibrinogen (p < .001), factor VII (p < .01), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1, p < .05) than women who drank no or little wine. These associations were independent of significant effects of healthy lifestyle and overall alcohol consumption and similar across ethnic groups. Moderate wine consumption may protect against CVD via inflammatory and clotting pathways.
适度饮酒与降低心血管(CV)风险有关，但大多数调查都是在高加索人群中进行的。为了研究葡萄酒消费与心血管危险指标的关系，我们研究了多民族中年健康女性样本(N = 2900;48%的白人，28%的黑人，7%的西班牙裔，8%的中国人，9%的日本人)在7年的时间里参与了SWAN，并反复评估了CV危险因素。葡萄酒的消费是稳定和普遍的，20%的人表示没有，69%的人表示很少(一天1次)。为了防止漏报，我们将7年内报告的最大葡萄酒消费量作为预测指标。我们采用随机截距和随机时间的混合模型，以适度饮酒为参考，评估葡萄酒消费量与CV危险因素之间的关系。必要时对结果变量进行对数变换。纵向模型根据种族、年龄、随时间变化的绝经状态、激素治疗使用、总体酒精摄入量、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、他汀类药物使用和基于身体活动、不吸烟和体重维持的健康生活方式评分进行调整。葡萄酒消费量与时间的相互作用不显著。适度饮酒者的c反应蛋白(CRP, p < 0.001)、纤维蛋白原(p < 0.001)、因子VII (p < 0.01)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1, p < 0.05)水平明显低于不饮酒或很少饮酒的女性。这些关联独立于健康生活方式和整体酒精消费的显著影响，并且在不同种族之间相似。适量饮用葡萄酒可以通过炎症和凝血途径预防心血管疾病。
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