Psychopathology review最新文献

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Aetiological influences on stability and change in emotional and behavioural problems across development: a systematic review. 情绪和行为问题在整个成长过程中的稳定性和变化的病因影响：系统综述。

Psychopathology review

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.5127/pr.038315

L J Hannigan, N Walaker, M A Waszczuk, T A McAdams, T C Eley

Emotional and behavioural problems in childhood and adolescence can be chronic and are predictive of future psychiatric problems. Understanding what factors drive the development and maintenance of these problems is therefore crucial. Longitudinal behavioural genetic studies using twin, sibling or adoption data can be used to explore the developmental aetiology of stability and change in childhood and adolescent psychopathology. We present a systematic review of longitudinal, behavioural genetic analyses of emotional and behavioural problems between ages 0 to 18 years. We identified 58 studies, of which 19 examined emotional problems, 30 examined behavioural problems, and 9 examined both. In the majority of studies, stability in emotional and behavioural problems was primarily genetically influenced. Stable environmental factors were also widely found, although these typically played a smaller role. Both genetic and environmental factors were involved in change across development. We discuss the findings in the context of the wider developmental literature and make recommendations for future research.

童年和青少年时期的情绪和行为问题可能会长期存在，并预示着未来的精神问题。因此，了解是哪些因素导致了这些问题的发展和维持至关重要。利用双胞胎、同胞或收养数据进行的纵向行为遗传研究可用于探索儿童和青少年精神病理学稳定和变化的发展病因。我们对 0 至 18 岁期间情绪和行为问题的纵向行为遗传分析进行了系统回顾。我们确定了 58 项研究，其中 19 项研究分析了情绪问题，30 项研究分析了行为问题，9 项研究同时分析了这两种问题。在大多数研究中，情绪和行为问题的稳定性主要受基因影响。稳定的环境因素也被广泛发现，尽管这些因素通常作用较小。遗传和环境因素都参与了整个发展过程中的变化。我们结合更广泛的发育文献对研究结果进行了讨论，并对未来的研究提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Latent Factor Structure of DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. DSM-5 创伤后应激障碍的潜因结构。

Psychopathology review

Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5127/pr.035914

Emily Gentes, Paul A Dennis, Nathan A Kimbrel, Angela C Kirby, Lauren P Hair, Jean C Beckham, Patrick S Calhoun

The current study examined the latent factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on DSM-5 criteria in a sample of participants (N = 374) recruited for studies on trauma and health. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to compare the fit of the previous 3-factor DSM-IV model of PTSD to the 4-factor model specified in DSM-5 as well as to a competing 4-factor "dysphoria" model (Simms, Watson, & Doebbeling, 2002) and a 5-factor (Elhai et al., 2011) model of PTSD. Results indicated that the Elhai 5-factor model (re-experiencing, active avoidance, emotional numbing, dysphoric arousal, anxious arousal) provided the best fit to the data, although substantial support was demonstrated for the DSM-5 4-factor model. Low factor loadings were noted for two of the symptoms in the DSM-5 model (psychogenic amnesia and reckless/self-destructive behavior), which raises questions regarding the adequacy of fit of these symptoms with other core features of the disorder. Overall, the findings from the present research suggest the DSM-5 model of PTSD is a significant improvement over the previous DSM-IV model of PTSD.

本研究根据 DSM-5 标准，对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的潜在因素结构进行了研究，研究对象是为创伤与健康研究而招募的参与者样本（N = 374）。我们使用了确证因子分析（CFA）来比较 PTSD 先前的 3 因子 DSM-IV 模型与 DSM-5 中规定的 4 因子模型的拟合程度，以及与竞争性 4 因子 "焦虑症 "模型（Simms、Watson 和 Doebbeling，2002 年）和 PTSD 的 5 因子模型（Elhai 等人，2011 年）的拟合程度。结果表明，Elhai 5 因子模型（重新体验、主动回避、情感麻木、焦虑唤醒、焦虑唤醒）与数据的拟合度最高，尽管 DSM-5 4 因子模型也得到了大量支持。在 DSM-5 模型中，有两个症状（精神性健忘症和鲁莽/自毁行为）的因子负荷较低，这让人怀疑这些症状与该障碍的其他核心特征是否匹配。总体而言，本研究的结果表明，DSM-5 模型中的创伤后应激障碍比之前 DSM-IV 模型中的创伤后应激障碍有了显著改善。

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引用次数: 0

The Brave New World of Personality Disorder-Trait Specified: Effects of Additional Definitions on Coverage, Prevalence, and Comorbidity. 人格障碍的美丽新世界-特征指定:附加定义对覆盖率、患病率和合并症的影响。

Psychopathology review

Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5127/pr.036314

Lee Anna Clark, Emily N Vanderbleek, Jaime L Shapiro, Hallie Nuzum, Xia Allen, Elizabeth Daly, Thomas J Kingsbury, Morgan Oiler, Eunyoe Ro

The alternative dimensional model for personality disorder (PD) in DSM-5, Section III (DSM-5-III) includes two main criteria: (A) personality-functioning impairment, and (B) personality-trait pathology; provides specific functioning-and-trait criteria for six PD-type diagnoses; and introduces PD-trait specified (PD-TS), which requires meeting the general PD criteria and not meeting criteria for any specific PD type. We termed this Simple PD-TS and developed two additional definitions: Mixed PD-TS, meeting criteria for one or two PD types and having five or more additional pathological traits; and Complex PD-TS, meeting criteria for three or more PD types. In a mixed sample of 165 outpatients and 215 community adults screened to be at high-risk for PD, we investigated the effect of these additional definitions on prevalence, coverage, comorbidity, and within-diagnosis heterogeneity, and conclude that eliminating the PD-type diagnoses and thus having PD-TS as the only PD diagnosis would be both more parsimonious and more useful clinically.

DSM-5第三部分中人格障碍(PD)的替代维度模型包括两个主要标准:(A)人格功能障碍，(B)人格特质病理;为6种pd型诊断提供了具体的功能和特征标准;并引入PD-trait指定(PD- ts)，它要求满足一般PD标准，而不满足任何特定PD类型的标准。我们将其命名为简单PD- ts，并发展了两个额外的定义:混合型PD- ts，符合一种或两种PD类型的标准，并具有五种或更多的附加病理特征;和复杂PD- ts，满足三种或更多PD类型的标准。在一个由165名门诊患者和215名社区成人筛查的PD高危人群组成的混合样本中，我们调查了这些附加定义对患病率、覆盖率、合共病和诊断异质性的影响，并得出结论，消除PD类型诊断，从而将PD- ts作为唯一的PD诊断将更简洁，在临床上更有用。

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引用次数: 29

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