Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2022.1078
B. S
Purpose: Menisci are fibrocartilage formations that have multiple functional roles in the knee joint. After the better understanding of their function and also the observations of the changes of the knee joint after their removal, such as osteoarthritic changes, instability and changes on the allocation of the weight, a solution of repairing the tear was a demand. Methods: In our effort to conclude in one treatment protocol according to the meniscal tears we reviewed the literature for all the review articles of comparing methods of several suturing techniques of the meniscal tears. Results and Conclusions: After reviewing all these articles someone could conclude that simple sutures, mostly horizontal but also vertical have more stability and they are a good and trustable solution for the suturing of a meniscal tears. They demand then very good technique and a lot of surgical time. These very important disadvantages try to solve the various meniscal implants, but with a lower stability so far.
{"title":"Treatment Protocol According to the Meniscal Tears: A Review the Literature for all Comparing Methods","authors":"B. S","doi":"10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2022.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2022.1078","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Menisci are fibrocartilage formations that have multiple functional roles in the knee joint. After the better understanding of their function and also the observations of the changes of the knee joint after their removal, such as osteoarthritic changes, instability and changes on the allocation of the weight, a solution of repairing the tear was a demand. Methods: In our effort to conclude in one treatment protocol according to the meniscal tears we reviewed the literature for all the review articles of comparing methods of several suturing techniques of the meniscal tears. Results and Conclusions: After reviewing all these articles someone could conclude that simple sutures, mostly horizontal but also vertical have more stability and they are a good and trustable solution for the suturing of a meniscal tears. They demand then very good technique and a lot of surgical time. These very important disadvantages try to solve the various meniscal implants, but with a lower stability so far.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1074
Verma Kk, Satarkar Rn, R. R.
Among the fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, fibroadenoma is the most common entity. It is generally present as a mobile lump. Malignancy inside fibroadenoma is very rare, only 0.002% to 0.125% cases are reported which were turned to be malignant. In the present case, a 41-year-old female patient had a history of lumps for 4 years and was previously diagnosed with fibroadenoma. After 4 years of follow-up, it turned to be malignant with a separate tumor nodule outside the fibroepithelial lesion and ductal carcinoma in situ component within it. The unicity of the case is that fibroepithelial lesion shows features of fibroadenoma and phyllodes as well as ductal carcinoma in situ. Most of the axillary lymph nodes also show deposition of tumor cells within it.
{"title":"Fibroadenoma Developing Ductal Carcinoma in situ Component, Associated with Separate Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Lesion: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Verma Kk, Satarkar Rn, R. R.","doi":"10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1074","url":null,"abstract":"Among the fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, fibroadenoma is the most common entity. It is generally present as a mobile lump. Malignancy inside fibroadenoma is very rare, only 0.002% to 0.125% cases are reported which were turned to be malignant. In the present case, a 41-year-old female patient had a history of lumps for 4 years and was previously diagnosed with fibroadenoma. After 4 years of follow-up, it turned to be malignant with a separate tumor nodule outside the fibroepithelial lesion and ductal carcinoma in situ component within it. The unicity of the case is that fibroepithelial lesion shows features of fibroadenoma and phyllodes as well as ductal carcinoma in situ. Most of the axillary lymph nodes also show deposition of tumor cells within it.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 or SARS-Cov-19 has emerged in late 2019 as one of the highly pathogenic transmissible viruses ever known, comprising many features regarding its transmission and manifestations similar to those of its older siblings, SARS and MERS. COVID-19 has caused a pandemic that forced most of the world into isolation after threatening the lives of millions. In this article we shed more light on the structural changes that happens to the lung in the context of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection based on gross examinations and CT scans, moreover, to correlate these changes to mortality rate hoping to identify the prognostic factors by which prognosis of the disease and mortality rate could be expected, higher involvement with higher severity degree in a short span of time indicates poor prognosis and high mortality chance, reviewing the literature data and records showed that the lungs undergo many changes on both macroscopic and microscopic levels (e.g. ground-glass opacity) which relates to the pathogenesis of the disease and manifestations; Most commonly pneumonia in the form of exudation of the lung with hyaline membrane formation rendering most of the lung non-functional causing hypoxemia and anosmia, all these findings that affect the lungs’ functions and lowers blood-oxygen saturation levels play a huge role in defining prognosis of the disease.
{"title":"Structural Changes in the Lung during Covid-19 Infection and Its Effect on Mortality Rate and Prognosis","authors":"Kasem Ms, El-Khsosy Aaf, Sherif Ws, Rashad Nz, Abdelazeem Nh, Teima Me, Sharaf Wk, Shehata Aw, Domouky Am","doi":"10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1073","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 or SARS-Cov-19 has emerged in late 2019 as one of the highly pathogenic transmissible viruses ever known, comprising many features regarding its transmission and manifestations similar to those of its older siblings, SARS and MERS. COVID-19 has caused a pandemic that forced most of the world into isolation after threatening the lives of millions. In this article we shed more light on the structural changes that happens to the lung in the context of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection based on gross examinations and CT scans, moreover, to correlate these changes to mortality rate hoping to identify the prognostic factors by which prognosis of the disease and mortality rate could be expected, higher involvement with higher severity degree in a short span of time indicates poor prognosis and high mortality chance, reviewing the literature data and records showed that the lungs undergo many changes on both macroscopic and microscopic levels (e.g. ground-glass opacity) which relates to the pathogenesis of the disease and manifestations; Most commonly pneumonia in the form of exudation of the lung with hyaline membrane formation rendering most of the lung non-functional causing hypoxemia and anosmia, all these findings that affect the lungs’ functions and lowers blood-oxygen saturation levels play a huge role in defining prognosis of the disease.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.26420/jclinpathol.2021.1072
Czarny K, L. F, Ejeil Al
Canalicular Adenoma (CA) is a benign accessory salivary gland neoplasm. It represents less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. It occurs generally on the upper lips in female patients over 50 years of age. We report a case of canalicular adenoma that arose from buccal minor salivary glands of the upper lip without any symptomatology. Clinically, CA appears as an often single firm mass of 1cm, sparing the main salivary glands which is not pathognomonic of canalicular adenoma. Treatment of choice is enucleation to rule out many differential diagnoses that may present clinically as an asymptomatic nodule. Recurrences are rare. Histological features are characteristic and usually allow a definitive diagnosis to be made with confidence. However, many differential diagnoses remain to be ruled out.
{"title":"A Single Firm Nodule of the Upper Lip: A Case Report","authors":"Czarny K, L. F, Ejeil Al","doi":"10.26420/jclinpathol.2021.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jclinpathol.2021.1072","url":null,"abstract":"Canalicular Adenoma (CA) is a benign accessory salivary gland neoplasm. It represents less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. It occurs generally on the upper lips in female patients over 50 years of age. We report a case of canalicular adenoma that arose from buccal minor salivary glands of the upper lip without any symptomatology. Clinically, CA appears as an often single firm mass of 1cm, sparing the main salivary glands which is not pathognomonic of canalicular adenoma. Treatment of choice is enucleation to rule out many differential diagnoses that may present clinically as an asymptomatic nodule. Recurrences are rare. Histological features are characteristic and usually allow a definitive diagnosis to be made with confidence. However, many differential diagnoses remain to be ruled out.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.26420/jclinpathol.2021.1071
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J
Age related changes in activity of hematopoietic progenitor cells led us to investigate the possibility that glucan supplementation might overcome this suppression. In our study, we focused on differences of these cells in young (8 weeks old) and old (18 months old) mice after supplementation of yeast-derived insoluble glucan. Our results showed significant differences in reconstitution ability of progenitor cells as well as changes in level of stromal cell-derived factor 1α between young and old mice exist and can be partly restored by glucan supplementation.
{"title":"Effects of Glucan Supplementation on Aged Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells","authors":"Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J","doi":"10.26420/jclinpathol.2021.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jclinpathol.2021.1071","url":null,"abstract":"Age related changes in activity of hematopoietic progenitor cells led us to investigate the possibility that glucan supplementation might overcome this suppression. In our study, we focused on differences of these cells in young (8 weeks old) and old (18 months old) mice after supplementation of yeast-derived insoluble glucan. Our results showed significant differences in reconstitution ability of progenitor cells as well as changes in level of stromal cell-derived factor 1α between young and old mice exist and can be partly restored by glucan supplementation.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69278571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1070
Harada H, G. S., Kudo N, N. S, H. K, M. A, Kurose A
The patient was a Japanese female and a former thyroid cancer patient. A computed tomography scan indicated a small mass in the right parotid gland about 14 years after therapy for thyroid cancer. Pleomorphic adenoma was suspected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Three years later, when she was 60 years old, fine needle aspiration cytology failed to determine a diagnosis and superficial parotidectomy was performed. There have been no signs of recurrence or metastasis for about 2 years thereafter. Histological examination revealed two histological types of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and low-grade intraductal carcinoma coexisting within the parotid mass. Although closely located, the two types of carcinoma had not intermingled. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma formed multilocular cystic structures, in which mucous, intermediate, and non-keratinizing squamous cells were intermingled. Exclusively predominant intraductal growth in the intraductal carcinoma showed a combination of cribriform and papillary-cystic patterns and diffuse positive reaction for S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the mucoepidermoid carcinoma had split signals for the MAML2 gene but no split signals were detected for the MAML2 and ETV6 genes in the intraductal carcinoma. We discuss the histomorphological features and diagnostic problems of the present case and the literature is briefly reviewed.
{"title":"Concomitant Low-Grade Mucoepidermoid and Intraductal Carcinomas the Parotid Gland: Case Presentation with a Brief Review","authors":"Harada H, G. S., Kudo N, N. S, H. K, M. A, Kurose A","doi":"10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1070","url":null,"abstract":"The patient was a Japanese female and a former thyroid cancer patient. A computed tomography scan indicated a small mass in the right parotid gland about 14 years after therapy for thyroid cancer. Pleomorphic adenoma was suspected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Three years later, when she was 60 years old, fine needle aspiration cytology failed to determine a diagnosis and superficial parotidectomy was performed. There have been no signs of recurrence or metastasis for about 2 years thereafter. Histological examination revealed two histological types of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and low-grade intraductal carcinoma coexisting within the parotid mass. Although closely located, the two types of carcinoma had not intermingled. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma formed multilocular cystic structures, in which mucous, intermediate, and non-keratinizing squamous cells were intermingled. Exclusively predominant intraductal growth in the intraductal carcinoma showed a combination of cribriform and papillary-cystic patterns and diffuse positive reaction for S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the mucoepidermoid carcinoma had split signals for the MAML2 gene but no split signals were detected for the MAML2 and ETV6 genes in the intraductal carcinoma. We discuss the histomorphological features and diagnostic problems of the present case and the literature is briefly reviewed.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49451513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.26420/JCLINPATHOL.2021.1070
H. Harada, S. Goto, N. Kudo, Nakatsuka Si, A. Matsubara, K. Honma, A. Kurose
The patient was a Japanese female and a former thyroid cancer patient. A computed tomography scan indicated a small mass in the right parotid gland about 14 years after therapy for thyroid cancer. Pleomorphic adenoma was suspected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Three years later, when she was 60 years old, fine needle aspiration cytology failed to determine a diagnosis and superficial parotidectomy was performed. There have been no signs of recurrence or metastasis for about 2 years thereafter. Histological examination revealed two histological types of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and low-grade intraductal carcinoma coexisting within the parotid mass. Although closely located, the two types of carcinoma had not intermingled. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma formed multilocular cystic structures, in which mucous, intermediate, and non-keratinizing squamous cells were intermingled. Exclusively predominant intraductal growth in the intraductal carcinoma showed a combination of cribriform and papillary-cystic patterns and diffuse positive reaction for S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the mucoepidermoid carcinoma had split signals for the MAML2 gene but no split signals were detected for the MAML2 and ETV6 genes in the intraductal carcinoma. We discuss the histomorphological features and diagnostic problems of the present case and the literature is briefly reviewed.
{"title":"Concomitant Low-Grade Mucoepidermoid and Intraductal Carcinomas the Parotid Gland: Case Presentation with a Brief Review","authors":"H. Harada, S. Goto, N. Kudo, Nakatsuka Si, A. Matsubara, K. Honma, A. Kurose","doi":"10.26420/JCLINPATHOL.2021.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/JCLINPATHOL.2021.1070","url":null,"abstract":"The patient was a Japanese female and a former thyroid cancer patient. A computed tomography scan indicated a small mass in the right parotid gland about 14 years after therapy for thyroid cancer. Pleomorphic adenoma was suspected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Three years later, when she was 60 years old, fine needle aspiration cytology failed to determine a diagnosis and superficial parotidectomy was performed. There have been no signs of recurrence or metastasis for about 2 years thereafter. Histological examination revealed two histological types of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and low-grade intraductal carcinoma coexisting within the parotid mass. Although closely located, the two types of carcinoma had not intermingled. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma formed multilocular cystic structures, in which mucous, intermediate, and non-keratinizing squamous cells were intermingled. Exclusively predominant intraductal growth in the intraductal carcinoma showed a combination of cribriform and papillary-cystic patterns and diffuse positive reaction for S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the mucoepidermoid carcinoma had split signals for the MAML2 gene but no split signals were detected for the MAML2 and ETV6 genes in the intraductal carcinoma. We discuss the histomorphological features and diagnostic problems of the present case and the literature is briefly reviewed.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-03DOI: 10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1069
M. A, Ramakant P, R. C., S. K, Babu S, S. A.
Fibroadenoma is the most commonly diagnosed benign tumor of the breast with highest occurrence in adolescent and young women. Its coexistence with invasive ductal carcinoma is extremely rare and infrequently reported. We report a case of 30-year-old female who was diagnosed with extensive ductal carcinoma in situ with focal invasion within fibroadenoma on lumpectomy. The carcinoma was detected incidentally on histopathological examination. Therefore a careful and extensive sampling of the tissue is required to prevent a false negative diagnosis by pathologists.
{"title":"Ductal Carcinoma In situ with Focal Invasion Arising in Fibroadenoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"M. A, Ramakant P, R. C., S. K, Babu S, S. A.","doi":"10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2021.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Fibroadenoma is the most commonly diagnosed benign tumor of the breast with highest occurrence in adolescent and young women. Its coexistence with invasive ductal carcinoma is extremely rare and infrequently reported. We report a case of 30-year-old female who was diagnosed with extensive ductal carcinoma in situ with focal invasion within fibroadenoma on lumpectomy. The carcinoma was detected incidentally on histopathological examination. Therefore a careful and extensive sampling of the tissue is required to prevent a false negative diagnosis by pathologists.","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44126132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-06DOI: 10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2019.1058
Bautista-García Pb
{"title":"Role of Apoptosis in Human Diseases","authors":"Bautista-García Pb","doi":"10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2019.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclinpathol.2019.1058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91209,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42249648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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