International journal of pharma sciences最新文献

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The case control studies of HIV and Intestinal parasitic infections rate in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Woldia General Hospital and Health Center in North Wollo, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. 对埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区北沃尔洛的沃尔迪亚综合医院和保健中心活动性肺结核患者的艾滋病毒和肠道寄生虫感染率进行病例对照研究。

International journal of pharma sciences

Pub Date : 2015-05-01 Epub Date: 2015-06-10

Ambachew Woreta Hailu, Solomon G/Selassie, Yared Merid, Addis Adera Gebru, Yonas Yimam Ayene, Markos Kidane Asefa

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem worldwide in the era of HIV/AIDS. Co-infection with intestinal parasites has been suggested to worsen the outcome of infection in addition to HIV infection. Hence, adequate information on TB patients with HIV and intestinal parasites infection is being needed to tackle the problem, undertake the integrated prevention and control program. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV and intestinal parasitic infections in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared with their healthy extended family of the subject as a control. A case-control study was carried out from November, 2010 to June, 2011 in Woldia General Hospital and Woldia Health Center. Stool sample were examined using direct technique and formol-ether concentration techniques. Modified acid fast stain was used to identify Oocysts of Cryptosporidium species and Isospora belli. HIV rapid tests were used to screen sero prevalence and AFB smear microscopy for screening Pulmonary TB patients. A total of 100 smear positive TB patients and 168 familial contacts were participated and the overall prevalence of intestinal parasite among TB patients was 49%; compared to 23.2% of the control. 41% of TB patients and 23.8% controls were found to be HIV infected. Double infection with both intestinal parasite and HIV was found in 61% TB patients and 52.5% of the controls. The proportions of TB patients infected with 1, 2, or more species of worms were 73.5%, 26.5% respectively; 82%, 18% were in controls and the odds of being an active TB patient is increased with the number of species of intestinal parasites the person harbors. The current study showed that a significant association between TB/HIV infection and intestinal parasite particularly Strongyloides stercoralis Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli.

在艾滋病毒/艾滋病时代，结核病仍然是全世界的一个主要健康问题。有研究表明，除艾滋病毒感染外，肠道寄生虫的合并感染也会加重感染结果。因此，要解决这一问题，开展综合预防和控制项目，就必须充分掌握感染艾滋病毒和肠道寄生虫的肺结核患者的信息。本研究旨在评估活动性肺结核患者中艾滋病病毒感染和肠道寄生虫感染的流行率，并与作为对照的健康大家庭进行比较。这项病例对照研究于 2010 年 11 月至 2011 年 6 月在沃尔迪亚综合医院和沃尔迪亚保健中心进行。粪便样本采用直接技术和甲醇-乙醚浓缩技术进行检测。改良酸性快速染色法用于鉴定隐孢子虫和贝利异孢子虫的卵囊。HIV 快速检测用于筛查血清流行率，AFB 涂片显微镜检查用于筛查肺结核患者。共有 100 名涂片呈阳性的肺结核病人和 168 名家族接触者参与了这项研究，肺结核病人的肠道寄生虫总体流行率为 49%，而对照组的流行率为 23.2%。41% 的肺结核患者和 23.8% 的对照组患者被发现感染了艾滋病毒。61% 的肺结核患者和 52.5% 的对照组患者同时感染了肠道寄生虫和艾滋病毒。感染 1、2 或更多种类蠕虫的肺结核患者比例分别为 73.5%、26.5%；对照组分别为 82%、18%。目前的研究表明，结核病/艾滋病毒感染与肠道寄生虫（尤其是盘尾丝虫、副隐孢子虫和贝利异孢子虫）之间存在显著关联。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and Characterization of Orally Dissolving Thin Films containing the German cockroach Blatella germanica (Bla g 2) Allergen. 含德国小蠊(blag2)变应原的口服溶解薄膜的制备与表征。

International journal of pharma sciences

Pub Date : 2014-09-01

Qingqing Chen, Russell Martin, Stephen W Hoag, Robert A Wood, Hai-Quan Mao, Corinne Keet

Allergy and asthma are among the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Cockroach allergy is an important contributor to asthma morbidity, with a prevalence of 17 to 41%. Immunotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for other allergies that contribute to asthma, but several factors have limited its use for cockroach allergy. In this work, a sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) formulation of orally dissolving thin film has been developed for the treatment of hypersensitivity to the German cockroach Bla g 2 allergen. The formulation allows for the incorporation of up to 25 μg/film of the allergen protein, and the film's mucoadhesiveness prolongs the effect of the allergen with the potential for enhanced efficacy. The potency and dose uniformity of the SLIT formulation were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and other physicochemical properties were evaluated by spectroscopic or mechanistic methods. The films were uniform in weight and thickness, and demonstrated substantial physical strength to allow easy manipulation during manufacturing and dosing. The dosage uniformity, in vitro disintegration and in vitro dissolution profiles of the films were within the acceptance criteria in the United States Pharmacopeia. The developed SLIT methodology possesses the potential to significantly improve immunotherapy for both food and inhalant allergies in adults and children.

过敏和哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性疾病。蟑螂过敏是哮喘发病的重要因素，患病率为17%至41%。免疫疗法已被证明是一种有效的治疗其他过敏，导致哮喘，但几个因素限制了其用于蟑螂过敏。在这项工作中，开发了一种口服溶解薄膜舌下免疫治疗(SLIT)配方，用于治疗对德国蟑螂blag2过敏原的超敏反应。该配方允许掺入高达25 μg/膜的过敏原蛋白，并且薄膜的黏附性延长了过敏原的作用，具有增强功效的潜力。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对SLIT制剂的效价和剂量均匀性进行了表征，并采用光谱学或机械学方法对其其他理化性质进行了评价。薄膜在重量和厚度上是均匀的，并且具有相当的物理强度，可以在制造和加药过程中轻松操作。膜的剂量均匀性、体外崩解度和体外溶出度均符合美国药典的验收标准。开发的SLIT方法具有显著改善成人和儿童食物和吸入性过敏免疫治疗的潜力。

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