Advances in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes最新文献

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Phenomenology based multiscale models as tools to understand cell membrane and organelle morphologies. 基于现象学的多尺度模型是理解细胞膜和细胞器形态的工具。

Advances in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes

Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adplan.2015.06.004

N Ramakrishnan, Ravi Radhakrishnan

An intriguing question in cell biology is "how do cells regulate their shape?" It is commonly believed that the observed cellular morphologies are a result of the complex interaction among the lipid molecules (constituting the cell membrane), and with a number of other macromolecules, such as proteins. It is also believed that the common biophysical processes essential for the functioning of a cell also play an important role in cellular morphogenesis. At the cellular scale-where typical dimensions are in the order of micrometers-the effects arising from the molecular scale can either be modeled as equilibrium or non-equilibrium processes. In this chapter, we discuss the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo technique to model and simulate membrane morphologies at the cellular scale, which in turn can be used to investigate several questions related to shape regulation in cells. In particular, we focus on two specific problems within the framework of isotropic and anisotropic elasticity theories: namely, (i) the origin of complex, physiologically relevant, membrane shapes due to the interaction of the membrane with curvature remodeling proteins, and (ii) the genesis of steady state cellular shapes due to the action of non-equilibrium forces that are generated by the fission and fusion of transport vesicles and by the binding and unbinding of proteins from the parent membrane.

细胞生物学中一个有趣的问题是“细胞如何调节它们的形状?”人们普遍认为，观察到的细胞形态是脂质分子(构成细胞膜)和许多其他大分子(如蛋白质)之间复杂相互作用的结果。人们还认为，细胞功能所必需的共同生物物理过程在细胞形态发生中也起着重要作用。在细胞尺度上——典型的尺度是微米级——分子尺度上产生的效应可以被建模为平衡或非平衡过程。在本章中，我们讨论了动态三角蒙特卡罗技术来模拟和模拟细胞尺度上的膜形态，这反过来又可以用来研究与细胞形状调节有关的几个问题。我们特别关注各向同性和各向异性弹性理论框架内的两个具体问题:也就是说，(i)由于膜与曲率重塑蛋白的相互作用而产生的复杂的、生理上相关的膜形状的起源，以及(ii)由于运输囊泡的裂变和融合以及亲本膜上蛋白质的结合和分离所产生的非平衡力的作用而产生的稳态细胞形状的起源。

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引用次数: 4

Liposomes: Methods and Protocols 脂质体:方法和方案

Advances in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes

Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3

N. B. Chacra

引用次数: 25

The Cubic "Faces" of Biomembranes. 生物膜的立方“面”

Advances in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes

Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381266-7.00004-3

Zakaria A Almsherqi, Felix Margadant, Yuru Deng

Biomembranes are traditionally viewed as flat phospholipid-bilayer sheets delineating the cell boundaries and dividing the cell into multiple subcellular organelles with specialized functions. However, biological membranes may also fold up into three-dimensional nanoperiodic arrangements, termed cubic membranes. This type of geometry is mathematically well described and extensively studied in lipidic cubic phase systems. This chapter will (1) summarize similarities and dissimilarities between cubic membranes and cubic phases; (2) provide an update on the experimental data describing the role of lipids, proteins and electrostatic charges on the biogenesis of cubic membranes; and (3) discuss their potential function in intracellular macromolecular transport and as optical filters, as well as potential practical applications such as gene delivery vehicles.

生物膜传统上被认为是扁平的磷脂双层膜，划定了细胞边界，并将细胞划分为具有特殊功能的多个亚细胞细胞器。然而，生物膜也可以折叠成三维纳米周期排列，称为立方膜。这种类型的几何结构在数学上得到了很好的描述，并在脂质立方相系统中得到了广泛的研究。本章将(1)总结立方膜和立方相之间的异同;(2)提供了描述脂质、蛋白质和静电荷在立方膜生物发生中的作用的实验数据的更新;(3)讨论了它们在细胞内大分子运输和光学滤光片中的潜在功能，以及潜在的实际应用，如基因传递载体。

引用次数: 7

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