Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)最新文献

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ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED DIVERTICULITIS: Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management: is everything fine? 急性非合并性憩室炎:诊断和治疗指南:一切都好吗?

Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00557

Sergio Morini

The transition from intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy to oral therapy and the observation that in patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD), treatment with or without antibiotics gave similar results in both hospitalized and outpatients, opened the way for out-of-hospital treatment in selected patients with CT-confirmed diagnosis. Due to economic constraints and a growing demand for hospitalization, home hospital care (HAH) and other community-based services was supported to alleviate the burden on emergency departments (EDs). This resulted in significant cost savings for the National Health Service (NHS) but, in many countries, community services are not uniformly present, leading to health care inequality. Relationships between hospital and community doctors indicate poor professional communication. Shared guidelines could lead to increased adherence. Some conditional recommendations based on low-certainty evidence related to the diagnosis and management of AUD remain controversial. Even after recovery from an episode, the question of whether to pursue conservative management or elective surgery is still open for debate. The outpatient treatment is understood as referring to both patients managed by hospital doctors and those treated by general physicians in their office. On management and outcomes of patients with AUD diagnosis in primary care there is little data. AUD treatment without antibiotics encounters resistance in many countries for multiple reasons, including low implementation and uncertain dissemination of guidelines recommendations. This would require greater control and commitment on the part of Institutional bodies and scientific societies.

从静脉(IV)抗生素治疗到口服治疗的转变，以及对急性非并发症憩室炎(AUD)患者的观察，在住院和门诊患者中，使用或不使用抗生素治疗的结果相似，为选定的经ct确诊的患者进行院外治疗开辟了道路。由于经济拮据和住院需求不断增加，因此支助了家庭医院护理和其他社区服务，以减轻急诊科的负担。这为国民保健服务节省了大量费用，但在许多国家，社区服务并不统一，导致保健不平等。医院和社区医生之间的关系表明专业沟通不足。共享的指导方针可能会增加依从性。一些基于与AUD诊断和治疗相关的低确定性证据的有条件建议仍然存在争议。即使在从发作中恢复后，是否采取保守治疗或选择性手术的问题仍然存在争议。门诊治疗是指由医院医生管理的病人和由全科医生在其办公室治疗的病人。关于在初级保健中诊断为AUD的患者的管理和结果的数据很少。在许多国家，由于多种原因，包括指南建议的执行率低和传播不确定，无抗生素AUD治疗遇到了耐药性。这将需要机构和科学团体加强控制和作出承诺。

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引用次数: 0

Thermophilic Campylobacter - Neglected Foodborne Pathogens in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. 嗜热弯曲杆菌——柬埔寨、老挝和越南被忽视的食源性病原体。

Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2017.08.00279

Ngoc Huy Nguyen, Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen, Helmut Hotzel, Hosny El Adawy, An Quang Nguyen, Hanh Thi Tran, Minh Thi Hong Le, Herbert Tomaso, Heinrich Neubauer, Hafez M Hafez

Thermophilic Campylobacter are the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Poultry and poultry products are the main sources for human infections. Epidemiological data concerning campylobacteriosis in Asia are limited. Overall, it is difficult to accurately assess the burden of Campylobacter infections. South-East Asia including Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam is known as a hotspot for emerging diseases. Campylobacteriosis is a problem of public health concern in these countries, hence. Epidemiological data are scarce. This is influenced by the limited number of laboratory facilities and lack of equipment and awareness in physicians and veterinarians resulting in the lack of surveys. This review lists articles and reports on Campylobacter and campylobacteriosis in these developing third world countries. Subjects are prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter in humans, animals and food and their resistance to several antibiotics.

嗜热弯曲杆菌是世界范围内人类肠胃炎最常见的细菌病因。家禽和家禽产品是人类感染的主要来源。亚洲有关弯曲杆菌病的流行病学数据有限。总体而言，很难准确评估弯曲杆菌感染的负担。包括柬埔寨、老挝和越南在内的东南亚是新发疾病的热点地区。因此，弯曲杆菌病是这些国家关注的公共卫生问题。流行病学数据稀少。这是由于实验室设施数量有限，医生和兽医缺乏设备和意识，导致缺乏调查。这篇综述列出了这些发展中的第三世界国家关于弯曲杆菌和弯曲杆菌病的文章和报告。受试者是嗜热弯曲杆菌在人类、动物和食物中的流行率及其对几种抗生素的耐药性。

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引用次数: 2

Liver Injury Assessment by Vetscan VS2 Analyzer and Most Frequently Used ALT/GTP Reagent. Vetscan VS2分析仪和最常用的ALT/GTP试剂评估肝损伤。

Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)

Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-04-13 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2016.04.00107

Vatsalya Vatsalya, Diana Avila, Jane C Frimodig, Shirish S Barve, Craig J McClain, Leila Gobejishvili

Background and aim: Liver injury is estimated by serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels in experimental animal models. Laboratories use various techniques to measure ALT levels including assay reagents and chemistry analyzers. VetScan VS2 (VS2) is widely used in veterinary clinics and research laboratories for highly reproducible, convenient and effective testing. Alternatively, ALT liquid reagent is used by laboratories to estimate liver injury in animal studies. The aim of this study was to perform comparative analyses of data obtained from these two assays in two different animal models.

Methods: In this study, we used two different mouse models and compared the ALT levels measured using VetScan VS2 chemistry analyzer and ALT liquid reagent. Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatic tissue was also performed to document liver pathology. The first model is a high fat diet feeding model that results in a mild hepatic steatosis (fat accumulation in the liver) without elevation of ALT levels. For a severe liver injury model, we employed a hepatotoxin-induced liver injury model (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4), which leads to the development of hepatic fibrosis and very high ALT levels.

Results: VetScan VS2 and ALT reagent gave different values of ALT for all animal groups. However, linear regression analysis showed a significantly high association between ALT levels obtained by VS2 and ALT liquid reagent in a high-fat feeding model with no liver injury. For the CCl₄ induced liver injury model, serum dilution (5 and 10 times) was performed to obtain accurate results with ALT reagent. ALT levels acquired from both techniques showed a close association. Interestingly, this correlation was closer when serum was diluted 5 fold.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both methods give similar results when evaluating liver injury in animal studies. However, the serum dilution factor is critical for severe liver injury assessment when using ALT reagent and requires some optimization. In this regard, VetScan VS2 is easier to use and gives comparable results.

背景与目的:在实验动物模型中，通过血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平来评估肝损伤。实验室使用各种技术来测量ALT水平，包括分析试剂和化学分析仪。VetScan VS2 (VS2)广泛应用于兽医诊所和研究实验室，具有高重复性、方便、有效的检测功能。另外，ALT液体试剂被实验室用来估计动物研究中的肝损伤。本研究的目的是在两种不同的动物模型中对这两种方法获得的数据进行比较分析。方法:采用两种不同的小鼠模型，比较VetScan VS2化学分析仪和ALT液体试剂测定的ALT水平。肝脏组织的免疫组织化学分析也进行了记录肝脏病理。第一种模型是高脂肪饲料喂养模型，导致轻度肝脂肪变性(肝脏脂肪堆积)，ALT水平不升高。对于严重肝损伤模型，我们采用肝毒素诱导的肝损伤模型(四氯化碳，CCl4)，导致肝纤维化的发展和非常高的ALT水平。结果:VetScan VS2和ALT试剂对各组动物的ALT测定值不同。然而，线性回归分析显示，在无肝损伤的高脂饲养模型中，VS2与ALT液体试剂获得的ALT水平有显著的高相关性。对于CCl4诱导的肝损伤模型，用ALT试剂进行血清稀释(5倍和10倍)以获得准确的结果。两种技术获得的ALT水平显示出密切的联系。有趣的是，当血清稀释5倍时，这种相关性更密切。结论:本研究表明，两种方法在评估动物肝损伤时的结果相似。然而，在使用ALT试剂时，血清稀释因子是评估严重肝损伤的关键，需要进行一些优化。在这方面，VetScan VS2更容易使用，并提供类似的结果。

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引用次数: 4

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