Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...最新文献
In this paper, we discuss two distinct data sets. The first relates to the so-called allophonic process of closed-syllable laxing in Québec French, which targets final (stressed) vowels even though these vowels are arguably syllabified in open syllables in lexical representations. The second is found in the forms produced by a first language learner of European French, who displays an asymmetry in her production of CVC versus CVCV target (adult) forms. The former display full preservation (with concomitant manner harmony) of both consonants. The latter undergoes deletion of the initial syllable if the consonants are not manner-harmonic in the input. We argue that both patterns can be explained through a phonological process of prosodic strengthening targeting the head of the prosodic domain which, in the contexts described above, yields the incorporation of final consonants into the coda of the stressed syllable.
{"title":"Stress Domain Effects in French Phonology and Phonological Development.","authors":"Yvan Rose, Christophe Dos Santos","doi":"10.1075/cilt.313.10ros","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.313.10ros","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we discuss two distinct data sets. The first relates to the so-called allophonic process of closed-syllable laxing in Québec French, which targets final (stressed) vowels even though these vowels are arguably syllabified in open syllables in lexical representations. The second is found in the forms produced by a first language learner of European French, who displays an asymmetry in her production of CVC versus CVCV target (adult) forms. The former display full preservation (with concomitant manner harmony) of both consonants. The latter undergoes deletion of the initial syllable if the consonants are not manner-harmonic in the input. We argue that both patterns can be explained through a phonological process of prosodic strengthening targeting the head of the prosodic domain which, in the contexts described above, yields the incorporation of final consonants into the coda of the stressed syllable.</p>","PeriodicalId":91608,"journal":{"name":"Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...","volume":"2008 ","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4877038/pdf/nihms760999.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34584884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gloss strongly affects visual perception and print quality of coated papers. In this study, we investigated standard TAPPI gloss and microscale gloss of several commercial and laboratory-made coated samples. The laboratory coated samples contained seven different kaolin clays and four ground calcium carbonates with a wide range of pigment morphology, particle size, and particle size distributions. The samples were calendered at various conditions. We found that coated paper samples were optically rough surfaces with Rayleigh parameter much larger than 1. A semi-empirical approach using the root-mean-square roughness, sh, and correlation length of surface heights, LC , showed that gloss of coated samples is proportional to (LC /sh2 )n. The exponent n was found to depend on the angle of illumination. For the TAPPI 20°, TAPPI 75°, and 60° standard gloss, as well as average microgloss, n was 0.41, 0.31, 0.52, and 0.23, respectively. Despite large variations in the pigment size, morphology, and calendering conditions, all data points closely followed the same regression line, suggesting that gloss is predominantly governed by the surface texture of paper.
{"title":"Relationship between gloss and surface texture of coated papers","authors":"Ernesto Caner, R. Farnood, N. Yan","doi":"10.32964/tj7.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj7.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"Gloss strongly affects visual perception and print quality of coated papers. In this study, we investigated standard TAPPI gloss and microscale gloss of several commercial and laboratory-made coated samples. The laboratory coated samples contained seven different kaolin clays and four ground calcium carbonates with a wide range of pigment morphology, particle size, and particle size distributions. The samples were calendered at various conditions. We found that coated paper samples were optically rough surfaces with Rayleigh parameter much larger than 1. A semi-empirical approach using the root-mean-square roughness, sh, and correlation length of surface heights, LC , showed that gloss of coated samples is proportional to (LC /sh2 )n. The exponent n was found to depend on the angle of illumination. For the TAPPI 20°, TAPPI 75°, and 60° standard gloss, as well as average microgloss, n was 0.41, 0.31, 0.52, and 0.23, respectively. Despite large variations in the pigment size, morphology, and calendering conditions, all data points closely followed the same regression line, suggesting that gloss is predominantly governed by the surface texture of paper.","PeriodicalId":91608,"journal":{"name":"Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82473959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report studies of the incorporation or blending of various pigments for waterproofing liner-board, along with changes in relevant physical properties. We observed the impregnation of polymer/pigment blends to increase strength properties substantially, as explained by the increase of modulus in a composite matrix. We also made observations of surface flame treatment and curtain coating, which can lower the coating basis weight required to attain a required level of water resistance. We also looked at the potential for electrospinning of nanofiber membranes to supplant conventional coating technologies.
{"title":"Strategies for economical alternatives for wax replacement in packaging","authors":"R. Popil, M. Joyce","doi":"10.32964/tj7.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj7.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"We report studies of the incorporation or blending of various pigments for waterproofing liner-board, along with changes in relevant physical properties. We observed the impregnation of polymer/pigment blends to increase strength properties substantially, as explained by the increase of modulus in a composite matrix. We also made observations of surface flame treatment and curtain coating, which can lower the coating basis weight required to attain a required level of water resistance. We also looked at the potential for electrospinning of nanofiber membranes to supplant conventional coating technologies.","PeriodicalId":91608,"journal":{"name":"Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91101089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Specular gloss is widely used in the paper industry to assess surface quality. Although specular gloss is defined as the ratio of light fluxes from the inspected surface and a reference surface, the measurement of minute changes in local gloss has not been presented in international standards due to the lack of suitable gloss meters. Our studies of local and average gloss from papers and prints using a highly sensitive diffractive gloss meter (DOG) yielded information on local and global gloss that can help papermakers in the research and development of optimal paper surface quality, which is crucial in obtaining optimal print quality.
{"title":"A diffractive gloss meter for local gloss measurements of papers and prints","authors":"M. Juuti, H. Koivula, M. Toivakka, K. Peiponen","doi":"10.32964/tj7.4.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj7.4.27","url":null,"abstract":"Specular gloss is widely used in the paper industry to assess surface quality. Although specular gloss is defined as the ratio of light fluxes from the inspected surface and a reference surface, the measurement of minute changes in local gloss has not been presented in international standards due to the lack of suitable gloss meters. Our studies of local and average gloss from papers and prints using a highly sensitive diffractive gloss meter (DOG) yielded information on local and global gloss that can help papermakers in the research and development of optimal paper surface quality, which is crucial in obtaining optimal print quality.","PeriodicalId":91608,"journal":{"name":"Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76600308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-01DOI: 10.32964/10.32964/tj7.4.4
Yang Gao, V. Rajbhandari, Kecheng Li, Yajun Zhou, Zhirun Yuan
Two typical high-yield pulps (HYPs) used in wood-free paper grades, aspen HYP and birch HYP, were investigated for their effects on the bulk and surface roughness when substituting for hardwood kraft pulp in wood-free fine paper production. Results show that paper bulk, bending stiffness, and opacity can be improved significantly by both aspen and birch HYPs. Birch HYP has greater effects since birch fibers are larger and have higher coarseness. However, increasing HYP substitution rate increases paper surface roughness and decreases paper strength. Selection of HYP species and substitution rate should be made based on the needs of a specific paper grade.
{"title":"Effect of HYP fibers on bulk and surface roughness of wood-free paper","authors":"Yang Gao, V. Rajbhandari, Kecheng Li, Yajun Zhou, Zhirun Yuan","doi":"10.32964/10.32964/tj7.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/10.32964/tj7.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Two typical high-yield pulps (HYPs) used in wood-free paper grades, aspen HYP and birch HYP, were investigated for their effects on the bulk and surface roughness when substituting for hardwood kraft pulp in wood-free fine paper production. Results show that paper bulk, bending stiffness, and opacity can be improved significantly by both aspen and birch HYPs. Birch HYP has greater effects since birch fibers are larger and have higher coarseness. However, increasing HYP substitution rate increases paper surface roughness and decreases paper strength. Selection of HYP species and substitution rate should be made based on the needs of a specific paper grade.","PeriodicalId":91608,"journal":{"name":"Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romance linguistics 2008 : interactions in romance : selected papers from the 38th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), Urbana-Champaign, April 2008. Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (38th : 2008 : Urbana-Champaign...
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