Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0021
D. Oluwasegun, Samuel Adebisi Sunday, Abraham Musa Sunday
This study examined the effect of post-natal lead exposure on the hippocampus of developing Wistar rats. Nine pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups of three rats each, consisting of a control Group 1 which received distilled water and experimental Groups 2 and 3 orally administered with 60 and 90 mg/kg bwt of lead acetate, respectively. The pups of the experimental Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to lead acetate via lactation from dams that were administered lead acetate from post-natal day (PND) 1 - PND 21. On PND 22, all the pups were weighed, and then euthanized. The brains of the pups were excised, weighed; lead deposit was quantified and fixed in Bouin’s fluid. The results revealed a significant (p 0.05) decrease in brain weight, significant increase(p<0.05) in brain somatic index (BSI), significant increase(p<0.05) in lead deposition, weak staining for Nissl substance and distortion in cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus of Wistar rat’s pups exposed to lead acetate compared to the control. Post-natal exposure to lead acetate via lactation caused an increase in lead deposition, decrease in body weight and distortion in the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus of developing Wistar rats. Key words: Lead acetate, hippocampus, post-natal, lactation.
{"title":"Assessment of the effect of post-natal lead exposure on the hippocampus of developing Wistar rats","authors":"D. Oluwasegun, Samuel Adebisi Sunday, Abraham Musa Sunday","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of post-natal lead exposure on the hippocampus of developing Wistar rats. Nine pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups of three rats each, consisting of a control Group 1 which received distilled water and experimental Groups 2 and 3 orally administered with 60 and 90 mg/kg bwt of lead acetate, respectively. The pups of the experimental Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to lead acetate via lactation from dams that were administered lead acetate from post-natal day (PND) 1 - PND 21. On PND 22, all the pups were weighed, and then euthanized. The brains of the pups were excised, weighed; lead deposit was quantified and fixed in Bouin’s fluid. The results revealed a significant (p 0.05) decrease in brain weight, significant increase(p<0.05) in brain somatic index (BSI), significant increase(p<0.05) in lead deposition, weak staining for Nissl substance and distortion in cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus of Wistar rat’s pups exposed to lead acetate compared to the control. Post-natal exposure to lead acetate via lactation caused an increase in lead deposition, decrease in body weight and distortion in the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus of developing Wistar rats. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Lead acetate, hippocampus, post-natal, lactation.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0019
A. Ahmed
The aim of this study was to describe the pathologic changes in temporal bones with cochlear otosclerosis that may have implications for cochlear implantation. Fifteen human temporal bones with otosclerosis were used for this study. In each temporal bone was studied: (1) medial wall of the middle ear and in particular the horizontal segment of the facial nerve canal; (2) the round window niche and the corresponding part of the scala tympani; (3) the area of the labyrinthine segment and first genu of the facial nerve. Six temporal bones revealed otosclerotic pathology spanning the otic capsule between the cochlear endosteum and the facial nerve canal. The labyrinthine facial nerve was enveloped by otosclerosis in two cases, while the horizontal segment was involved in four temporal bones. Complete obstruction of the round window niche was observed in three cases, while round window niche obstruction was observed in four temporal bones. Otosclerosis presents difficulties for implant candidates. These otosclerotic changes with obstruction are usually present at the round window or at the scala tympani. The histology described underpins the need to counsel patients regarding the possibility of facial nerve stimulation and difficult implantation. Key words: Cochlear otosclerosis, histopathology, round window, obstruction.
{"title":"Temporal bone histopathology study on cochlear otosclerosis: A memoir for the cochlear \u0000implant surgeon","authors":"A. Ahmed","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0019","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to describe the pathologic changes in temporal bones with cochlear otosclerosis that may have implications for cochlear implantation. Fifteen human temporal bones with otosclerosis were used for this study. In each temporal bone was studied: (1) medial wall of the middle ear and in particular the horizontal segment of the facial nerve canal; (2) the round window niche and the corresponding part of the scala tympani; (3) the area of the labyrinthine segment and first genu of the facial nerve. Six temporal bones revealed otosclerotic pathology spanning the otic capsule between the cochlear endosteum and the facial nerve canal. The labyrinthine facial nerve was enveloped by otosclerosis in two cases, while the horizontal segment was involved in four temporal bones. Complete obstruction of the round window niche was observed in three cases, while round window niche obstruction was observed in four temporal bones. Otosclerosis presents difficulties for implant candidates. These otosclerotic changes with obstruction are usually present at the round window or at the scala tympani. The histology described underpins the need to counsel patients regarding the possibility of facial nerve stimulation and difficult implantation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cochlear otosclerosis, histopathology, round window, obstruction.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45925006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0001
U. Mohammed, A. Panti, K. Abdullahi, O. Afolabi, H. Sani, K. Ekochin
The umbilical cord is the critical organ that links the placenta and fetus. The intrauterine conditions and fetal activity influences the umbilical cord length. The normal umbilical cord is spiraled. By ultrasound, the spiral nature of the umbilical cord can be demonstrated early in the first trimester. Most of the adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes are related to abnormal Umbilical Cord coiling Index (UCI). A 23 year booked G2P1+0 of about 4/12 pregnant is presented. She presented 4 h history of colicky lower abdominal pain and 1 h history of vaginal bleeding; there were passage of blood clot but no fleshy materials or vesicles. No history of urinary symptoms or trauma, she is not a known Diabetics, hypertensive or sickle cell diseases patient. On examination, was not in painful distress, not pale, afibrile (36.9°C), anecteric and no fedal edema. Other parameters were within normal limit. Pelvic examination reveals a vulva smeared with blood, the fetal membrane were bulging into the vagina, this rupture spontaneously, and the cervix was fully dilated. She was managed for inevitable abortion; she subsequently expelled a female abortus. The abortus and the placenta were taken for histology which shows ischemic infarction on the placental tissue and hyper coiling of the umbilical cord. She was placed on anti-malaria, antibiotics and heamatenics, and was discharged home for follow-up. Modern imaging techniques are useful in the evaluation of Umbilical Cord coiling Index especially during the second trimester. To predict the adverse prenatal and pregnancy outcomes with view of instituting appropriate measures to obviate them, therefore routine screening for the high index cases is suggested. Keywords: Umbilical cord, coiling index, torsion, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).
{"title":"Umbilical cord torsion leading to intrauterine fetal death","authors":"U. Mohammed, A. Panti, K. Abdullahi, O. Afolabi, H. Sani, K. Ekochin","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The umbilical cord is the critical organ that links the placenta and fetus. The intrauterine conditions and fetal activity influences the umbilical cord length. The normal umbilical cord is spiraled. By ultrasound, the spiral nature of the umbilical cord can be demonstrated early in the first trimester. Most of the adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes are related to abnormal Umbilical Cord coiling Index (UCI). A 23 year booked G2P1+0 of about 4/12 pregnant is presented. She presented 4 h history of colicky lower abdominal pain and 1 h history of vaginal bleeding; there were passage of blood clot but no fleshy materials or vesicles. No history of urinary symptoms or trauma, she is not a known Diabetics, hypertensive or sickle cell diseases patient. On examination, was not in painful distress, not pale, afibrile (36.9°C), anecteric and no fedal edema. Other parameters were within normal limit. Pelvic examination reveals a vulva smeared with blood, the fetal membrane were bulging into the vagina, this rupture spontaneously, and the cervix was fully dilated. She was managed for inevitable abortion; she subsequently expelled a female abortus. The abortus and the placenta were taken for histology which shows ischemic infarction on the placental tissue and hyper coiling of the umbilical cord. She was placed on anti-malaria, antibiotics and heamatenics, and was discharged home for follow-up. Modern imaging techniques are useful in the evaluation of Umbilical Cord coiling Index especially during the second trimester. To predict the adverse prenatal and pregnancy outcomes with view of instituting appropriate measures to obviate them, therefore routine screening for the high index cases is suggested. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Umbilical cord, coiling index, torsion, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43677572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0020
M. Muhibi, V. O. Mabayoje, J. Komolafe
Cord blood can be used as an alternative source for bone marrow transplantation and its use is developing into a new field of treatment for patients presenting with haematological disorders, immunological defects and specific genetic diseases; including haemoglobinopathies. The aim was to assess the viability of frozen cord blood as a source of HSC which may be suitable for transplantation. Blood specimens were obtained from umbilical cords of 30 consenting mothers and dispensed into 5 cryovials with glycerine for freezing at -20°C; while quantitative assay was carried out on a fresh citrated sample by immunophenotyping using CD34 as marker of HSC. Partec Cyflow cube 6 was used to measure viable cells after labelling the cells with specific fluorochrome/antibody obtained from Sysmex Partec. A repeat quantification was carried out at one month interval for 5 consecutive months and results generated were analysed using T- independent test. The mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) for the 6 consecutive counts were 20,798±2750, 19849±2691, 19223±2637, 18363±2582, 17052±2583 and 16184±2423. The p values obtained when the cryoprotected samples were compared to the baseline were 0.806, 0.681, 0.521, 0.325 and 0.213; reflecting that subsequent counts were insignificantly different from the baseline count. Thus, it is a safe alternative in resource-poor setting to store stem cells in a cryoprotective agent and freeze at -20°C for up to 6 months, without significant depreciation in viability. This alternative should be explored and further researches should be conducted with possibility of extending the number of months. Key words: CD34+ cells, immunophenotyping, stem cells, cryopreservation.
{"title":"CD34 positive stem cells recovered from cord blood remain viable after six months of cryoprotective storage process","authors":"M. Muhibi, V. O. Mabayoje, J. Komolafe","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Cord blood can be used as an alternative source for bone marrow transplantation and its use is developing into a new field of treatment for patients presenting with haematological disorders, immunological defects and specific genetic diseases; including haemoglobinopathies. The aim was to assess the viability of frozen cord blood as a source of HSC which may be suitable for transplantation. Blood specimens were obtained from umbilical cords of 30 consenting mothers and dispensed into 5 cryovials with glycerine for freezing at -20°C; while quantitative assay was carried out on a fresh citrated sample by immunophenotyping using CD34 as marker of HSC. Partec Cyflow cube 6 was used to measure viable cells after labelling the cells with specific fluorochrome/antibody obtained from Sysmex Partec. A repeat quantification was carried out at one month interval for 5 consecutive months and results generated were analysed using T- independent test. The mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) for the 6 consecutive counts were 20,798±2750, 19849±2691, 19223±2637, 18363±2582, 17052±2583 and 16184±2423. The p values obtained when the cryoprotected samples were compared to the baseline were 0.806, 0.681, 0.521, 0.325 and 0.213; reflecting that subsequent counts were insignificantly different from the baseline count. Thus, it is a safe alternative in resource-poor setting to store stem cells in a cryoprotective agent and freeze at -20°C for up to 6 months, without significant depreciation in viability. This alternative should be explored and further researches should be conducted with possibility of extending the number of months. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: CD34+ cells, immunophenotyping, stem cells, cryopreservation.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2019.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47103813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-30DOI: 10.5897/AJCPath2018.0009
Y. Oboma, A. Ngokere
Tissue fixation with 10% formalin and molten paraffin wax embedding (FFPE) is routinely used protocol for tissue preservation in histopathology laboratory. We therefore aimed at comparing the differences in DNA quantity, DNA purity, nucleic acid and its effect on primers (PCR) amplicon (bp) sizes between fresh cervical tissues and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE). The differences in DNA purity, quantity and nucleic acid were 2.02±0.42 versus 1.34±0.28, 47.73±37.45 vs. 21.84±25.52 (ng/µl) and 1.56±0.59 vs 0.49±0.46 between for fresh cervical tissue and FFPE respectively and were all statistically significant at p<0.005. The difference in amplification successes was higher for the 120 bp than for the 450 bp primers. The distribution of cervical human papillomavirus for fresh tissues and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues studied was 39% and 13% respectively. Although, the present results showed that PCR genomic DNA can be extracted from both fresh cervical smear and 8 years duration FFPE archived tissue blocks. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks is not recommended for epidemiological study for detection and typing of cervical human papillomavirus using high molecular weight base pair primers and conventional PCR. Key words: Amplicon size, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cervical tissues.
{"title":"Effect of formalin fixation on DNA purity and quantity, nucleic acid, and amplicon size in cervical human papilloma virus detection","authors":"Y. Oboma, A. Ngokere","doi":"10.5897/AJCPath2018.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPath2018.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue fixation with 10% formalin and molten paraffin wax embedding (FFPE) is routinely used protocol for tissue preservation in histopathology laboratory. We therefore aimed at comparing the differences in DNA quantity, DNA purity, nucleic acid and its effect on primers (PCR) amplicon (bp) sizes between fresh cervical tissues and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE). The differences in DNA purity, quantity and nucleic acid were 2.02±0.42 versus 1.34±0.28, 47.73±37.45 vs. 21.84±25.52 (ng/µl) and 1.56±0.59 vs 0.49±0.46 between for fresh cervical tissue and FFPE respectively and were all statistically significant at p<0.005. The difference in amplification successes was higher for the 120 bp than for the 450 bp primers. The distribution of cervical human papillomavirus for fresh tissues and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues studied was 39% and 13% respectively. Although, the present results showed that PCR genomic DNA can be extracted from both fresh cervical smear and 8 years duration FFPE archived tissue blocks. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks is not recommended for epidemiological study for detection and typing of cervical human papillomavirus using high molecular weight base pair primers and conventional PCR. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Amplicon size, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cervical tissues.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPath2018.0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0007
J. J. Gadzama, Balami Arhyel Gana, M. A. Chiroma, S. Adamu, H. Abdulsalam, Lekko Madaki Yusuf, I. Idoko, Sani Nuhu Abdulazeez, S. J. Enam, K. Esievo
The present study was carried out to investigate some biochemical alterations in layers experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida. A total of 20 eighteen-week old ISA Brown layers were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to two groups (infected and control) of 10 layers each. To establish infection, each bird in the infected group was challenged by intra nasal (0.1 ml) and intramuscular (0.4 ml) administration of P. multocida inoculum containing 4.5 × 108 CFU/ml. Meanwhile, birds in the control group were given clean drinking water and fed standard commercial layers mash ad libidum. All the experimental birds were monitored closely for clinical signs of fowl cholera. Blood samples were collected from both groups at day zero (Day 0), 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, post-infection (pi) and used to assay some biochemical parameters. By day 5 post-inoculation (pi), all birds in the infected group manifested clinical signs typical of fowl cholera; weakness, ruffled feathers, sneezing, greenish-yellowish diarrhoea, decrease in feed and water consumption, weight loss, drop in egg production and mortality rate of (20%). However, there were significant increase in the plasma activities of aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and level of uric acid and significant hypoproteinaemia. The experimental P. multocida infection initiated hepatic, intestinal and renal dysfunctions. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, cholera, ISA brown layers.
{"title":"Some plasma biochemical changes in layers experimentally infection with Pasteurella multocida","authors":"J. J. Gadzama, Balami Arhyel Gana, M. A. Chiroma, S. Adamu, H. Abdulsalam, Lekko Madaki Yusuf, I. Idoko, Sani Nuhu Abdulazeez, S. J. Enam, K. Esievo","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to investigate some biochemical alterations in layers experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida. A total of 20 eighteen-week old ISA Brown layers were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to two groups (infected and control) of 10 layers each. To establish infection, each bird in the infected group was challenged by intra nasal (0.1 ml) and intramuscular (0.4 ml) administration of P. multocida inoculum containing 4.5 × 108 CFU/ml. Meanwhile, birds in the control group were given clean drinking water and fed standard commercial layers mash ad libidum. All the experimental birds were monitored closely for clinical signs of fowl cholera. Blood samples were collected from both groups at day zero (Day 0), 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, post-infection (pi) and used to assay some biochemical parameters. By day 5 post-inoculation (pi), all birds in the infected group manifested clinical signs typical of fowl cholera; weakness, ruffled feathers, sneezing, greenish-yellowish diarrhoea, decrease in feed and water consumption, weight loss, drop in egg production and mortality rate of (20%). However, there were significant increase in the plasma activities of aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and level of uric acid and significant hypoproteinaemia. The experimental P. multocida infection initiated hepatic, intestinal and renal dysfunctions. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Pasteurella multocida, cholera, ISA brown layers.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.5897/ajcpath2018.0005
N. M., S. S., A. A., S. S., N. A
{"title":"Comparative study of the effects of aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. on the cerebellar cortex of ArtesunateAmodiaquine treated adult Wistar rats","authors":"N. M., S. S., A. A., S. S., N. A","doi":"10.5897/ajcpath2018.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajcpath2018.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/ajcpath2018.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70992113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0004
M. Y. Iliyasu, A. Uba, E. Agbo
A clinico-laboratory investigation of multidrug resistant (MDR) characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli pathotypes from some hospitals in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria, was carried out. A total of 198 E. coli isolates were recovered from different patients’ age group (0 to above 70 years), comprising of 134 males and 85 females, as both out-patient (126) and in-patient (93). The antimicrobial susceptibility tests show a high multidrug resistance among Ampicillin (97.0%), Amoxycillin (96.0%), the newer generation Cephalosporins like Cefuroxime (81.3%), Cefotaxime (85.4%) and Ceftazidime (60.6%). The isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone (62.1%), Amikacin (71.7%) and Imipenem (80.8%). Out of the multidrug resistant isolates, 163 were ESBL producers, with frequency of (26.9%) found within age group (31 to 40 years), mostly in males (59.1%) and out-patients (51.5%). Fifty four (27.3%) of the isolates were recovered from stool specimens with MDR and ESBL prevalence of (27.1%) and (26.9%) respectively. Based on clinical diagnosis, prevalence of MDR (29.5%) and ESBL production (28.2%) was found among cases of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), followed by Gastroenteritis (25.3%) and (25.8) respectively. These results indicate a strong association between multidrug resistance and ESBL production in E. coli pathotypes. The Amikacin and Imipenem sensitivity in this study advocates the usage of the carbapenem as the therapeutic alternative in the event of the increasing resistance rates observed with conventional beta-lactam antibiotics. Key words: Multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), urinary tract infections (UTIs), gastroenteritis, carbapenem, beta-lactam antibiotics.
{"title":"Phenotypic detection of multidrug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from clinical samples","authors":"M. Y. Iliyasu, A. Uba, E. Agbo","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0004","url":null,"abstract":"A clinico-laboratory investigation of multidrug resistant (MDR) characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli pathotypes from some hospitals in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria, was carried out. A total of 198 E. coli isolates were recovered from different patients’ age group (0 to above 70 years), comprising of 134 males and 85 females, as both out-patient (126) and in-patient (93). The antimicrobial susceptibility tests show a high multidrug resistance among Ampicillin (97.0%), Amoxycillin (96.0%), the newer generation Cephalosporins like Cefuroxime (81.3%), Cefotaxime (85.4%) and Ceftazidime (60.6%). The isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone (62.1%), Amikacin (71.7%) and Imipenem (80.8%). Out of the multidrug resistant isolates, 163 were ESBL producers, with frequency of (26.9%) found within age group (31 to 40 years), mostly in males (59.1%) and out-patients (51.5%). Fifty four (27.3%) of the isolates were recovered from stool specimens with MDR and ESBL prevalence of (27.1%) and (26.9%) respectively. Based on clinical diagnosis, prevalence of MDR (29.5%) and ESBL production (28.2%) was found among cases of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), followed by Gastroenteritis (25.3%) and (25.8) respectively. These results indicate a strong association between multidrug resistance and ESBL production in E. coli pathotypes. The Amikacin and Imipenem sensitivity in this study advocates the usage of the carbapenem as the therapeutic alternative in the event of the increasing resistance rates observed with conventional beta-lactam antibiotics. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), urinary tract infections (UTIs), gastroenteritis, carbapenem, beta-lactam antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43085202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0006
Adam Chiroma Mohammed, A. Sani, J. Joseph, A. King, H. Abdulsalam, Gana Balami Arhyel, Y. Muhammad, Bulama Ibrahim, Y. Lekko
The present study was conducted to determine egg production and weight in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum. Twenty layers were used for the research. The layers were purchased at the age of 18 weeks from certified commercial poultry farm in Kujama farm, Kaduna State, Nigeria and housed in the Animal Research Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The birds were examined to certify that they were disease free by collecting samples from the cloacal. The birds were assigned to two groups (infected and control) of ten layers each. The infected group was challenged with Salmonella gallinarum orally at the dose of 0.5 ml of 9 x 108 CFU/ml. All the birds in the control group were orally given 0.5 ml of normal saline. After the infection, all the infected layers were closely observed for clinical signs of fowl typhoid. Percentage of egg production and body weight were measured from each group at days zero (Day 0), 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, post-infection (pi). By day seven post infection, all birds in the infected group showed clinical signs typical of fowl typhoid, namely, ruffled feathers, weakness, somnolence, greenish-yellow diarrhea, huddling together, decrease in feed and water consumption, and five of the layers died. There were, however, significant drop in egg production and loss of body weight in the S. gallinarum infected group. Key words: Fowl typhoid, Salmonella, inoculum, layers, egg production, body weight.
本研究旨在测定鸡沙门氏菌实验感染蛋鸡的产蛋量和重量。研究使用了20层。这些蛋鸡在18周大时从尼日利亚卡杜纳州库贾马农场的认证商业家禽养殖场购买，并安置在尼日利亚卡杜娜州扎里亚艾哈迈杜·贝洛大学兽医学院兽医教学医院的动物研究室。通过从泄殖腔采集样本，对这些鸟进行了检查，以证明它们没有疾病。这些鸟被分为两组（感染组和对照组），每组10层。感染组口服鸡沙门氏菌攻击，剂量为0.5 ml 9 x 108 CFU/ml。对照组的所有鸟类均口服生理盐水0.5ml。感染后，密切观察所有感染层的鸡伤寒临床症状。在感染后第0天（第0天）、第2天、第4天、第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天、第35天和第42天测量各组的产蛋率和体重（pi）。感染后第7天，感染组中的所有鸟类都表现出典型的鸡伤寒临床症状，即羽毛褶皱、虚弱、嗜睡、绿黄色腹泻、挤在一起、饲料和水消耗减少，其中5只死亡。然而，鸡尾丝虫感染组的卵子产量显著下降，体重减轻。关键词：鸡伤寒，沙门氏菌，接种物，蛋鸡，产蛋量，体重。
{"title":"Determination of egg production and weight in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum","authors":"Adam Chiroma Mohammed, A. Sani, J. Joseph, A. King, H. Abdulsalam, Gana Balami Arhyel, Y. Muhammad, Bulama Ibrahim, Y. Lekko","doi":"10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine egg production and weight in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum. Twenty layers were used for the research. The layers were purchased at the age of 18 weeks from certified commercial poultry farm in Kujama farm, Kaduna State, Nigeria and housed in the Animal Research Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The birds were examined to certify that they were disease free by collecting samples from the cloacal. The birds were assigned to two groups (infected and control) of ten layers each. The infected group was challenged with Salmonella gallinarum orally at the dose of 0.5 ml of 9 x 108 CFU/ml. All the birds in the control group were orally given 0.5 ml of normal saline. After the infection, all the infected layers were closely observed for clinical signs of fowl typhoid. Percentage of egg production and body weight were measured from each group at days zero (Day 0), 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, post-infection (pi). By day seven post infection, all birds in the infected group showed clinical signs typical of fowl typhoid, namely, ruffled feathers, weakness, somnolence, greenish-yellow diarrhea, huddling together, decrease in feed and water consumption, and five of the layers died. There were, however, significant drop in egg production and loss of body weight in the S. gallinarum infected group. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fowl typhoid, Salmonella, inoculum, layers, egg production, body weight.","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJCPATH2018.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44668897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan C Schisler, Cam Patterson, Monte S Willis
Aim: Hereditary ataxias are characterized by a slowly progressive loss of gait, hand, speech, and eye coordination and cerebellar atrophy. A subset of these, including hypogonadism, are inherited as autosomal recessive traits involving coding mutations of genes involved in ubiquitination including RNF216, OTUD4, and STUB1. Cerebellar CHIPopathy (MIM 615768) is a form of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR16) and when accompanied with hypogonadism, clinically resembles the Gordon Holmes Syndrome (GHS). A causal missense mutation in the gene that encodes the carboxy terminus of HSP-70 interacting protein (CHIP) protein was reported for the first time in 2014. CHIP-/- mice were found to phenocopy the motor deficiencies and some aspects of the hypogonadism observed in patients with STUB1 mutations. However, mechanisms responsible for these deficits are not known.
Methods: In a survey of skeletal muscle by transmission electron microscopy.
Results: CHIP-/- mice at 6 months of age were found to have morphological changes consistent with increased sarcoplasmic reticulum compartments in quadriceps muscle and gastrocnemius (toxic oligomers and tubular aggregates), but not in soleus.
Conclusion: Since CHIP has been implicated in ER stress in non-muscle cells, these findings illustrate potential parallel roles of CHIP in the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, a hypothesis that may be clinically relevant in a variety of common muscular and cardiac diseases.
{"title":"SKELETAL MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL ALTERATIONS IN CARBOXYL TERMINUS OF HSC70 INTERACTING PROTEIN (CHIP) -/- MICE.","authors":"Jonathan C Schisler, Cam Patterson, Monte S Willis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Hereditary ataxias are characterized by a slowly progressive loss of gait, hand, speech, and eye coordination and cerebellar atrophy. A subset of these, including hypogonadism, are inherited as autosomal recessive traits involving coding mutations of genes involved in ubiquitination including <i>RNF216, OTUD4</i>, and <i>STUB1</i>. Cerebellar CHIPopathy (MIM 615768) is a form of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR16) and when accompanied with hypogonadism, clinically resembles the Gordon Holmes Syndrome (GHS). A causal missense mutation in the gene that encodes the carboxy terminus of HSP-70 interacting protein (CHIP) protein was reported for the first time in 2014. CHIP-/- mice were found to phenocopy the motor deficiencies and some aspects of the hypogonadism observed in patients with <i>STUB1</i> mutations. However, mechanisms responsible for these deficits are not known.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a survey of skeletal muscle by transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CHIP-/- mice at 6 months of age were found to have morphological changes consistent with increased sarcoplasmic reticulum compartments in quadriceps muscle and gastrocnemius (toxic oligomers and tubular aggregates), but not in soleus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since CHIP has been implicated in ER stress in non-muscle cells, these findings illustrate potential parallel roles of CHIP in the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, a hypothesis that may be clinically relevant in a variety of common muscular and cardiac diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":91833,"journal":{"name":"African journal of cellular pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5459302/pdf/nihms865393.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35069454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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