Pub Date : 2016-05-01Epub Date: 2016-05-19DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.218417
Kyle R Fluegge, Marcia Nishioka, J R Wilkins
Both prenatal organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYRE) insecticide exposures have been inconsistently linked with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, given that neither exposure occurs in isolation, and both classes are neurotoxic, it is important to consider both classes when evaluating these outcomes. Employing biomarkers of pesticide exposure, this research describes the effects of prenatal urinary metabolite levels of PYRE and OP insecticides, measured in both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postnatal urinary metabolite levels measured at 2 months of age, on child neurodevelopment at three months of age. Neurodevelopmental data were obtained by administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II). Generalized linear models using maximum likelihood estimation were used to evaluate the relationship between the indicators of motor and mental neurobehavioral development obtained for 118 infants and prenatal insecticide exposure, accounting for the concurrent infant insecticide exposure. Urinary measures of the PYRE metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2 dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) in the third trimester of pregnancy had significant, albeit opposite, effects on mental functioning at three months of age. We observed no significant (p < 0.05) effects on motor development. These results were robust to second month infant urine measures of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (metabolite of OP chlorpyrifos), which independently had a significant and negative influence on mental functioning. Prenatal PYRE exposures exert heterogeneous effects by class on mental, but not motor, functioning at three months of age.
产前有机磷(OP)和拟除虫菊酯(PYRE)杀虫剂暴露与较差的神经发育结局之间的联系并不一致。然而，考虑到这两种暴露都不是孤立发生的，而且这两种类型都是神经毒性的，在评估这些结果时考虑这两种类型是很重要的。本研究采用农药暴露的生物标志物，描述了产前尿中PYRE和OP杀虫剂代谢物水平(在妊娠中期和晚期测量)和产后尿中2个月代谢物水平(在出生后2个月测量)对3个月大儿童神经发育的影响。神经发育数据采用Bayley婴儿发育量表- ii (BSID-II)。采用最大似然估计的广义线性模型对118例婴儿的运动和心理神经行为发育指标与产前杀虫剂暴露之间的关系进行了评价，并考虑了婴儿同时接触杀虫剂的情况。妊娠晚期尿液中PYRE代谢物3-苯氧苯甲酸(3PBA)和反式-3-(2,2-二氯苯基)-2,2二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸(反式dcca)的测定对三个月大时的精神功能有显著的影响，尽管相反。我们观察到运动发育无显著影响(p < 0.05)。这些结果与第二个月婴儿尿液中3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇(OP毒死蜱的代谢物)的测量结果一致，后者对心理功能有显著的负面影响。产前PYRE暴露对三个月大时的智力功能产生不同等级的影响，但对运动功能没有影响。
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