Jay K Bhattarai, Dharmendra Neupane, Md Helal Uddin Maruf, Alexei V Demchenko, Keith J Stine
Glycans have many important roles in human health and disease in processes such as infection, fertilization, cellular development, cellular adhesion, cancer metastasis and immune system response. The presentation of glycan structures on surfaces for screening of their interaction with protein binding partners, interactions with individual cells, and development of bioassays is an actively developing field. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of glycan terminated alkanethiols on gold have found application in many of these areas. Additionally, more complex structures such as glycan modified polymers on gold surfaces have provided new routes for multivalent glycan presentation. Glycans have also been conjugated to monolayers formed on other useful substrates such as glass or silicon wafers. SAMs have been formed both by direct immobilization of glycan terminated alkanethiols and by conjugation of glycans to pre-formed SAMs with reactive terminal groups. The structure of the SAMs has been characterized using a range of methods including surface spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and electrochemical methods. The binding of proteins to these SAMs has been followed using methods including surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical techniques such as impedance spectroscopy. In this chapter, we will seek to review the recent literature concerning SAMs containing terminal glycans, with a focus on their biomolecular interactions. The applications of these glycan-modified SAMs to the screening and study of protein and cellular binding and to biosensor and assay development will be reviewed.
在感染、受精、细胞发育、细胞粘附、癌症转移和免疫系统反应等过程中，聚糖对人类健康和疾病有许多重要作用。将聚糖结构呈现在表面上，以筛选它们与蛋白质结合伙伴的相互作用、与单个细胞的相互作用，以及开发生物检测方法，是一个正在积极发展的领域。在金上以聚糖为端基的烷硫醇自组装单层（SAMs）已在上述许多领域得到应用。此外，金表面的聚糖修饰聚合物等更复杂的结构也为多价聚糖的呈现提供了新的途径。在玻璃或硅片等其他有用的基底上形成的单层上也有聚糖共轭物。通过直接固定以聚糖为末端的烷硫醇，以及将聚糖与带有反应性末端基团的预形成的 SAM 相结，可以形成 SAM。我们采用了一系列方法对 SAM 的结构进行了表征，包括表面光谱法、扫描探针显微镜法和电化学法。使用表面等离子共振和电化学技术（如阻抗光谱法）等方法跟踪了蛋白质与这些 SAM 的结合情况。在本章中，我们将回顾有关含有末端聚糖的 SAMs 的最新文献，重点关注它们的生物分子相互作用。我们还将综述这些聚糖修饰的 SAM 在筛选和研究蛋白质与细胞结合以及生物传感器和检测开发方面的应用。
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