African journal of food, agriculture, nutrition, and development : AJFAND最新文献

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Evaluation Of Mycotoxin Content In Soybean (Glycine max L.) Grown In Rwanda. 卢旺达种植的大豆（Glycine max L.）中霉菌毒素含量的评估。

African journal of food, agriculture, nutrition, and development : AJFAND

Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.83.17710

M Niyibituronsa, A N Onyango, S Gaidashova, S M Imathiu, M Uwizerwa, I Wanjuki, F Nganga, J C Muhutu, J Birungi, S Ghimire, K Raes, M De Boevre, S De Saeger, J Harvey

Soybean is a critical food and nutritional security crop in Rwanda. Promoted by the Rwandan National Agricultural Research System for both adults and as an infant weaning food, soybean is grown by approximately 40% of households. Soybean may be susceptible to the growth of mycotoxin-producing moulds; however, data has been contradictory. Mycotoxin contamination is a food and feed safety issue for grains and other field crops. This study aimed to determine the extent of mycotoxin contamination in soybean, and to assess people's awareness on mycotoxins. A farm-level survey was conducted in 2015 within three agro-ecological zones of Rwanda suitable for soybean production. Soybean samples were collected from farmers (n=300) who also completed questionnaires about pre-and post-harvest farm practices, and aflatoxin awareness. The concentration of total aflatoxin in individual soybean samples was tested by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially-available kit. Other mycotoxins were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) on 10 selected sub samples. Only 7.3% of the respondents were aware of aflatoxin contamination in foods, but farmers observed good postharvest practices including harvesting the crop when the pods were dry. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), only one sample had a concentration (11 µg/kg) above the most stringent EU maximum permitted limit of 4 µg/kg. Multi-mycotoxins liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) results confirmed that soybeans had low or undetectable contamination; only one sample contained 13µg/kg of sterigmatocystine. The soybean samples from Rwanda obtained acceptably low mycotoxin levels. Taken together with other studies that showed that soybean is less contaminated by mycotoxins, these results demonstrate that soybean can be promoted as a nutritious and safe food. However, there is a general need for educating farmers on mycotoxin contamination in food and feed to ensure better standards are adhered to safeguard the health of the consumers regarding these fungal secondary metabolites.

大豆是卢旺达重要的粮食和营养安全作物。卢旺达国家农业研究系统推广大豆作为成人和婴儿断奶食品，约有 40% 的家庭种植大豆。大豆可能易受产生霉菌毒素的霉菌生长的影响，但相关数据却相互矛盾。霉菌毒素污染是谷物和其他大田作物的食品和饲料安全问题。本研究旨在确定大豆中霉菌毒素污染的程度，并评估人们对霉菌毒素的认识。2015年，在卢旺达适合大豆生产的三个农业生态区开展了一项农场级调查。从农民（人数=300）中收集了大豆样本，这些农民还填写了关于收获前后的农事操作和黄曲霉毒素认知的问卷。使用市售试剂盒，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测了各个大豆样本中黄曲霉毒素的总含量。其他霉菌毒素则通过液相色谱-质谱法（LCMS/MS）对 10 个选定的子样品进行了分析。只有 7.3% 的受访者知道食品中存在黄曲霉毒素污染，但农民在收获后采取了良好的做法，包括在豆荚干燥时收获作物。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA），只有一个样本的黄曲霉毒素浓度（11 微克/千克）超过了欧盟最严格的最高允许限值（4 微克/千克）。多重霉菌毒素液相色谱-质谱分析法（LC-MS/MS）的结果证实，大豆的污染程度很低，甚至检测不到；只有一个样本含有 13 微克/千克的甾体麦角胱氨酸。卢旺达的大豆样本中霉菌毒素含量较低，可以接受。其他研究表明，大豆受霉菌毒素污染的程度较低。这些结果表明，大豆可以作为一种营养丰富的安全食品加以推广。不过，普遍需要对农民进行有关食品和饲料中霉菌毒素污染的教育，以确保在这些真菌次生代谢物方面遵守更好的标准，保障消费者的健康。

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