Optometry & visual performance最新文献

英文中文

Baseball Seam Recognition at Different Distances. 不同距离下的棒球缝识别。

Optometry & visual performance

Pub Date : 2024-06-01

Mason Clutter, Michael-Vu Do, Aaron Zimmerman, Nick Fogt

Background: A potential visual cue that baseball batters may use to determine the trajectory of pitched balls is the orientation of the ball's seams. However, a batter may have limited time (130-200ms) to assess pitch trajectory. The purpose of this study was to determine whether observers could reliably identify the seams on a spinning baseball at distances associated with the early trajectory assessment period.

Methods: Baseballs were spun with a motor. The baseballs were oriented such that they appeared to have 2 wide red vertical bands, 1 wide central red vertical band, or no wide (red) bands. Sixteen young subjects viewed the rotating baseballs at randomized distances from 10 to 45 feet. At each distance, the three seam patterns were randomly presented 3 times. Subjects were given unlimited time to identify (three alternative forced choice) the number of wide red bands.

Results: The percentage of correct responses ranged from 98% at 10 feet to 76% at 45 feet from the subject. At 16 feet (the maximum distance at which it was reported that the 2 wide bands of a two-seam fastball could be seen) and at 10 feet (the maximum distance at which it was reported that the thin red bands of a four-seam fastball could be seen) the predicted percent correct was over 95%. At 29 feet from the batter (the ball's distance 200ms after a 90mph pitch is released), the predicted percentage correct was at least 90%.

Conclusions: Subjects correctly identified the number of wide red seams on the ball well over threshold (67%) at all distances. The percentage correct was over 90% for all but the 45-foot distance. Assessment of the seam orientation might be useful as a visual cue for a baseball batter to predict pitch trajectory.

背景：棒球击球手可能用一个潜在的视觉线索来确定投出的球的轨迹，那就是球接缝的方向。然而，击球手可能有有限的时间（130-200ms）来评估投球轨迹。本研究的目的是确定观察者是否能够可靠地识别与早期轨迹评估期相关的旋转棒球上的接缝距离。方法：用马达旋转棒球。棒球的方向是这样的，它们看起来有两个宽的红色垂直带，一个宽的中央红色垂直带，或者没有宽的（红色）带。16个年轻的实验对象在10到45英尺的随机距离上观看旋转的棒球。在每个距离上，三种缝型随机呈现3次。受试者被给予无限制的时间来识别（三种强制选择）宽红色带的数量。结果：距离受试者10英尺时正确率为98%，距离受试者45英尺时正确率为76%。在16英尺（据报道可以看到两缝快球的两个宽带的最大距离）和10英尺（据报道可以看到四缝快球的细红色带的最大距离）预测的正确率超过95%。在距离击球手29英尺处（以每小时90英里的速度投球后，球的距离为200毫秒），预测的正确率至少为90%。结论：受试者在所有距离上正确地识别出球上宽红色接缝的数量远远超过阈值（67%）。除了45英尺的距离外，其余距离的正确率都在90%以上。对接缝方向的评估可能是有用的，作为一个视觉线索，棒球击球手预测投球轨迹。

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引用次数: 0

Vertical head and eye movements in baseball batting. 棒球击球时头部和眼睛的垂直运动。

Optometry & visual performance

Pub Date : 2020-09-01

Nick Fogt, Tyler W Persson

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe a method utilized to measure vertical head and eye movements and gaze positions of baseball batters and to report the initial findings generated with this method.

Method: Two former collegiate baseball players participated. Subjects batted balls from a pitching machine.

Results: Responses were similar for the two subjects. The head demonstrated a small upward rotation followed by a downward rotation. The eye was rotated opposite to the head throughout portions of the swing while gaze was directed below the ball (more for one subject than the other) for much of the pitch trajectory.

Discussion: These data align with previous assertions that in baseball batting, players attempt to keep pitched balls in a constant egocentric direction.

目的:本文的目的是描述一种用于测量棒球击球手垂直头部和眼球运动和凝视位置的方法，并报告使用该方法产生的初步结果。方法:两名前大学棒球运动员参与。实验对象用投球机击球。结果:两名受试者的反应相似。头部轻微向上旋转，然后向下旋转。在整个挥杆过程中，眼睛的旋转方向与头部相反，而在大部分的投球轨迹中，眼睛的注视方向都在球的下方(一个被试者比另一个被试者更多)。讨论:这些数据与之前的断言一致，即在棒球击球中，球员试图将投球保持在一个恒定的以自我为中心的方向。

引用次数: 0

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