Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-6676.100182
P. Phiri, Hannah Carr, S. Rathod
Background: Antipsychotic prescription in older people with mental health problems can have severe adverse effects such as an increased risk of falls and show higher mortality rates. Moreover, this risk is elevated for the elderly with dementia. Aims: to provide an estimate of the frequency of antipsychotic use for mental health problems in older people mental health (OPMH) services and collect evidence of adherence to NICE guidelines. Methods: A retrospective clinical audit of typical and atypical antipsychotic medication use in OPMH services. A clinical Research Interactive Search (CRIS: 2007) was conducted from 1st January 2016 until 31st December 2017. This focused on patients referred to OPMH services that were being prescribed Flupentixol, Haloperidol, Prochloperazine, Amisulpride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine or Risperidone. Results: There were 1,642 (22.75%) patients prescribed one or more of the seven selected antipsychotics within the OPMH services. Of these patients without comorbid psychotic illness 1390 (84.6%) were prescribed an antipsychotic; the most common indications for such medication were agitation, psychotic symptoms, distress or aggression. This is 22.75% of the total number of people currently under OPMH services and is not limited to those of a specific disorder. The most commonly prescribed were atypicals and specifically Risperidone. The most common diagnosis prescribed antipsychotic medication was dementia 40%. Conclusions: These prescribing behaviours reveal good practice, in line with current NICE guidelines of what would be expected for the OPMH services. However, a further investigation into the rationale for the prescribing behaviour evident and the quality of alternative pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches available to this population is essential.
{"title":"The Frequency of Antipsychotic Prescribing in Older People Mental Health Services: A Southern Health OPMH CRIS Audit","authors":"P. Phiri, Hannah Carr, S. Rathod","doi":"10.4172/2469-6676.100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-6676.100182","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antipsychotic prescription in older people with mental health problems can have severe adverse effects such as an increased risk of falls and show higher mortality rates. Moreover, this risk is elevated for the elderly with dementia. Aims: to provide an estimate of the frequency of antipsychotic use for mental health problems in older people mental health (OPMH) services and collect evidence of adherence to NICE guidelines. Methods: A retrospective clinical audit of typical and atypical antipsychotic medication use in OPMH services. A clinical Research Interactive Search (CRIS: 2007) was conducted from 1st January 2016 until 31st December 2017. This focused on patients referred to OPMH services that were being prescribed Flupentixol, Haloperidol, Prochloperazine, Amisulpride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine or Risperidone. Results: There were 1,642 (22.75%) patients prescribed one or more of the seven selected antipsychotics within the OPMH services. Of these patients without comorbid psychotic illness 1390 (84.6%) were prescribed an antipsychotic; the most common indications for such medication were agitation, psychotic symptoms, distress or aggression. This is 22.75% of the total number of people currently under OPMH services and is not limited to those of a specific disorder. The most commonly prescribed were atypicals and specifically Risperidone. The most common diagnosis prescribed antipsychotic medication was dementia 40%. Conclusions: These prescribing behaviours reveal good practice, in line with current NICE guidelines of what would be expected for the OPMH services. However, a further investigation into the rationale for the prescribing behaviour evident and the quality of alternative pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches available to this population is essential.","PeriodicalId":93631,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychopathologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2469-6676.100182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70314529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.183
Firouzeh Sepehrianazar, Sara Qader Tilee, M. G. Matos
Background: The migration of Syrian citizens to many parts of the world began after civil war in Syria. Many migrants lost their homes, friends and relatives as a result of the civil war. Millions of Syrians have been refugees to European countries and especially to neighboring countries such as Libya, Turkey and Iraq. They have experienced housing, safety and cultural gap problems, which may put their mental health at risk. Many present signs of physical and mental illness, such as an insomnia, a weakened immune system, drug addiction, self-harm, and aggression, making their social adjustment more and more difficult. Despite facing the same conditions, other immigrants succeed to adjust with the new environment. It is necessary to understand factors that may optimize immigrants’ social adjustment. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate to what extend some characteristics of Syrian immigrants in Iraq, such as cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence are related to their social adjustment, and the role of mental health upon that relationship. Methods: Participants are Syrian immigrants who live in Erbil – Iraq. Data collection was held in 2017. Were randomly included 288 subjects (50% female). All participants completed 4 questionnaires translated from Persian version to Arabic language: Cultural and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (CI and EI), a Social Adjustment scale (SA) and a Mental Health Questionnaire (MH). Results: This study presents an empirical study into the mental health of immigrants. More specific, based on collected questionnaire data an explanatory model for mental health and social adjustment is established on the basis of emotional- and cultural intelligence. A better mental health is associated with better social adjustment. Emotional and cultural intelligence are significantly and positively and significantly and positively associated to social adjustment. Cultural intelligence is significantly and positively related to mental health, while emotional intelligence has no significant relation with mental health, when simultaneous effects are analyzed. Conclusions: The present results suggest that mental health may have an intermediate role in the relationship between cultural intelligence and social adjustment, but no intermediate role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and social adjustment. Results convey an important message to public policies, highlighting the importance of preserving both cultural and emotional intelligence among Syrian immigrant in Iraq, as a measure to assure their mental health and social adjustment.
{"title":"Mental Health among Syrian Immigrants in Iraq","authors":"Firouzeh Sepehrianazar, Sara Qader Tilee, M. G. Matos","doi":"10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.183","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The migration of Syrian citizens to many parts of the world began after civil war in Syria. Many migrants lost their homes, friends and relatives as a result of the civil war. Millions of Syrians have been refugees to European countries and especially to neighboring countries such as Libya, Turkey and Iraq. They have experienced housing, safety and cultural gap problems, which may put their mental health at risk. Many present signs of physical and mental illness, such as an insomnia, a weakened immune system, drug addiction, self-harm, and aggression, making their social adjustment more and more difficult. Despite facing the same conditions, other immigrants succeed to adjust with the new environment. It is necessary to understand factors that may optimize immigrants’ social adjustment. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate to what extend some characteristics of Syrian immigrants in Iraq, such as cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence are related to their social adjustment, and the role of mental health upon that relationship. Methods: Participants are Syrian immigrants who live in Erbil – Iraq. Data collection was held in 2017. Were randomly included 288 subjects (50% female). All participants completed 4 questionnaires translated from Persian version to Arabic language: Cultural and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (CI and EI), a Social Adjustment scale (SA) and a Mental Health Questionnaire (MH). Results: This study presents an empirical study into the mental health of immigrants. More specific, based on collected questionnaire data an explanatory model for mental health and social adjustment is established on the basis of emotional- and cultural intelligence. A better mental health is associated with better social adjustment. Emotional and cultural intelligence are significantly and positively and significantly and positively associated to social adjustment. Cultural intelligence is significantly and positively related to mental health, while emotional intelligence has no significant relation with mental health, when simultaneous effects are analyzed. Conclusions: The present results suggest that mental health may have an intermediate role in the relationship between cultural intelligence and social adjustment, but no intermediate role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and social adjustment. Results convey an important message to public policies, highlighting the importance of preserving both cultural and emotional intelligence among Syrian immigrant in Iraq, as a measure to assure their mental health and social adjustment.","PeriodicalId":93631,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychopathologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69703811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-6676.100181
João Paulo Correia Lima, A. L. Rodrigues
Research about the oxytocin effects over behaviour is growing up and the main technic used in this research is the nasal oxytocin administration, but there is some controversy if the blood-brain barrier could or not stop the oxytocin entrance in the central nervous system. The authors present some arguments and anatomical structures that can permit the oxytocin entrance in the central nervous system despite de blood-brain barrier, describing direct and indirect paths, justifying the data collected in experiments based on nasal oxytocin administration, in a hypothetical way (not yet demonstrated).
{"title":"Nasal Oxytocin: Facts and Routes","authors":"João Paulo Correia Lima, A. L. Rodrigues","doi":"10.4172/2469-6676.100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-6676.100181","url":null,"abstract":"Research about the oxytocin effects over behaviour is growing up and the main technic used in this research is the nasal oxytocin administration, but there is some controversy if the blood-brain barrier could or not stop the oxytocin entrance in the central nervous system. The authors present some arguments and anatomical structures that can permit the oxytocin entrance in the central nervous system despite de blood-brain barrier, describing direct and indirect paths, justifying the data collected in experiments based on nasal oxytocin administration, in a hypothetical way (not yet demonstrated).","PeriodicalId":93631,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychopathologica","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2469-6676.100181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70314993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.184
M. G. Matos, T. Wainwright, T. Gaspar, J. Barletta, C. Neufeld
Models of psychological interventions can be divided into two broad categories: those whose focus is the individual, often framed as psychotherapy, and those that are framed as community where the focus is an entire population. These approaches have largely developed independently and have their own theoretical models and techniques, and see themselves as distinct. The aim of this paper is to challenge this separation and to encourage psychologists who have an individual focus, in hospital or private practice, and psychologists who intervene with a community focus, to share ideas and to develop a common language so that there is continuity across both models. This will allow them to complement each other and foster synergy, improving results in both areas. A historical visit will be made highlighting the evolution of the paradigm of preventive models and their evolution, and will focus on perspectives’ interaction between individual and group psychotherapy and prevention models, in what the increase of populations’ well-being is concerned.
{"title":"Prevention and Psychotherapy: Downstream and Upstream Models and Methods","authors":"M. G. Matos, T. Wainwright, T. Gaspar, J. Barletta, C. Neufeld","doi":"10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.184","url":null,"abstract":"Models of psychological interventions can be divided into two broad categories: those whose focus is the individual, often framed as psychotherapy, and those that are framed as community where the focus is an entire population. These approaches have largely developed independently and have their own theoretical models and techniques, and see themselves as distinct. The aim of this paper is to challenge this separation and to encourage psychologists who have an individual focus, in hospital or private practice, and psychologists who intervene with a community focus, to share ideas and to develop a common language so that there is continuity across both models. This will allow them to complement each other and foster synergy, improving results in both areas. A historical visit will be made highlighting the evolution of the paradigm of preventive models and their evolution, and will focus on perspectives’ interaction between individual and group psychotherapy and prevention models, in what the increase of populations’ well-being is concerned.","PeriodicalId":93631,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychopathologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2469-6676.5.2.184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69703828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-09-29DOI: 10.4172/2469-6676.100178
Inga Sogaard, Rui Ni
Normal aging is associated with variable declines in perception and cognition, which may be mediated through active engagement in certain lifestyle activities. The aim of this review was to discuss the relationship between cognitive functioning in older adulthood and participation in various types of physical exercise and sports-playing activities. Most studies have focused on the beneficial effects of relatively nonspecific forms of aerobic physical activity, although some emerging evidence has suggested that more specific forms of sports-playing activities may confer greater cognitive benefit in specific areas of cognitive functioning. The evidence reviewed suggests the potential for simple lifestyle-related behaviors to mediate the cognitive decline often found in older adults, and to enhance the aging brain's cognitive reserve. However, more work is needed in order to ascertain the variable outcomes of exercise type, duration, and frequency, and the cognitive effects of various sports activities.
{"title":"Mediating Age-related Cognitive Decline through Lifestyle Activities: A Brief Review of the Effects of Physical Exercise and Sports-playing on Older Adult Cognition.","authors":"Inga Sogaard, Rui Ni","doi":"10.4172/2469-6676.100178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-6676.100178","url":null,"abstract":"Normal aging is associated with variable declines in perception and cognition, which may be mediated through active engagement in certain lifestyle activities. The aim of this review was to discuss the relationship between cognitive functioning in older adulthood and participation in various types of physical exercise and sports-playing activities. Most studies have focused on the beneficial effects of relatively nonspecific forms of aerobic physical activity, although some emerging evidence has suggested that more specific forms of sports-playing activities may confer greater cognitive benefit in specific areas of cognitive functioning. The evidence reviewed suggests the potential for simple lifestyle-related behaviors to mediate the cognitive decline often found in older adults, and to enhance the aging brain's cognitive reserve. However, more work is needed in order to ascertain the variable outcomes of exercise type, duration, and frequency, and the cognitive effects of various sports activities.","PeriodicalId":93631,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychopathologica","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2469-6676.100178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40308253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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