Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-7-19
S. Bitursyn, A. Baeshov, N. Shertayeva, M. Sarbayeva, K. Kerimbaeva
This article discusses the electrochemical dissolution of zinc sulfate solution, sodium registration method potendinamicheskih polarization curves. It has been found that when the anodic dissolution of zinc into the solution as divalent ions, and further by reacting with water formed by hydrolysis of zinc hydroxide , postponing which generates on the electrode surface passivation layer . With increasing pH from 2 to 5 occurs the dissolution rate of zinc reduction. At pH 10, zinc oxidation proceeds with a large over potential, however due form hydroxo metal electrode dissolves at the same rate. The influence of electrolyte temperature on the process of anodic dissolution of zinc. With increasing temperature the increase of anodic current maxima. By temperature- kinetic method to calculate the effective activation energy, overvoltage 300, 500 and 700 mV, its value was 17.8 15.5 15.4 kJ / mol, respectively, which indicates the occurrence of a diffusion process mode.
{"title":"ELECTROCHEMICAL DISSOLUTION OF A ZINC ELECTRODE POLARIZED BY ALTERNATING CURRENT IN A NEUTRAL MEDIUM (NA2SO4)","authors":"S. Bitursyn, A. Baeshov, N. Shertayeva, M. Sarbayeva, K. Kerimbaeva","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-7-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-7-19","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the electrochemical dissolution of zinc sulfate solution, sodium registration method potendinamicheskih polarization curves. It has been found that when the anodic dissolution of zinc into the solution as divalent ions, and further by reacting with water formed by hydrolysis of zinc hydroxide , postponing which generates on the electrode surface passivation layer . With increasing pH from 2 to 5 occurs the dissolution rate of zinc reduction. At pH 10, zinc oxidation proceeds with a large over potential, however due form hydroxo metal electrode dissolves at the same rate. The influence of electrolyte temperature on the process of anodic dissolution of zinc. With increasing temperature the increase of anodic current maxima. By temperature- kinetic method to calculate the effective activation energy, overvoltage 300, 500 and 700 mV, its value was 17.8 15.5 15.4 kJ / mol, respectively, which indicates the occurrence of a diffusion process mode.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78749286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-96-106
G. Ataeva
The work presents the results of the author's own research on the study of seasonal dynamics of biological productivity of the main associations of the complex steppes of Western Kazakhstan. In various ecological and microclimatic conditions, the accumulation of above-ground and underground phytomass during the season is considered, as well as the production and destruction processes in plant communities are analyzed. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were developed for the preservation of steppe ecosystems and the rational use of pasture lands during the growing season, including in years with different hydrothermal regimes. The biological productivity of vegetation, in combination with climatic factors, has ensured the fertility of the soils of the steppe zone for centuries, which is the main granary of agriculture and animal husbandry. Practically frontal plowing of the steppe of Kazakhstan, more than 70%, contributed to the transformation of steppe vegetation on large areas.
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of biological productivity the main associations of the steppes of West Kazakhstan","authors":"G. Ataeva","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-96-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-96-106","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents the results of the author's own research on the study of seasonal dynamics of biological productivity of the main associations of the complex steppes of Western Kazakhstan. In various ecological and microclimatic conditions, the accumulation of above-ground and underground phytomass during the season is considered, as well as the production and destruction processes in plant communities are analyzed. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were developed for the preservation of steppe ecosystems and the rational use of pasture lands during the growing season, including in years with different hydrothermal regimes. The biological productivity of vegetation, in combination with climatic factors, has ensured the fertility of the soils of the steppe zone for centuries, which is the main granary of agriculture and animal husbandry. Practically frontal plowing of the steppe of Kazakhstan, more than 70%, contributed to the transformation of steppe vegetation on large areas.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75379781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-74-84
N. Hahina, A. Yarotau, E. Galai
The article considers the issues of optimizing territorial tourism organization based on the principles of sustainable development, taking into account intraregional features of the placement of natural and historical and cultural heritage objects, development of tourist infrastructure and economic activity of local communities. The object of the study is the territory of Ivanovo district, a distinctive feature of which is the presence of significant natural, historical and cultural potential for the development of ecological, cultural and other friendly types of tourism. Tourism zoning of the area has been carried out with the definition of specialization and reference tourist centers of each zone.
{"title":"TERRITORIAL TOURISM ORGANIZATION IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IVANOVO DISTRICT)","authors":"N. Hahina, A. Yarotau, E. Galai","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-74-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-74-84","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the issues of optimizing territorial tourism organization based on the principles of sustainable development, taking into account intraregional features of the placement of natural and historical and cultural heritage objects, development of tourist infrastructure and economic activity of local communities. The object of the study is the territory of Ivanovo district, a distinctive feature of which is the presence of significant natural, historical and cultural potential for the development of ecological, cultural and other friendly types of tourism. Tourism zoning of the area has been carried out with the definition of specialization and reference tourist centers of each zone.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80008061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-36-73
M. Kulikov, E. Kopishev
Platinum group metals (PGM) are widely used in catalytic industry due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties (high-temperature stability, high catalyst activity, high heat resistance, high corrosion resistances). They are used in medical fields, electronics, oil refining, production of ammonia, fuel cells, automotive industry. Catalytic wastes are an important secondary source of metals because recycling of wastes is more economical and ecological way of metals obtaining compared to mining from ores. Spent automotive catalyst is a rich source of platinum group metals [PGM: platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh)] which contains higher concentrations of PGM than found in natural ores. This review presents the analysis of the recovery methods of platinum group metals from spent catalysts and their advantages and disadvantages. As a result, all methods were analyzed and the most promising (most environmentally friendly and economical) was pointed out.
{"title":"Review: Extraction of platinum group metals from catalytic converters","authors":"M. Kulikov, E. Kopishev","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-36-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-36-73","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum group metals (PGM) are widely used in catalytic industry due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties (high-temperature stability, high catalyst activity, high heat resistance, high corrosion resistances). They are used in medical fields, electronics, oil refining, production of ammonia, fuel cells, automotive industry. Catalytic wastes are an important secondary source of metals because recycling of wastes is more economical and ecological way of metals obtaining compared to mining from ores. Spent automotive catalyst is a rich source of platinum group metals [PGM: platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh)] which contains higher concentrations of PGM than found in natural ores. This review presents the analysis of the recovery methods of platinum group metals from spent catalysts and their advantages and disadvantages. As a result, all methods were analyzed and the most promising (most environmentally friendly and economical) was pointed out.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81246567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-20-28
D. Nurpeisova, A. Тashenov, Z. Jakupova, S. Dosmagambetova, L. Omarova
A modified method for the synthesis of metallooctachlorophthalocyaninesand methods for their purification based on their sequential treatment with hydrochloric acid (10%) sodium hydroxide (2M), then again with hydrochloric acid (10%), pyridine (O.S.C.) in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as a solvent is presented. As a result, the degree of purification of copper ion complexes was achieved, 99% versus the best result using methods known in the literature 93%, for cobalt the degree of purity was 98% versus 88%. The yield of the products is also higher than in the known methods and amounted to 78, cobalt -43 for copper compounds. Physico-chemical methods have established that after the final stage of purification-pyridine treatment, impurities are removed, including cyanuric acid, the decomposition product of urea, the results of elemental analysis for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen conducted on the ThermovomTypFlashEA 1112 analyzer complexes of cobalt (II), copper (II) with phthalocyanine, the assignment of bands of IR spectra recorded in KBr tablets on the Nicolet IR-200 FT -IR spectrophotometer, UV-the spectra of sulfuric acid solutions of metallooctachlorophthalocyanines taken on a Varian, UV -Vis/NIR spectrometer.
本文提出了一种改进的金属环氯酞菁的合成方法和以1,2,4-三氯苯为溶剂，先用盐酸(10%)、氢氧化钠(2M)，再用盐酸(10%)、吡啶(o.s.c)进行顺序处理的纯化方法。结果，铜离子配合物的纯度达到了99%，而文献中已知的最佳纯度为93%，钴的纯度为98%，而文献中已知的纯度为88%。产物的收率也高于已知方法，铜化合物的收率为78，钴-43。理化方法证实，经过最后阶段的纯化-吡啶处理后，杂质被去除，包括氰脲酸，尿素的分解产物，在ThermovomTypFlashEA 1112分析仪上对钴(II)、铜(II)与酞菁配合物进行碳、氢、氮元素分析的结果，在Nicolet IR-200 FT -IR分光光度计上记录的KBr片的红外光谱谱带分配。用瓦里安紫外-可见/近红外光谱仪测定硫酸溶液中金属氯酞菁的紫外光谱。
{"title":"Synthesis of octochlorine-substituted complexes of cobalt(II) and copper(II) with phthalocyanine","authors":"D. Nurpeisova, A. Тashenov, Z. Jakupova, S. Dosmagambetova, L. Omarova","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-20-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-20-28","url":null,"abstract":"A modified method for the synthesis of metallooctachlorophthalocyaninesand methods for their purification based on their sequential treatment with hydrochloric acid (10%) sodium hydroxide (2M), then again with hydrochloric acid (10%), pyridine (O.S.C.) in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as a solvent is presented. As a result, the degree of purification of copper ion complexes was achieved, 99% versus the best result using methods known in the literature 93%, for cobalt the degree of purity was 98% versus 88%. The yield of the products is also higher than in the known methods and amounted to 78, cobalt -43 for copper compounds. Physico-chemical methods have established that after the final stage of purification-pyridine treatment, impurities are removed, including cyanuric acid, the decomposition product of urea, the results of elemental analysis for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen conducted on the ThermovomTypFlashEA 1112 analyzer complexes of cobalt (II), copper (II) with phthalocyanine, the assignment of bands of IR spectra recorded in KBr tablets on the Nicolet IR-200 FT -IR spectrophotometer, UV-the spectra of sulfuric acid solutions of metallooctachlorophthalocyanines taken on a Varian, UV -Vis/NIR spectrometer.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82401611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-85-95
Y. Keukenov, K. Dzhanaleeva, G. Baryshnikov, K. Orazymbetova
The territory of geosystems of the Karkaraly low mountains is mainly forest landscapes and dark-chestnut soil cover. The paper reflects the state of the soil and vegetation cover of the forest landscapes of the Karkaraly low mountains in the Karaganda region. The paper provides the results of chemical soil tests, describes the vegetation cover samples using geoinformation technologies based on the standard quantitative index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), confirmed in field studies in the summer of 2020. The work performed aims at a comprehensive assessment of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the components of geosystems. In course of the field study, a brief description of phytodiversity was compiled, indicating the geomorphological attributes of key areas. To study the vegetation, sample plots of the underlying soil and vegetation cover were set. Overview and thematic maps of the object under study were created. At the final stage of the study, the interpretation of the results is presented with the identification of cause-and-effect relationships of the state and fluctuations of geoecosystems. Data sources include satellite images of Landsat-8 (US Geological Survey) and field studies along the routes and four key areas. The results of the work allow defining the object under study, determining the distinctive properties in key areas, as well as possible reasons for the difference in the studied territory of geosystems.
{"title":"Landscape forming factors of the Karkaraly low mountains","authors":"Y. Keukenov, K. Dzhanaleeva, G. Baryshnikov, K. Orazymbetova","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-85-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-85-95","url":null,"abstract":"The territory of geosystems of the Karkaraly low mountains is mainly forest landscapes and dark-chestnut soil cover. The paper reflects the state of the soil and vegetation cover of the forest landscapes of the Karkaraly low mountains in the Karaganda region. The paper provides the results of chemical soil tests, describes the vegetation cover samples using geoinformation technologies based on the standard quantitative index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), confirmed in field studies in the summer of 2020. The work performed aims at a comprehensive assessment of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the components of geosystems. In course of the field study, a brief description of phytodiversity was compiled, indicating the geomorphological attributes of key areas. To study the vegetation, sample plots of the underlying soil and vegetation cover were set. Overview and thematic maps of the object under study were created. At the final stage of the study, the interpretation of the results is presented with the identification of cause-and-effect relationships of the state and fluctuations of geoecosystems. Data sources include satellite images of Landsat-8 (US Geological Survey) and field studies along the routes and four key areas. The results of the work allow defining the object under study, determining the distinctive properties in key areas, as well as possible reasons for the difference in the studied territory of geosystems.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-29-35
B. Ganiev, U. Mardonov, Z. Ashurov
This paper presents the results of DFTanalysis and electron-structural and coordination properties, boundary molecular orbitals and descriptors of global reactivity of various forms of glutamine, using quantum-chemical calculation.For glutamine, the MEP was calculated using the DFT/B3LYP program, the basis 6-311G++(d,p) and the surface of the molecular electrostatic potential was constructed
{"title":"STUDYING DFT ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS FORMS OF GLUTAMINE","authors":"B. Ganiev, U. Mardonov, Z. Ashurov","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2023-142-1-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of DFTanalysis and electron-structural and coordination properties, boundary molecular orbitals and descriptors of global reactivity of various forms of glutamine, using quantum-chemical calculation.For glutamine, the MEP was calculated using the DFT/B3LYP program, the basis 6-311G++(d,p) and the surface of the molecular electrostatic potential was constructed","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84940725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32523/2616-6771-2022-141-4-66-77-85
Kulas Bartłomiej
The Senate is the upper house of the Polish parliament, which has relatively small powers in comparison with the lower house - the Sejm. In the world, only a few countries are electing the second chamber in direct elections, which is the case in Poland with the use of the majoritarian voting system. In the public debate, there is a discussion about changing the manner in which the Senate is elected and the scope of its competencies. The Senate has a long tradition in Poland. In the current formula, with the use of 100 single-member constituencies, it has been operating since 2011. Among the possible directions of changes, it is possible to indicate a switch in the electoral law from a majoritarian system to a proportional system or complete abolition of elections to the Senate. Instead, the composition of the chamber could be appointed by local government bodies, in particular the provincial government, or by appointment by the president or the Sejm. The chamber could include "senators for life" - people of merit for the country and former presidents and possibly prime ministers.
{"title":"Geopolitical aspect of reforming the polish senate","authors":"Kulas Bartłomiej","doi":"10.32523/2616-6771-2022-141-4-66-77-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2022-141-4-66-77-85","url":null,"abstract":"The Senate is the upper house of the Polish parliament, which has relatively small powers in comparison with the lower house - the Sejm. In the world, only a few countries are electing the second chamber in direct elections, which is the case in Poland with the use of the majoritarian voting system. In the public debate, there is a discussion about changing the manner in which the Senate is elected and the scope of its competencies. The Senate has a long tradition in Poland. In the current formula, with the use of 100 single-member constituencies, it has been operating since 2011. Among the possible directions of changes, it is possible to indicate a switch in the electoral law from a majoritarian system to a proportional system or complete abolition of elections to the Senate. Instead, the composition of the chamber could be appointed by local government bodies, in particular the provincial government, or by appointment by the president or the Sejm. The chamber could include \"senators for life\" - people of merit for the country and former presidents and possibly prime ministers.","PeriodicalId":9396,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90492874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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