Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine最新文献

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Reporting Quality of Trend Analyses Published in Leading Medicine and Oncology Journals during 2008-2018. 2008-2018年在主要医学和肿瘤学期刊上发表的趋势分析报告质量。

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2025.00039

Xiaoling Yuan, Fei Deng, Yating Wang, Lanjing Zhang

Reporting quality in clinical research is critical for evidence-based medicine and reproducibility of clinical studies. Previous work has mostly focused on the reporting quality of clinical trials and observational longitudinal studies. However, few studies have examined the reporting quality of trend analyses. Moreover, the reporting of recommended statistical metrics in trend analyses remains largely unclear. Therefore, we assessed the reporting quality of trend analyses based on reporting of recommended statistical metrics. We systematically searched the PubMed for the trend-analysis articles published in 10 leading medicine and oncology journals over an 11-year period (2008-2018). Studies published after 2019 were excluded due to a sudden, significant increase in publication numbers during and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. Only original articles, research letters, and meta-analyses/systematic reviews were included. We scored the reporting quality of these articles based on whether they reported p-values, effect sizes, beta/coefficient/slope/annual-percentage-change (APC). 297 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 193 (66.0%) reported p-values and 216 (72.7%) reported effect sizes. Only 13 (5.8%) analyses reported neither p-values/effect sizes nor beta/coefficient/slope/APC. In multivariable regression models, authors affiliated with epidemiology departments were less likely to report effect sizes, whereas those from statistics departments were more likely to do so. Interestingly, U.S.-based senior authors (versus non-U.S.) more likely reported p-values. No factors were independently associated with reporting APC. Overall, the reporting quality of trend analyses in leading medicine and oncology journals appears moderate and warrants improvement. We thus call for increased awareness and further research on reporting quality in trend analyses in oncology research and beyond.

临床研究报告质量对循证医学和临床研究的可重复性至关重要。以前的工作主要集中在临床试验和观察性纵向研究的报告质量上。然而，很少有研究检验趋势分析的报告质量。此外，趋势分析中推荐的统计指标的报告在很大程度上仍然不清楚。因此，我们基于推荐统计指标的报告来评估趋势分析的报告质量。我们系统地检索了11年间（2008-2018年）在10种主要医学和肿瘤学期刊上发表的趋势分析文章。2019年以后发表的研究被排除在外，因为在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间和之后，出版物数量突然显著增加。仅包括原创文章、研究信函和荟萃分析/系统评价。我们根据是否报道p值、效应大小、beta/系数/斜率/年百分比变化（APC）对这些文章的报道质量进行评分。297篇文章符合纳入标准。其中，193份（66.0%）报告了p值，216份（72.7%）报告了效应量。只有13个（5.8%）分析既没有报告p值/效应大小，也没有报告beta/系数/斜率/APC。在多变量回归模型中，隶属于流行病学部门的作者不太可能报告效应大小，而来自统计部门的作者更有可能这样做。有趣的是，在美国的资深作者（与非美国的相比）更有可能报告p值。没有与APC报告独立相关的因素。总体而言，主要医学和肿瘤学期刊的趋势分析报告质量似乎适中，需要改进。因此，我们呼吁提高对肿瘤研究及其他领域趋势分析报告质量的认识和进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding Role of Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease 表观遗传学在人类健康和疾病中的作用不断扩大

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00086

Swarup K. Chakrabarti, Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay

引用次数: 0

Neutrophil Elastase as a Predictor of Delivery in Pregnant Women with Preterm Labour 中性粒细胞弹性酶作为早产孕妇分娩的预测因子

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00032

George Uchenna Eleje, Uchenna Ifeanyi Nwagha, Ifeanyichukwu Uzoma Ezebialu, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu, Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu, Euzebus Chinonye Ezugwu, Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke

Background and objectivesNo previous study has been conducted in Nigeria on the role of neutrophil elastase in predicting preterm birth. The present study aimed to determine the role of the neutrophil elastase test in predicting birth in women with preterm labor.

背景和目的在尼日利亚没有关于中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶在预测早产中的作用的研究。本研究旨在确定中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶试验在预测早产妇女出生中的作用。

引用次数: 0

Trypanocidal Treatment in Chronic Chagas Disease: Critical Evaluation of Cure Criteria 慢性恰加斯病的锥虫治疗:治愈标准的关键评价

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00057

Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher-Moreno, Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio-da-Silva, Roberto Magalhães Saraiva

引用次数: 0

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with an Atypical Clinical Presentation: A Case Report 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血并发Takotsubo心肌病，临床表现不典型1例

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00045

Isobel Han Ying Griffith, Faisal Usman Qureshi, Revin Thomas

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can masquerade as an acute coronary syndrome and present clinically with chest pain and dyspnea, electrocardiogram changes of cardiac ischemia and elevation of cardiac enzymes. Such changes are particularly relevant in cases where Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and treatment of acute coronary syndrome with antiplatelet drugs is contraindicated. We describe a case of a 68-year-old woman, who developed ventricular changes consistent with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient presented with collapse and vomiting, initial workup revealed anterior ST-elevation electrocardiogram changes, increased troponin I, and a chest radiograph suggestive of acute cardiac failure. In light of this, the patient was managed initially as an acute coronary syndrome with antiplatelet medication. An echocardiogram showed acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction with apical ballooning. After 3 days of hospitalization, she became increasingly drowsy with a worsening headache. Computed tomography of the head revealed intracerebral hemorrhage and bilateral subarachnoid hemorrhage and computed tomography angiography demonstrated a 9 × 5 mm A2 aneurysm. She subsequently underwent embolization to treat the ruptured aneurysm. She recovered well neurologically, and subsequent cardiac imaging revealed a complete resolution of her prior issues.

Takotsubo心肌病可伪装成急性冠状动脉综合征，临床表现为胸痛、呼吸困难、心肌缺血心电图改变和心肌酶升高。这种改变在Takotsubo心肌病与蛛网膜下腔出血相关的病例中尤为重要，并且禁止使用抗血小板药物治疗急性冠状动脉综合征。我们描述了一个病例68岁的妇女，谁发展心室改变符合Takotsubo心肌病后动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血。患者表现为虚脱和呕吐，初步检查显示前st段抬高心电图改变，肌钙蛋白I增高，胸片提示急性心力衰竭。鉴于此，患者最初作为急性冠状动脉综合征进行抗血小板药物治疗。超声心动图显示急性左心室收缩功能不全伴心尖球囊。住院3天后，她变得越来越困倦，头痛加剧。头部ct显示脑出血和双侧蛛网膜下腔出血，ct血管造影显示9 × 5 mm A2动脉瘤。她随后接受了栓塞治疗破裂的动脉瘤。她的神经系统恢复良好，随后的心脏成像显示她先前的问题完全解决了。

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引用次数: 0

Factors Influencing Extravasation of Newborn Intravenous Infusions: A Review 新生儿静脉输液外渗的影响因素综述

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00030

Fang Huang, Lixuan Huang, Fengzhen Liao, Jiangping Huang, Jiaojiao Wei, Qun Liang, Zhenpeng Huang

Newborns, with their low immune system, lack of self-care ability, and inability to express discomfort through language, face challenges during the treatment of diseases, especially during intravenous infusion treatments where extravasation can occur. The inability of nurses to immediately detect extravasation often leads to severe consequences, including disability and even death. This increases the pain and treatment costs for children and places a heavy burden on healthcare professionals, hospitals, and society. Neonatal infusion extravasation is widespread during intravenous infusion and is influenced by various factors. Therefore, this article aims to review the research progress on relevant influencing factors that cause neonatal infusion extravasation.

新生儿免疫系统低下，缺乏自我照顾能力，无法通过语言表达不适，在疾病治疗中面临挑战，特别是在静脉输注治疗中，可能发生外渗。护士不能立即发现外渗往往会导致严重后果，包括残疾甚至死亡。这增加了儿童的痛苦和治疗费用，给医疗保健专业人员、医院和社会带来了沉重的负担。新生儿输液外渗在静脉输液过程中普遍存在，受多种因素影响。因此，本文就新生儿输液外渗相关影响因素的研究进展进行综述。

引用次数: 0

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 人工智能在医学中的应用

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00048

Ruby Srivastava

Artificial intelligence (AI) with machine learning tools are used to search, store, and analyze medical data to benefit both physicians and the health of patients in various ways. With the advancement in machine learning algorithms and bioinformatics techniques, AI has become an essential part of modern healthcare society. AI algorithms and deep learning applications support clinicians with managing health records, making diagnoses and clinical decisions, prescribing medication, determining mental health, and imaging analysis. Clinicians gain rapid access to information and research relevant to the needs of the patients. As some algorithms compete with and sometimes outperform clinicians, it is necessary to fully integrate this technology into daily medical practices. However, we must recognize the strengths and weaknesses of AI, and obtain the perspectives of experts outside the medical field to enable the inclusion of the ethical, philosophical, sociological, psychological, behavioral, and economical aspects of machine behavior when understanding the evolving interaction of machines with humans, so that it can be used for advantageous purposes. AI technology cannot be considered a replacement for physicians, rather it can act as multiple task-oriented device support to ease the burden on clinicians so that they can provide better care of life to patients at every level.

人工智能(AI)与机器学习工具被用于搜索、存储和分析医疗数据，以各种方式使医生和患者的健康受益。随着机器学习算法和生物信息学技术的进步，人工智能已经成为现代医疗保健社会的重要组成部分。人工智能算法和深度学习应用程序支持临床医生管理健康记录、做出诊断和临床决策、开处方、确定心理健康状况和成像分析。临床医生可以快速获得与患者需求相关的信息和研究。由于一些算法与临床医生竞争，有时甚至超过临床医生，因此有必要将这项技术完全整合到日常医疗实践中。然而，我们必须认识到人工智能的优势和劣势，并获得医学领域以外专家的观点，以便在理解机器与人类不断发展的相互作用时，将机器行为的伦理、哲学、社会学、心理学、行为和经济方面纳入其中，以便将其用于有利的目的。人工智能技术不能被认为是医生的替代品，相反，它可以作为多任务导向的设备支持，减轻临床医生的负担，使他们能够为各个层次的患者提供更好的生活护理。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional Support Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review. 创伤性脑损伤后的营养支持：综述。

Exploratory research and hypothesis in medicine

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00086

Divine Nwafor, Joel Goeckeritz, Zahra Hasanpour, Caroline Davidson, Brandon Lucke-Wold

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can contribute to extensive dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal system, leading to worsened outcomes. The importance of nutrition in recovery is underappreciated but highly important. In this focused review, we discuss the timing of nutritional interventions with supporting data. We highlight routes of administration that are important given the extent of injury often seen in TBI. The increased energy demands can be met through these approaches. Furthermore, patients need increased vitamins, minerals, and supplements. These interventions are constantly being refined. The current standards are reviewed with an emphasis on evidence-based practices.

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）可导致胃肠系统的广泛失调，导致结果恶化。营养在康复中的重要性被低估了，但却非常重要。在这篇重点综述中，我们讨论了营养干预的时机和支持数据。鉴于TBI中常见的损伤程度，我们强调了重要的给药途径。通过这些方法可以满足日益增长的能源需求。此外，患者需要增加维生素、矿物质和补充剂。这些干预措施正在不断完善。对现行标准进行了审查，重点是循证实践。

引用次数: 0

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