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Exploring the future of urban death: Speculative design and the concept of necropolis 4.0

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.105859

Farzan Baradaran Rahimi

As urban areas rapidly expand, they grapple with multifaceted issues such as population growth, climate change, land shortage, resource constraints, and social inequalities. Proactive planning for the future is essential to foster the development of sustainable and resilient cities capable of adapting to evolving needs. One such needs is designing for death in the urban future, given the outdated, polluting, cumbersome, and unsustainable methods currently in use. Drawing inspiration from theories of social space, hybrid space, and the historical concept of the necropolis, while integrating technological advancements such as extended reality, super artificial intelligence, quantum computing, biodegradable materials, and Web 4.0, this study aims to reimagine the design for death in the urban future through three alternative scenarios. Integrating technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution into speculative design approach, experts' evaluation identifies Necropolis 4.0 as the closest scenario to the ideal solution. Findings serve a dual purpose. First, focusing on Necropolis 4.0, establishes a nature-human-machine relationship and paves the way for designers, planners, and policymakers to envision a novel, green, and sustainable design for death in the urban future. Second, methodological contribution of this research enhances the way we use speculative design approach in urban planning.

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引用次数: 0

Do informational nudges effectively enhance the legal compliance of fertiliser companies? Lessons from randomised field experiments in Japan

IF 3.4 2区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

European Review of Agricultural Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/erae/jbaf005

Hiroki Sasaki, Daisuke Kunii

This study examines whether informational nudges effectively enhance adherence to the Fertiliser Act among Japanese fertiliser companies (N = 2,382) by conducting field experiments in collaboration with a national regulatory body. We find that the timely submission of reports to the authority increased by at least 5.7 percentage points, from a baseline of 70.3 per cent. This result suggests that highlighting the consequences of noncompliance—such as imprisonment and fines—through a loss aversion message effectively encourages compliance. These effects sustained for over a year in some regions, though being marginally significant. The loss aversion message has the greatest impact among both the smallest and largest companies.

引用次数: 0

Non-state armed actors, war economies and postwar violence – Examining the connections

IF 5.4 1区经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106918

Sabine Kurtenbach , Angelika Rettberg , Gabriel Rosero , José Salguero

In the context of war, states and non-state actors alike need resources to fund their armed activities. While states can use taxes to this end, non-state actors often need either territorial control to mimic the taxing abilities of a state or to participate in the trade of legal and illegal resources. After a war ends, these activities have no clear-cut end, but they may continue to fund other manifestations of postwar violence. We therefore ask: How do non-state war economies or rebels’ access to economic resources matter for understanding postwar violence? More specifically, what conditions might reinforce or mitigate these legacies after the termination of hostilities? In this paper, we challenge the general assumption that war economies thwart postwar transformations and peacebuilding. Motivated by scattered empirical evidence suggesting significant variation on the ground, we apply a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) research design to examine a sample of 42 postwar episodes. We focus on how the access of rebels and non-state groups to economic resources shape postwar violence. Due to the poor quality of comparable quantitative data across countries, we use a two-step approach. We first identify clusters of postwar societies based on the existence or absence of non-state armed actors’ access to resources and the level of postwar violence. Drawing from these findings, we validate the clusters with illustrative case studies in a second step. Our results show no linear pathway from the actors’ access to resources to postwar crime and violence. In fact, our findings suggest that the characteristics and depth of postwar crime and violence depend on specific and dynamic combinations of political regime and economic state capacities, which operate as intermediating factors fostering violence when weak or mitigating/counteracting violence when strong. Our findings caution against fatalistic—even deterministic—views of war economies shaping postwar societies. Far from being doomed, countries emerging from war find opportunities to strengthen democratic participation and diversify state presence. This confirms long-held notions that peacebuilding, as well as postwar crime and violence, amount largely to a question of building strong, capable, and inclusive institutions.

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引用次数: 0

When past meets present: A mixed-methods study of heating practices in Sweden during the energy crisis

IF 6.9 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104013

Jenny von Platten

During the energy crisis in 2022/2023, households across Europe were encouraged to reduce their energy use to contribute to energy sufficiency, sovereignty, and solidarity. This paper explores energy saving heating practices among Swedish single-family households during the energy crisis in 2022. The Energy Cultures Framework is used to investigate how material culture and norms affect practices for energy sufficiency, here explored as having a partly heated dwelling, and indicators of energy vulnerability, here explored as limiting heating to the extent of feeling cold. A mixed-methods approach was adopted in an Explanatory Sequential Design using over 900 survey responses from the fall of 2022 and 44 oral histories collected during the winters of 2023 and 2024 to gain a comprehensive understanding of how households' past and present influence heating practices. It was found that heating system affects both heating practices, showing how electric heating caused sufficiency as well as vulnerability among households during the energy crisis. It was also found that factors related to upbringing affected the practice of having a partly heated dwelling, whereas factors related to individual characteristics primarily correlated with limiting heating to the extent of feeling cold, where women and people with poorer health were more likely to feel cold. Built on a rigorous empirical material, the findings of this study can help promote more just policy measures that account for the various ways, affected by both past and present, in which heating reductions are unevenly available as well as tolerable for different households.

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引用次数: 0

Chrono-urbanism in action: Collaborative governance for heritage preservation and livability in Beijing's Hutongs

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.105841

Ning Qiu , Zibo Xing , Xinyu Han , Mengbing Du

This study examines the urban planning phenomenon of heritage to community, focusing on how collaborative governance integrates heritage preservation with livability. Using Beijing's Shijia and Sanjing Hutongs as case studies, we examine how these communities balance historical integrity with modern living needs. Employing door-to-door surveys and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study reveals that collaborative governance enhances neighborhood satisfaction by strengthening social capital and local attachment, which in turn improves heritage preservation awareness and outcomes. The findings highlight that enhancing livability is not just compatible with preservation but essential to it. Additionally, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is used to assess the role of the Shijia Hutong Museum as a spatial foundation for collaborative governance, demonstrating how such spaces strengthen collective action. This research positions cultural heritage within the chrono-urbanism framework, offering a new perspective on balancing the dual goals of heritage preservation and livability.

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引用次数: 0

The impact of intermediaries on insurance demand and pricing

IF 1.9 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Insurance Mathematics & Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2025.03.002

Dongchen Li , Yan Zeng , Yixing Zhao

We study the impact of an independent insurance intermediary on insurance demand and pricing. The intermediary holds a fiduciary duty to an unsophisticated insurance buyer and adopts two remuneration systems: a fee-for-advice system and a commission system. Insurance contracting between the buyer (via the intermediary) and the insurer is formulated as a Stackelberg insurance game. Our analysis yields closed-form expressions for the buyer's equilibrium indemnity and the insurer's equilibrium premium loading. Subsequently, we explore the effects of fiduciary duty and remuneration arrangements on equilibrium strategies and stakeholder welfare, unraveling several economic implications. We find that the phenomenon of over-insuring at high premiums attributes to the deterioration of fiduciary duty. Additionally, our results point to the potential presence of tacit collusion between the intermediary and insurer. Moreover, we observe that there is no consensus among stakeholders regarding the most favored remuneration system in the market.

引用次数: 0

Information and policing

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q3 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Theory

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2025.105992

Shota Ichihashi

Agents decide whether to commit a crime based on their private types, which capture their heterogeneous returns from a crime. The police have information about these types. The police search agents, without commitment, to detect crime subject to a search capacity constraint. The deterrent effect of policing is lost when the police have full information about agents' types. The crime-minimizing information structure prevents the police from identifying agents who face high returns from a crime, while still allowing them to adjust their search intensities based on the types of agents who face low returns from a crime. The result extends to the case in which the police endogenously choose search capacity at a cost.

引用次数: 0

Charging forward: A greenhouse gas emissions analysis of New York State's electric vehicle and clean energy goals

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114573

Sarah Kear , Luana M. Marangon Lima , Noah Kittner

States throughout the U.S. are implementing electric vehicle (EV)-focused policies to spur EV adoption. EVs are viewed as an environmentally friendly mobility choice for passenger vehicles due to their lack of direct emissions like conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, EVs use electricity for power and produce upstream emissions. In 2022, New York State enacted legislation stipulating that by 2035, all new vehicles would be zero emission vehicles. Similarly, the New York Independent System Operator, the organization operating New York's electric grid, has a public goal that 100 percent of electricity is net zero by 2040. Both policy initiatives aim to decrease greenhouse gas emissions but do not provide equal decreases in CO₂ emissions throughout the state. This analysis explores how these policies work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in New York State, using county level analysis to assess emission changes. The study finds that under current policies, there will be unequal decreases in emissions, with urban areas in the southeastern part of the state experiencing the greatest decline. Current state-level policies lack specific guidance for equitable EV adoption, particularly in rural areas indicating for target policy interventions to increase rural EV infrastructure and adoption.

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引用次数: 0

Formalising the urban pattern language: A morphological paradigm towards understanding the multi-scalar spatial structure of cities

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.105854

Cai Wu , Jiong Wang , Mingshu Wang , Filip Biljecki , Menno-Jan Kraak

The urban form is a foundational element in urban analytics, planning, and design. However, systematic and consistent depiction of urban form is challenging due to the complexity of urban elements and the variety of scales involved. This paper formalizes the concept of ‘urban pattern language’ as a multi-scalar analytical approach to decode such complexity, drawing on Christopher Alexander's idea that offers solutions for recurrent design problems observed in historic and contemporary urban settings. This analytic approach is applied to two case study cities to explore how urban forms can be decoded and communicated across scales and demonstrate how urban morphological elements can be systematically organised into recognisable patterns that simplify analysis and enhance understanding. The findings show that these patterns are not arbitrary but follow structured, rule-based relationships that vary across scales, revealing an underlying order within the urban form. Finally, the study illustrates that these rules are unique to each city, potentially reflecting specific cultural, historical, and spatial contexts. By identifying city-specific, multi-scalar patterns, this framework offers a powerful framework for urban planning and design, allowing practitioners to develop adaptable and context-sensitive strategies.

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引用次数: 0

A two-stage game model of probabilistic price manipulation in decentralized exchanges

IF 4.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Economic Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107055

Bumho Son , Yunyoung Lee , Huisu Jang

This study investigates price manipulation in decentralized exchanges (DEXs) — blockchain-based, peer-to-peer trading platforms operating without central intermediaries — where manipulators reorder transactions to profit from artificial price changes. Prior research typically assumes that they always exploit the maximum price slippage, but this overlooks how uncertainty in transaction ordering affects overall profits. We develop a two-stage, game-theoretic model that incorporates unpredictable state transitions and strategic fee competition. Analyzing 4,810 swap transactions, we find that manipulators frequently choose smaller trading volumes rather than maximizing slippage, indicating a trade-off between transaction costs and profit uncertainty. A behavioral extension, which accounts for investors’ risk-seeking tendencies, further supports these findings. Overall, this work contributes to the literature on manipulative trading in decentralized markets and offers actionable insights for policymakers and platform designers aiming to enhance market fairness.

引用次数: 0

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