Utilities Policy最新文献

英文中文

Performance benchmarking of European postal incumbents with TOPSIS and BMW-TOPSIS 利用 TOPSIS 和 BMW-TOPSIS 对欧洲邮政现有企业的绩效进行基准测试

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101845

Given the uncertain position and specific role of postal incumbents in Europe, creating a framework for mutual comparison is essential. In this regard, this study aims to develop a methodology that will compare their relevant performance. On the other hand, management and host countries can be promptly alerted if something hinders postal incumbents from providing optimal performance. Two methods have been applied: the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and its variation, Best-Middle-Worst (BMW)-TOPSIS, on a sample of 16 incumbents from the EU and candidate countries. The results indicate that a finer adjustment is achieved in terms of ranking by the BMW-TOPSIS method. An open question regarding the selection of postal incumbents is whether it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rule that the number of their attributes is less than or equal to half of the attributes of the Middle point. The example of Latvia shows that if an alternative contains values from which the Best point is composed, an exception can be made in the selection. The development of the Middle point provides an opportunity for a more in-depth analysis, especially in cases where the values of the criteria differ significantly. Unlike classical TOPSIS, it offers a clearer visualization that supports the understanding of postal incumbents and their performance.

鉴于欧洲邮政运营商的不确定地位和特殊作用，建立一个相互比较的框架至关重要。为此，本研究旨在制定一种方法，对它们的相关绩效进行比较。另一方面，如果有什么因素阻碍了邮政企业提供最佳服务，管理部门和东道国可以及时得到提醒。在对欧盟和候选国的 16 个邮政企业进行抽样调查时，采用了两种方法："与理想方案相似度排序技术"（TOPSIS）及其变体 "最佳-中间-最差（BMW）-TOPSIS"。结果表明，BMW-TOPSIS 方法在排序方面实现了更精细的调整。关于邮政现任者的选择，一个尚未解决的问题是，是否有必要严格遵守其属性数小于或等于中间点属性数一半的规则。拉脱维亚的例子表明，如果一个备选方案包含了由最佳点组成的值，那么在选择时就可以破例。中间点的发展为更深入的分析提供了机会，特别是在标准值相差很大的情况下。与传统的 TOPSIS 方法不同的是，它提供了一种更清晰的可视化方法，有助于了解邮政现任者及其表现。

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引用次数: 0

Electricity security in Uganda: Measurement and policy priorities 乌干达的电力安全：衡量和政策优先事项

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101844

Reliable, accessible, affordable, and sustainable electricity systems are fundamental to modern and progressive economies. For developing societies, particularly those with fragile power generation capabilities and electricity networks, the electricity security metrics are incomparable and remain untested. A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method that follows an entropy-based weighting system is employed to quantitatively evaluate and construct an Electricity Security Index (ESI) for Uganda. Results reveal that Uganda is “moderately” electricity secure. Out of the maximum possible score of 100, a year-on-year analysis indicates that the ESI score was highest in 2007 (56) and the lowest was registered in 2015 (39). Based on the VIKOR technique, it is observed that electricity reliability contributes the most to the ESI, while electricity access contributes the least. Although expansion of electricity generation capacity is necessary, energy policies should, in equal measure, prioritize adequate investments in robust and modern transmission and distribution infrastructure. A riveting policy implication is that governance quality enhances a country's electricity system by reinforcing the other dimensions of electricity security.

可靠、方便、可负担和可持续的电力系统是现代和进步经济体的基础。对于发展中社会，尤其是那些发电能力和电网脆弱的社会，电力安全指标是无法比拟的，也是未经检验的。采用基于熵权系统的多标准决策（MCDM）方法，对乌干达的电力安全指数（ESI）进行了定量评估和构建。结果显示，乌干达的电力安全程度为 "中等"。在最高可能得分 100 分中，逐年分析表明，2007 年的 ESI 得分最高（56 分），2015 年最低（39 分）。根据 VIKOR 技术，可以看出电力可靠性对 ESI 的贡献最大，而电力供应对 ESI 的贡献最小。虽然扩大发电能力是必要的，但能源政策也应同样优先考虑对强大的现代化输配电基础设施进行适当投资。一个引人入胜的政策含义是，治理质量可以通过加强电力安全的其他方面来增强一个国家的电力系统。

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引用次数: 0

The digital economy and energy poverty in Central and Eastern Europe 中欧和东欧的数字经济与能源贫困

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101841

Energy policies to address fuel poverty must consider digital transformation, as the entire policy framework needs to be managed as an interconnected system. This analysis explores how internet development and renewable energy consumption affected energy poverty in Central and Eastern European countries. By applying mean group estimators and quantile regression, the study shows that better internet access and foreign direct investment reduce energy poverty, as evidenced by fewer utility bill arrears and more households maintaining warmth. These results highlight the need for a unified policy integrating digital and renewable energy strategies to address energy poverty effectively.

解决燃料贫困问题的能源政策必须考虑数字化转型，因为整个政策框架需要作为一个相互关联的系统来管理。本分析探讨了互联网发展和可再生能源消费如何影响中东欧国家的能源贫困问题。通过应用均值组估计和量阶回归，研究表明，更好的互联网接入和外国直接投资减少了能源贫困，这体现在拖欠水电费的情况减少了，更多的家庭保持了温暖。这些结果突出表明，有必要制定一项整合数字和可再生能源战略的统一政策，以有效解决能源贫困问题。

引用次数: 0

Preserving competition and economic welfare in Israel's PV market 维护以色列光伏市场的竞争和经济福利

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101842

Despite global efforts, many countries struggle to meet renewable energy targets. In 2022, Israel's renewable energy accounted for only 10% of its electricity generation despite its abundant solar resources. This study analyzes the outcomes of three tenders for photovoltaic (PV) facilities aimed at advancing national renewable energy goals. The results reveal lower production costs but increased market concentration, with a 50% reduction in the number of winning firms, consolidating around major players. While efficiency has improved, the exit of smaller, less competitive firms raises concerns about long-term dominance. Cournot oligopoly simulations predict rising concentration and market power.

尽管全球都在努力，但许多国家仍难以实现可再生能源目标。2022 年，尽管以色列拥有丰富的太阳能资源，但其可再生能源发电量仅占其发电量的 10%。本研究分析了旨在推进国家可再生能源目标的三次光伏设施招标的结果。结果显示，生产成本降低了，但市场集中度却提高了，中标企业数量减少了 50%，主要企业被整合在一起。虽然效率有所提高，但规模较小、竞争力较弱的企业的退出引发了对长期主导地位的担忧。库诺寡头垄断模拟预测了集中度和市场力量的上升。

引用次数: 0

Organizational models for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants: Lessons from the United Kingdom and the United States 核电站退役的组织模式：英国和美国的经验教训

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101843

With nuclear reactor fleets continuously aging, the decommissioning of closed reactors is gaining increasing attention. In nuclear decommissioning, technical, organizational, and regulatory challenges lead to long project durations and cost escalations. This paper attempts to examine the organizational efficiencies in nuclear decommissioning by applying the framework of the "system good" analysis and assessments based on new institutional economics. It compares the former parent-body-organization model practiced in the United Kingdom with current approaches observed in the United States, highlighting potential gains and policy recommendations for private sector involvement in nuclear decommissioning. Inefficiencies experienced in the United Kingdom include regulatory issues, private actors' opportunism, and information asymmetries. Comparatively, the models observed in the United States show fewer such issues, but regulators should address potential profit-driven shortcuts and funding adequacy.

随着核反应堆群不断老化，封闭反应堆的退役问题日益受到关注。在核退役过程中，技术、组织和监管方面的挑战导致项目工期延长、成本上升。本文试图运用基于新制度经济学的 "系统良好 "分析和评估框架，研究核退役的组织效率。本文比较了英国以前采用的母体组织模式和美国目前采用的方法，强调了私营部门参与核退役的潜在收益和政策建议。英国所经历的低效率包括监管问题、私人行为者的机会主义和信息不对称。相比之下，在美国观察到的模式显示此类问题较少，但监管机构应解决潜在的利润驱动捷径和资金充足问题。

引用次数: 0

Oil prices and the renewable energy transition: Empirical evidence from China 石油价格与可再生能源转型：中国的经验证据

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101840

This paper explores the effect of oil price, gross domestic product (GDP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on renewable energy consumption in China from 1990 to 2020, utilizing the canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) method. The findings indicate that the oil price, GDP and CO2 emissions positively and significantly affect renewable energy consumption over the examined time frame. Numerically, a 1% increase in oil prices, GDP, and CO2 emissions results in a 0.16%, 0.39%, and 1.70% increase in renewable energy consumption, respectively. The positive effect of oil prices on renewable energy consumption can be seen as the cost advantage of renewable energy, which may grow with rising oil prices, leading to a rise in its adoption. The study underscores the significance of promoting renewable energy usage, emphasizing the need for policies that aid energy security and environmental sustainability.

本文利用典型协整回归（CCR）方法，探讨了 1990-2020 年间油价、国内生产总值（GDP）和二氧化碳排放量对中国可再生能源消费的影响。研究结果表明，在研究时段内，油价、GDP 和二氧化碳排放量对可再生能源消费有显著的正向影响。从数值上看，油价、国内生产总值和二氧化碳排放量每增加 1%，可再生能源消费量就会分别增加 0.16%、0.39% 和 1.70%。油价对可再生能源消费的积极影响可以看作是可再生能源的成本优势，这种优势可能会随着油价的上涨而增加，从而导致可再生能源的采用率上升。这项研究强调了推广使用可再生能源的重要意义，并强调需要制定有助于能源安全和环境可持续性的政策。

引用次数: 0

Effect of electricity policy uncertainty and carbon emission prices on electricity demand in China based on mixed-frequency data models 基于混合频率数据模型的电力政策不确定性和碳排放价格对中国电力需求的影响

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101825

This paper first constructs the electricity policy uncertainty (EPU) in China with textual methods and analyses the effect of the EPU and carbon emission prices (CEPs) on the total electricity demand. This paper also forecasts the demand for electricity in China with three mixed-frequency data models. The results show that the EPU index efficiently captures the uncertainty of China's electricity policy. The effects of EPU and CEPs on electricity demand are significant, and incorporating them into the forecasting model will improve the accuracy and timeliness. Moreover, compared with the ARMA model and LSTM neural networks, mixed-frequency data models perform better in electricity demand forecasting.

本文首先利用文本方法构建了中国电力政策不确定性（EPU），并分析了电力政策不确定性和碳排放价格（CEP）对电力总需求的影响。本文还利用三个混合频率数据模型对中国的电力需求进行了预测。结果表明，EPU 指数有效地捕捉了中国电力政策的不确定性。EPU 和 CEP 对电力需求的影响显著，将其纳入预测模型将提高预测的准确性和及时性。此外，与 ARMA 模型和 LSTM 神经网络相比，混合频率数据模型在电力需求预测中表现更好。

引用次数: 0

The impact of pollution information disclosure on household electricity consumption: Evidence from China 污染信息披露对家庭用电量的影响：来自中国的证据

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101838

Using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and other county- and city-level datasets, we examined the effect of pollution information disclosure (PID) on household electricity use in China. The results show that PID led to a significant increase in the sensitivity of household electricity consumption to changes in air quality, particularly in higher-income and more educated households and in more polluted cities. This finding may be attributed to enhanced public awareness of pollution risk and subsequent behavioral responses. We highlight the need for holistic policies based on the interplay between environmental awareness, behavioral change, and energy consumption.

利用中国家庭面板研究（CFPS）和其他县市级数据集，我们研究了污染信息披露（PID）对中国家庭用电的影响。结果表明，污染信息公开显著提高了家庭用电量对空气质量变化的敏感度，尤其是在高收入、高学历家庭和污染较严重的城市。这一结果可能归因于公众对污染风险的认识提高以及随后的行为反应。我们强调有必要在环境意识、行为改变和能源消耗之间相互作用的基础上制定综合政策。

引用次数: 0

Developing a global sustainable electricity use index using the pressure-state-response framework 利用压力-状态-响应框架制定全球可持续用电指数

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101826

This study analyse and compare the sustainable electricity usage in 60 countries listed on the official websites of World Energy Consumption Statistics and Climate Bond Initiative. The study also analyses the impact of increased usage of sustainable electricity on the economies' dependence on non-renewable energy sources in the evaluation system. We used a standard index system based on the Pressure-State Response (PSR) model to measure global sustainable electricity usage. Model results convey that Norway is the best performer in sustainable electricity usage, while several European countries display commendable scores, confirming their commitment to sustainable electricity practices. On the other hand, despite being the leading economies in terms of GDP, major economies such as the United States, China, Japan, and India have underperformed compared to others in the evaluation system. The study employs regression techniques to explain the relationship between sustainable electricity usage and non-renewable energy dependence. Results confirm a negative relationship between the variables, indicating the role of sustainable energy practices in reducing fossil fuel consumption. It emphasizes the urgency of a balanced approach to economic growth and natural resource usage to support a green future.

本研究对世界能源消耗统计和气候债券倡议官方网站上列出的 60 个国家的可持续电力使用情况进行了分析和比较。研究还分析了可持续电力使用量的增加对评价体系中经济体对不可再生能源依赖程度的影响。我们采用了基于压力-状态响应（PSR）模型的标准指标体系来衡量全球可持续电力使用情况。模型结果表明，挪威在可持续用电方面表现最佳，而几个欧洲国家的得分也值得称赞，这证明了它们在可持续用电方面的承诺。另一方面，尽管美国、中国、日本和印度等主要经济体在国内生产总值方面处于领先地位，但在评价体系中的表现却不如其他国家。本研究采用回归技术来解释可持续用电与不可再生能源依赖性之间的关系。结果证实了变量之间的负相关关系，表明了可持续能源实践在减少化石燃料消耗方面的作用。研究强调，当务之急是平衡经济增长和自然资源使用，以支持绿色未来。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring wholesale electricity price risk from climate change: Evidence from Portugal 衡量气候变化带来的批发电价风险：葡萄牙的证据

IF 3.8 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2024.101837

The increasing widespread utilization of renewable energy sources, especially those reliant on the weather, coupled with the effects of climate change, is making electricity markets more sensitive to weather conditions. Portugal relies heavily on hydropower for its domestic energy generation. With its robust VAR approach, this study aims to comprehend how water resource variations due to precipitation patterns or reservoir levels influence price dynamics in the wholesale electricity market. By investigating whether these price increases are associated with temperature variations and considering the impact of temperature on both electricity demand and the availability of water resources for power generation, we provide crucial insights into the vulnerability of the electricity system to hydrological uncertainties. These findings can help stakeholders, including policymakers and industry professionals, develop effective strategies to manage price fluctuations. Understanding these relationships is critical to informed decision-making regarding resource allocation, energy market regulations, and infrastructure planning to mitigate the impact of climate-induced changes on electricity prices.

可再生能源的利用越来越广泛，特别是那些依赖天气的能源，再加上气候变化的影响，使得电力市场对天气条件更加敏感。葡萄牙的国内能源生产严重依赖水力发电。本研究采用稳健的 VAR 方法，旨在了解降水模式或水库水位导致的水资源变化如何影响电力批发市场的价格动态。通过调查这些价格上涨是否与气温变化有关，并考虑气温对电力需求和用于发电的水资源可用性的影响，我们提供了电力系统易受水文不确定性影响的重要见解。这些发现可以帮助包括政策制定者和行业专业人士在内的利益相关者制定管理价格波动的有效策略。了解这些关系对于资源分配、能源市场监管和基础设施规划方面的知情决策至关重要，从而减轻气候引起的变化对电价的影响。

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