This study examines the spillover effect of California's 2016 single‐use bag ban (SB 270) on unregulated single‐use plastics (SUPs) like cutlery, cups, and plates. We observed an insignificant 4.8% decrease in SUP sales over the entire post‐policy period, but a larger 8.1% drop in the second post‐year, which was only marginally significant. The findings suggest weak spillover effects from such environmental policies, indicating that direct regulations on certain environmentally harmful products might be more effective if jurisdictions aim to prohibit citizens from excessive use, rather than relying on the positive spillover effect from existing policies.
{"title":"Environmental policy behavioral spillovers: The impact of California's single‐use carryout bag ban on the use of unregulated single‐use plastics","authors":"Sungeun Yoon, Lisa House, Zhifeng Gao","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13473","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the spillover effect of California's 2016 single‐use bag ban (SB 270) on unregulated single‐use plastics (SUPs) like cutlery, cups, and plates. We observed an insignificant 4.8% decrease in SUP sales over the entire post‐policy period, but a larger 8.1% drop in the second post‐year, which was only marginally significant. The findings suggest weak spillover effects from such environmental policies, indicating that direct regulations on certain environmentally harmful products might be more effective if jurisdictions aim to prohibit citizens from excessive use, rather than relying on the positive spillover effect from existing policies.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda M. Countryman, Valentyn Litvinov, Ivan Kolodiazhnyi, Mariia Bogonos, Oleg Nivievskyi
The war in Ukraine caused export disruptions that jeopardized the availability and affordability of agricultural and food products around the world. This research employs a computable general equilibrium modeling framework to understand the global economic effects of war‐induced agricultural export declines from Ukraine, given the inability to export through the Black Sea. Results show net global welfare losses ranging from more than $5 billion to nearly $20 billion depending on the success of transport through European Solidarity Lanes.
{"title":"Global economic effects of war‐induced agricultural export declines from Ukraine","authors":"Amanda M. Countryman, Valentyn Litvinov, Ivan Kolodiazhnyi, Mariia Bogonos, Oleg Nivievskyi","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13468","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Ukraine caused export disruptions that jeopardized the availability and affordability of agricultural and food products around the world. This research employs a computable general equilibrium modeling framework to understand the global economic effects of war‐induced agricultural export declines from Ukraine, given the inability to export through the Black Sea. Results show net global welfare losses ranging from more than $5 billion to nearly $20 billion depending on the success of transport through European Solidarity Lanes.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modhurima Dey Amin, Syed Badruddoza, Oscar Sarasty
We employ a neural network (NN) approach—Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM)—to study agricultural commodity prices during the 2008 Great Recession and the COVID‐19 recession. Our analysis reveals more structural breaks and higher volatility in plant‐based commodities like corn and soybeans during recessions compared with animal‐based commodities. The price reactions varied among commodities, with corn responding first to both recessions, while milk price, which was found independent of other prices, recovered last from the financial recession and first from the disease‐induced recession. This insight into commodity behavior during recessions can aid in trend prediction and recession preparation for investors and researchers.
{"title":"Comparing the great recession and COVID‐19 using Long Short‐Term Memory: A close look into agricultural commodity prices","authors":"Modhurima Dey Amin, Syed Badruddoza, Oscar Sarasty","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13472","url":null,"abstract":"We employ a neural network (NN) approach—Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM)—to study agricultural commodity prices during the 2008 Great Recession and the COVID‐19 recession. Our analysis reveals more structural breaks and higher volatility in plant‐based commodities like corn and soybeans during recessions compared with animal‐based commodities. The price reactions varied among commodities, with corn responding first to both recessions, while milk price, which was found independent of other prices, recovered last from the financial recession and first from the disease‐induced recession. This insight into commodity behavior during recessions can aid in trend prediction and recession preparation for investors and researchers.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrios Kremmydas, Caetano Beber, Edoardo Baldoni, Pavel Ciaian, Thomas Fellmann, Alexander Gocht, Jordan Hristov, Davide Pignotti, Dolores Rey Vicario, Davit Stepanyan, Pascal Tillie
The EU aims to reach 25% of the total agricultural area under organic farming by 2030. Interlinking a farm‐level and agro‐economic market model, we assess impacts of achieving the target either at Member State or aggregated EU level. Results show that flexible budget allocation across Member States would be more cost‐efficient and less detrimental to EU production. Conversely, targeting at Member State level proves more effective in generating greater aggregated and more evenly distributed environmental benefits across EU regions. The results indicate the importance of leveraging tailored approaches to optimize organic farming outcomes across the EU.
{"title":"The EU target for organic farming: Potential economic and environmental impacts of two alternative pathways","authors":"Dimitrios Kremmydas, Caetano Beber, Edoardo Baldoni, Pavel Ciaian, Thomas Fellmann, Alexander Gocht, Jordan Hristov, Davide Pignotti, Dolores Rey Vicario, Davit Stepanyan, Pascal Tillie","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13470","url":null,"abstract":"The EU aims to reach 25% of the total agricultural area under organic farming by 2030. Interlinking a farm‐level and agro‐economic market model, we assess impacts of achieving the target either at Member State or aggregated EU level. Results show that flexible budget allocation across Member States would be more cost‐efficient and less detrimental to EU production. Conversely, targeting at Member State level proves more effective in generating greater aggregated and more evenly distributed environmental benefits across EU regions. The results indicate the importance of leveraging tailored approaches to optimize organic farming outcomes across the EU.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanbing Wang, Simon Hug, Judith Irek, Robert Finger
We investigate potential linkages between product and quality differentiation in the cheese markets and raw milk producer prices. We analyze the co‐movements of producer prices of milk delivered to cheese processing channels with different differentiation strategies, namely industrial, artisanal, and artisanal cheese with geographical indications (GI) in the Swiss dairy market. We find that overall, product and quality differentiation in cheese markets helps milk producers achieve higher and more stable prices. Additional GI protection does not guarantee further enhancement of producer prices. Rather, its effectiveness may depend largely on the strength of GI protection and the governance of producer organizations.
{"title":"Product differentiation, quality, and milk price stability: The case of the Swiss cheese market","authors":"Yanbing Wang, Simon Hug, Judith Irek, Robert Finger","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13467","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate potential linkages between product and quality differentiation in the cheese markets and raw milk producer prices. We analyze the co‐movements of producer prices of milk delivered to cheese processing channels with different differentiation strategies, namely industrial, artisanal, and artisanal cheese with geographical indications (GI) in the Swiss dairy market. We find that overall, product and quality differentiation in cheese markets helps milk producers achieve higher and more stable prices. Additional GI protection does not guarantee further enhancement of producer prices. Rather, its effectiveness may depend largely on the strength of GI protection and the governance of producer organizations.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The least developed agrarian countries often face an ironic situation where well‐intentioned foreign aid adversely influences their economies. This study explores the unintended consequences of official development assistance (ODA) from donor countries on agricultural exports from recipient countries by appreciating their domestic exchange rates. Motivated by the fact that ODA accounts for a larger share of their total GDP, we first examine whether ODA inflows increase the real effective exchange rate of the recipient country. Leveraging data from 47 countries over the period 2001–2018, we find that ODA inflows lead to real exchange rate appreciation, particularly in recipient countries with floating exchange rate regimes that are more susceptible to exchange rate fluctuations. Moreover, our results reveal that ODA inflows decrease agricultural exports in low‐income agrarian economies adopting floating exchange rate regimes. By taking a unique perspective of ODA as an inflow of foreign capital, this study highlights the importance of understanding the exchange rate regime and agricultural trade of the agrarian economy when providing international aid.
{"title":"Foreign aid, exchange rate regime, and agricultural trade","authors":"Kyunghun Kim, Sunghun Lim","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13464","url":null,"abstract":"The least developed agrarian countries often face an ironic situation where well‐intentioned foreign aid adversely influences their economies. This study explores the unintended consequences of official development assistance (ODA) from donor countries on agricultural exports from recipient countries by appreciating their domestic exchange rates. Motivated by the fact that ODA accounts for a larger share of their total GDP, we first examine whether ODA inflows increase the real effective exchange rate of the recipient country. Leveraging data from 47 countries over the period 2001–2018, we find that ODA inflows lead to real exchange rate appreciation, particularly in recipient countries with floating exchange rate regimes that are more susceptible to exchange rate fluctuations. Moreover, our results reveal that ODA inflows decrease agricultural exports in low‐income agrarian economies adopting floating exchange rate regimes. By taking a unique perspective of ODA as an inflow of foreign capital, this study highlights the importance of understanding the exchange rate regime and agricultural trade of the agrarian economy when providing international aid.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation accounts for only 11% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the life cycle of food but dominates food system conversations. We use national data from the 2017 Commodity Flow Survey to explore the tension between transportation, environmental, and agri‐food policies to understand the potential impact of the Electronic Logging Device (ELD) mandate on agri‐food transportation. We estimate the change in transportation time and energy use resulting from the ELD mandate's efforts to better enforce existing transportation regulations. Our analysis finds that there will likely be an increase in resulting GHG emissions, which may alter the sustainability of on‐road agri‐food transportation.
{"title":"The potential for increased emissions due to the Electronic Logging Device mandate","authors":"Shellye Suttles, Tara Wade, Lurleen Walters","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13469","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation accounts for only 11% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the life cycle of food but dominates food system conversations. We use national data from the 2017 Commodity Flow Survey to explore the tension between transportation, environmental, and agri‐food policies to understand the potential impact of the Electronic Logging Device (ELD) mandate on agri‐food transportation. We estimate the change in transportation time and energy use resulting from the ELD mandate's efforts to better enforce existing transportation regulations. Our analysis finds that there will likely be an increase in resulting GHG emissions, which may alter the sustainability of on‐road agri‐food transportation.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence suggests the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion may increase participation in other public programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. This study examines a potential mechanism behind these effects. Before the expansion, most states operated Integrated Eligibility Systems that managed enrollment processes for various public programs. In 2014, many states decoupled Medicaid from these platforms following Medicaid's new eligibility criteria. This research examines the impact of Medicaid expansion on integrated systems and SNAP participation, finding higher SNAP participation rates in states with uninterrupted Integrated Eligibility Systems compared to those that delinked their systems or never had such systems.
{"title":"Medicaid expansion and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: The role of Integrated Eligibility Systems","authors":"Bidisha Mandal","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13466","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion may increase participation in other public programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. This study examines a potential mechanism behind these effects. Before the expansion, most states operated Integrated Eligibility Systems that managed enrollment processes for various public programs. In 2014, many states decoupled Medicaid from these platforms following Medicaid's new eligibility criteria. This research examines the impact of Medicaid expansion on integrated systems and SNAP participation, finding higher SNAP participation rates in states with uninterrupted Integrated Eligibility Systems compared to those that delinked their systems or never had such systems.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given China's role as a dominant grain and oilseeds importer, any changes in Chinese policy can significantly affect exporting countries. We estimate how the domestic supply and demand factors determine China's grain and oilseed imports and project the impact on U.S. exports to China with changes in Chinese policies. The results indicate that China's policy on increasing domestic soybeans and corn production and decreasing meat consumption can considerably diminish the U.S. and its competitors' exports to China. The key policy implication is that the United States should actively seek out new export markets considering China's evolving supply and demand conditions.
{"title":"China's meat sector growth and U.S. grain and oilseed exports","authors":"Sunil P. Dhoubhadel, William Ridley","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13462","url":null,"abstract":"Given China's role as a dominant grain and oilseeds importer, any changes in Chinese policy can significantly affect exporting countries. We estimate how the domestic supply and demand factors determine China's grain and oilseed imports and project the impact on U.S. exports to China with changes in Chinese policies. The results indicate that China's policy on increasing domestic soybeans and corn production and decreasing meat consumption can considerably diminish the U.S. and its competitors' exports to China. The key policy implication is that the United States should actively seek out new export markets considering China's evolving supply and demand conditions.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yejun Choi, Ram N. Acharya, Stephen Devadoss, Madhav Regmi
India has a growing demand for high‐value agricultural products due to rising incomes, urbanization, and consumer preferences. The United States is currently India's fifth‐largest supplier of agricultural products. However, trade barriers restrict bilateral trade between these two nations, and both countries are evaluating the prospects for lowering trade restrictions and enhancing bilateral trade. We employ a gravity model to analyze the effects of trade policies on India‐US bilateral trade and the potential implications for global agricultural trade. The results indicate that elimination of tariffs significantly boosts US exports to India and lowers Indian domestic prices, particularly for tree nuts, fresh fruit, and distilled spirits.
{"title":"Effects of tariff and non‐tariff barriers on India‐US agricultural trade","authors":"Yejun Choi, Ram N. Acharya, Stephen Devadoss, Madhav Regmi","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13463","url":null,"abstract":"India has a growing demand for high‐value agricultural products due to rising incomes, urbanization, and consumer preferences. The United States is currently India's fifth‐largest supplier of agricultural products. However, trade barriers restrict bilateral trade between these two nations, and both countries are evaluating the prospects for lowering trade restrictions and enhancing bilateral trade. We employ a gravity model to analyze the effects of trade policies on India‐US bilateral trade and the potential implications for global agricultural trade. The results indicate that elimination of tariffs significantly boosts US exports to India and lowers Indian domestic prices, particularly for tree nuts, fresh fruit, and distilled spirits.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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