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Household Debt and Housing: Source of Income Inequality in South Korea 家庭债务与住房:韩国收入不平等的根源
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2024.2399004
Soohyon Kim, Seolwoong Hwang
This study uncovers that the rising incidence of household debt, particularly being used for acquiring non-financial assets, correlates with a notable increase in income, predominantly benefitting ...
本研究发现,家庭债务的增加,特别是用于购买非金融资产的家庭债务的增加,与收入的显著增加相关联,而收入的增加主要受益于......
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引用次数: 0
Does the Depth of Digital Trade Rules Boost Bilateral Service Value-Added Trade? 数字贸易规则的深度是否促进了双边服务增值贸易?
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2024.2388514
Jinlong Zhao, Jingyuan Zhao, Linshan Jiang
The study found that high-level digital trade rules can significantly boost service value-added in trade between countries, with a more significant boosting effect on domestic value-added trade. Hi...
研究发现,高水平的数字贸易规则能显著提高国家间贸易的服务附加值,对国内附加值贸易的促进作用更为明显。高...
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of e-commerce on Local Retail Employment: Examining Heterogeneous Impacts by Employment and Regional Types* 电子商务对当地零售业就业的影响:按就业和地区类型研究异质性影响*
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2024.2317123
Chung Choe, Dongwoo Kang, Heesun Lee
This paper examines the impact of e-commerce on local retail employment and its heterogeneity by employment and regional types, using Korean retail survey. Our findings reveal that the positive imp...
本文利用韩国零售业调查,研究了电子商务对当地零售业就业的影响及其在就业和地区类型上的异质性。我们的研究结果表明,电子商务对当地零售业就业的积极影响...
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引用次数: 0
Breaking the Vicious Circle: Macroeconomic Perspectives on Policy Interventions for Female Labor Supply and the Gender Wage Gap 打破恶性循环:从宏观经济角度看女性劳动力供给和性别工资差距的政策干预
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2024.2318783
Youngjae Lee
This paper examines the interplay between the female labour supply and wages through human capital accumulation in South Korea, highlighting the significant gender wage gap and low female labor par...
本文研究了韩国女性劳动力供给与通过人力资本积累获得的工资之间的相互作用,强调了显著的性别工资差距和较低的女性劳动力准入门槛。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Trade Costs 地缘政治风险对贸易成本的影响
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2024.2305464
Yulin Hou, Wenjun Xue, Xin Zhang
This paper investigates the impact of geopolitical risk on trade costs across 43 countries from 1995 to 2019. The results show that geopolitical risk enters trade costs regressions positively and s...
本文研究了1995年至2019年43个国家的地缘政治风险对贸易成本的影响。结果表明,地缘政治风险对贸易成本的影响是正向和负向的。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Armed Conflict on Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): An Analysis of Conflict Over Government, Conflict Over Territory, and FDI 武装冲突对外来直接投资(FDI)的影响:对政府冲突、领土冲突和外国直接投资的分析
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2024.2305468
Miao Grace Wang, M.C. Sunny Wong, Hong Zhuang, Reinhard Cate
We examine the relationship between armed conflict and foreign direct investment (FDI) in host countries. With data from 113 nations from 1984 to 2014, system GMM and macro-panel CCEMG estimators s...
我们研究了武装冲突与东道国外国直接投资(FDI)之间的关系。利用1984年至2014年113个国家的数据,系统GMM和宏观面板CCEMG估算器分析了武装冲突与外国直接投资之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Well-Being of Cities: Estimating Migration Attractiveness From Internal Migration Across Korean Cities 城市的福祉:从韩国各城市的内部移民估算移民吸引力
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2023.2282622
Hyoungchul Kim, Seung Hoon Lee, Ji Sub Park
We adopt the methodology proposed by Lee, Lee and Lin [2021. “The Well-Being of Nations: Estimating Welfare from International Migration.” International Economic Review 62:1111-1130] to estimate th...
我们采用 Lee、Lee 和 Lin [2021] 提出的方法。"The Well-Being of Nations:估计国际移民带来的福利"。国际经济评论 62:1111-1130]提出的方法来估算...
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引用次数: 0
Exports, Irreversible Investments and Product Market Uncertainty: The Role of Trade Intermediaries 出口、不可逆投资与产品市场不确定性:贸易中介机构的作用
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2023.2281917
Marco Di Cintio, Sucharita Ghosh, Emanuele Grassi
This paper uses the theoretical underpinnings of the real options theory framework to investigate whether uncertainty affects a firms’ decision to directly export versus indirectly export and to de...
本文运用实物期权理论框架的理论基础,研究不确定性是否会影响企业直接出口和间接出口的决策。
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引用次数: 0
Health and Labour Market Outcomes of North Korean Refugees in South Korea 在韩国的朝鲜难民的健康和劳动力市场结果
4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2023.2272244
Hyeseung Wee, Daehwan Kim
ABSTRACTThis study utilises the National Health Insurance Service of Korea (NHIS) data which include the results of annual and bi-annual health screening of North Korean refugees together with indicators of their employment and earnings and investigates the relationship between the refugees’ health and labour market outcomes. We find that the refugees with poor health significantly underperform healthy refugees in the labour market, and the impact of poor health at the time of entry lasts longer than 10 years. We also find that poor health has greater detrimental effects on refugees than on non-refugees.KEYWORDS: North Korean refugeeshealth and labor market outcomesNational Health Insurance Service of Korea datahealth screeningemployment and earningsJEL CODES: J15, I13I15 AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Chung Choe, Klaus Hornetz, Jongnam Hwang, Jeffrey Nilsen and participants at the 2021 Korea and the World Economy Conference and the 2023 Korean Association of Health Economics and Policy Conference for providing useful comments to earlier versions of this paper.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Literature suggests that other factors contributing to North Korean refugees’ difficulty in the labour market include lack of specific human capital (Jeong Citation2018), unfamiliarity with market capitalism (Kim and Kim Citation2019) and lack of fluid intelligence (Kim and Lee Citation2018).2 One disadvantage of the NHIS data is that refugees’ socio-economic circumstances prior to their entry to Korea (e.g. education, work experiences, and family wealth in North Korea) are not available.3 While these data have the advantage of containing pre-arrival socio-economic information as well as health status, they are not suitable for the study of integration since they do not contain labor market outcome in the years following refugees’ relocation.4 The programme covers employed persons of all ages, self-employed or unemployed persons of all ages who are the heads of households, and all other people over the age of 40. In 2016, more than 17 million people out of 43 million adults were eligible for the programme. See National Health Insurance Service and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (Citation2022).5 Lee et al. (Citation2022) report detailed statistics regarding refugees’ participation in health screening.6 North Korean refugees also have low estimated glomerular filtration rates (Song and Choi Citation2018), which is known to be associated with high blood pressure, one of the four chronic diseases used to construct our health indicators.7 In Section 4, we have a larger number of observations since we fill some observations with health data from adjacent years. Such filling-in scheme has not been adopted for the calculation of Figure 2.8 We determine the year of entry from the first year that an individual appears in the NHIS database. As the first year in our database is 2002, we ar
摘要本研究利用韩国国民健康保险服务(NHIS)的数据,包括年度和两年一次的朝鲜难民健康检查结果,以及他们的就业和收入指标,探讨了难民健康与劳动力市场结果之间的关系。我们发现,健康状况不佳的难民在劳动力市场上的表现明显不如健康的难民,入境时健康状况不佳的影响持续时间超过10年。我们还发现,健康状况不佳对难民的不利影响大于对非难民的不利影响。关键词:朝鲜难民健康和劳动力市场结果韩国国民健康保险服务数据健康筛查就业和收入jel代码:J15, I13I15致谢我们要感谢Chung Choe, Klaus Hornetz, Jongnam Hwang, Jeffrey Nilsen以及2021年韩国与世界经济会议和2023年韩国卫生经济与政策协会会议的与会者为本文的早期版本提供了有用的意见。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1文献表明,导致朝鲜难民在劳动力市场上遇到困难的其他因素包括缺乏特定的人力资本(Jeong Citation2018)、不熟悉市场资本主义(Kim and Kim Citation2019)和缺乏流动智力(Kim and Lee Citation2018)NHIS数据的一个缺点是无法获得难民进入朝鲜之前的社会经济情况(例如,朝鲜的教育、工作经历和家庭财富)3 .虽然这些数据的优点是包含了抵达前的社会经济信息和健康状况,但它们不适合研究融入问题,因为它们不包含难民重新安置后几年的劳动力市场结果该方案涵盖所有年龄的就业人员、所有年龄的自营职业者或作为户主的失业人员以及40岁以上的所有其他人员。2016年,4300万成年人中有1700多万人有资格参加该计划。见国家健康保险服务和健康保险审查和评估服务(Citation2022)Lee等人(Citation2022)报告了难民参与健康筛查的详细统计数据朝鲜难民的肾小球滤过率估计也很低(Song and Choi Citation2018),众所周知,这与高血压有关,高血压是用来构建我们的健康指标的四种慢性病之一在第4节中,我们有更多的观察结果,因为我们用相邻年份的健康数据填充了一些观察结果。在计算图2.8时,我们并没有采用这样的填写方案。我们从个人首次出现在医疗卫生服务资料库的年份开始计算入职年份。由于我们数据库中的第一年是2002年,因此我们无法确定个人是否在2002年之前进入韩国的确切入境年份。在第5节中提出的分析中,需要与非难民进行匹配。在2009年至2018年期间,我们有15562名难民参加了全国健康检查。其中1233人与非难民不匹配,因此样本为14329名难民。第5.10节进一步描述了匹配的非难民数据。2009年至2018年期间,难民参加了36,370次健康筛查。在我们的数据集中,人按年观察的数量要高得多,因为我们用相邻年份的健康筛查数据填充了许多人按年观察的数据。见正文下面三段作进一步解释自1977年建立以来,韩国的国家健康保险制度迅速扩大了其注册人数,并在经过短短的12年之后,于1989年达到了人口覆盖。因此,自1989年以来,每个韩国人都被国家健康保险制度所覆盖这一类别还包括拥有大量资产的失业人员。由于难民不太可能有大量资产,这种复杂情况不太可能影响我们的分析与美国不同,在韩国,自雇并不意味着高收入。个体户包括非正规劳动者;此外,许多小企业只有微薄的利润,使其所有者的收入低于平均受雇人员的收入那些属于(ii)受雇者的家属,(vi)自雇者的家属,(v)低收入者和其他接受政府援助的人的收入微不足道,如果有的话,我们在构建我们的收入变量时将他们的收入视为零我们右边的一个变量(Femalei)不随时间变化。另外三个右侧变量(height,t, YearsSinceEntryi,t, age,t)不随时间表现出独立的变化。 包含这些时不变变量使得固定效应估计不可能(因为时不变变量无法与单个固定效应区分开来)。Wooldridge (Citation2010, 326)和Greene (Citation2018, 415)建议在这种情况下进行随机效应估计,以控制个体效应;然而,由于随机效应估计需要限制性的假设,因此不受应用研究人员的青睐。我们在附录中给出了方程(2)的随机效应估计。16 Agei,t和Agei,t2的估计系数。年龄对收入的影响在这个年龄段是最大的。自主创业并不意味着高收入。见尾注13.18我们允许单个非难民观测与多个难民观测相匹配。因此,从难民到非难民的映射是“多对一”而不是“一对一”。“19这种配对程序导致一群非难民具有与难民相同的特征,使难民与非难民的比较变得毫无意义。在附录中,我们采用了一种不同的程序,使我们能够以一种有意义的方式比较难民和非难民我们报告了Y个变量(HaveEarningsi,t和EarningsPercentilei,t)的汇总统计。附录中的非难民。考虑到我们构建非难民数据的方式,非难民的X变量(性别、年龄、身高、体重、BMI和健康状况)的分布与表1.21所示的难民相同。请参阅尾注15,了解为什么面板估计不是我们首选的估计方法。
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引用次数: 0
Did Republican-Led States Perform Better at Protecting Jobs Against COVID-19 in the United States? 在美国,共和党领导的州在保护就业免受COVID-19侵害方面表现更好吗?
4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/1226508x.2023.2272274
Changkyu Choi, Hojin Jung
ABSTRACTThis study investigated the short-term effects of partisan control by state governments on employment during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Specifically, we examined whether Republican control of the state government was associated with lower unemployment rates and higher employment-to-population ratios. Our results revealed that party control exerted a weak effect but that the interaction with the number of pandemic-related deaths had a strong negative (positive) impact on unemployment rates (employment-to-population ratios). The moderation effect of our state partisan control variables supports the conclusion that Republican-led states produced better employment outcomes against the pandemic.KEYWORDS: COVID-19partisanrepublican party controlunemployment rateemployment-to-population ratioJEL CLASSIFICATION: H75I10J21 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 We also explored the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic by employing the number of confirmed cases as an indicator of its severity. However, we could not derive a definitive result. It is possible that the state authorities had a more pronounced reaction to death tolls than to confirmed case numbers, perhaps because of the media's strong emphasis on fatalities. State leaders may set restrictions based on death counts. While this study primarily focuses on the empirical results related to the number of deaths, our complete empirical results using infection data are available upon request.Additional informationFundingThis work is supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022S1A3A2A0208958).
摘要本研究调查了2020年美国COVID-19大流行期间州政府党派控制对就业的短期影响。具体来说,我们研究了共和党对州政府的控制是否与较低的失业率和较高的就业人口比率有关。我们的结果显示,政党控制的影响很弱,但与大流行相关死亡人数的相互作用对失业率(就业与人口比率)有很强的负(正)影响。我们的州党派控制变量的调节作用支持了这样的结论,即共和党领导的州在疫情期间产生了更好的就业结果。关键词:新冠肺炎党派共和党控制失业率就业人口比分类:H75I10J21披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。注1我们还采用确诊病例数作为其严重程度的指标,探讨了COVID-19大流行的潜在影响。然而,我们无法得出一个明确的结果。国家当局对死亡人数的反应可能比对确诊病例的反应更明显,这可能是因为媒体过分强调死亡人数。国家领导人可以根据死亡人数设置限制。虽然本研究主要侧重于与死亡人数相关的实证结果,但我们使用感染数据的完整实证结果可应要求提供。本工作由韩国教育部和韩国国家研究基金(NRF-2022S1A3A2A0208958)资助。
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Global Economic Review
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