Energy Policy最新文献

英文中文

Norway in the geopolitics of energy

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114410

Ole Gunnar Austvik

Petroleum production on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) has made Norway a player of strategic importance for the geopolitics of energy. Particularly significant is Norway's role for energy security in European markets for natural gas, actualized by Russia's war against Ukraine. While climate concerns, as a long-term security risk in the balance between economic growth and fossil fuel emissions, are shared by Norway with most others in the Western Hemisphere, the country's significance in the geopolitics of energy presents some challenges of its own. Albeit otherwise considered small state in international affairs, in energy it has significance for more than itself. In the country, the Norwegian state and energy companies make significant revenues, while at the same time, fluctuating and occasionally high domestic electricity prices affect households and non-energy businesses, negatively. The situation puts simultaneous pressure on domestic, foreign and security policy played out on a scale and scope not previously experienced. Important questions are to which extent and how geopolitical challenges and energy security may put the country in a sensitive or vulnerable position, and, alternatively, how they may strengthen it for more opportunities and room for economic, commercial, and political maneuvering.

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引用次数: 0

The impact of environmental regulation on industrial structure upgrading: A case study of low carbon city pilot policy

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114432

Kai Zhao , Yu Gao , Xiaoman Liu

This paper uses panel data from 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2021 to examine the relationship between low-carbon city pilot policies and industrial structure upgrading. It is found that China's low-carbon city pilot policy can significantly promote industrial structure upgrading. By enhancing scientific research support and improving the level of urbanization, the low-carbon city pilot policy can promote industrial structure upgrading. Compared to coastal areas in China, the promoting effect of the policy on inland areas is more obvious. The southeastern region shows a stronger promoting effect than the northwestern region. Besides, the impact of the low-carbon pilot policy on industrial structure upgrading has a non-linear characteristic at different carbon emission levels.

引用次数: 0

Do tariff reductions alleviate energy poverty? Evidence for Sub-Saharan African countries

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114431

Windbeneti Arnaud Zahonogo

Energy poverty is a topical issue in developing countries and its alleviation is one of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG7). In this paper, we analyze the impact of trade liberalization measured by tariff rate reductions on energy poverty as determined by access to clean fuels and modern technologies for cooking. We use panel data of 20 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2020, a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator, a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and a canonical correlation regression (CCR) to capture the long-running relationship. We found that tariffs rate reductions are associated with an increase in access to clean fuels and modern technologies for cooking, which in the long-run helps to alleviate energy poverty. Our empirical findings are robust according to several tests, including adding alternative control variables, alternative energy poverty measure, and alternative empirical methods. Our analysis also highlights that renewable energy consumption, remittances and institutional quality help alleviate energy poverty.

引用次数: 0

Research on the impact of carbon trading on enterprises' green technology innovation

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114436

Bin Xi, Weifang Jia

By treating the implementation of China's carbon trading policy as a quasi-natural experiment, the study analyzes data from A-share listed companies on China's Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges between 2010 and 2023. Utilizing a multi-temporal Difference-in-Differences (DID) model, multiple intermediary effect model, moderation effect model and threshold effect model, we probe to verifies whether carbon trading policy can generate innovation incentive effects and investigate the transmission mechanisms. Empirical results show that carbon trading policy are beneficial for the green technology upgrading of enterprises and that this incentivizing effect is persistent. Mechanism analysis reveals that the mediating variables of financing constraints and R&D investment exhibit a chain mediation effect and nonlinear characteristics. Once the thresholds of financing constraints and R&D investment are surpassed, the green innovation effect of carbon trading policy is significantly enhanced. Digital finance has a moderating effect on the chain-multiple mediation transmission mechanism. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the chain mediation effect is mainly observed in large-scale enterprises and enterprises in central regions. This paper offers theoretical support for evaluating carbon trading policy based on the micro-enterprise level and provides a scientific basis for how to efficiently play the function of carbon trading policy in practice, which helps to enhance the carbon trading policy and is of great practical significance for improving the operational efficiency of the national carbon trading market.

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引用次数: 0

Financing high-cost measures for deep emission cuts in the basic materials industry – Proposal for a value chain transition fund 为基础材料行业大幅减排的高成本措施提供资金--关于价值链转型基金的建议

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114413

Anna Hörbe Emanuelsson, Johan Rootzén , Filip Johnsson

There are currently insufficient policy incentives for most producers of basic materials across Europe to invest in low-emissions technologies. This paper explores a novel approach to financing the investments required to accelerate the transition towards zero-emissions practices. To engage non-state actors in this process, and to formalise cross-sectorial collaboration, we explore the establishment of a Value Chain Transition Fund (VCTF). We use the European cement and steel industries as case studies. The VCTF, funded through a premium imposed on basic materials incorporated into end-products, would be used to finance investments in transformative technologies needed to meet emissions cuts along CO₂-intensive supply chains, such as carbon capture on cement and steel plants and hydrogen direct reduction steel production. Our results show that the VCTF ensures that overnight investments and operational expenditures needed for carbon capture in the European cement and steel industries can be recouped in 6–8 and 2–6 years respectively, and for steel produced with hydrogen direct reduction it can be recouped in 3–16 years. The VCTF results in an increase in consumer prices of 0.2%–1.1% in the case of a passenger electric vehicle, and an increase of 0.3%–0.6% in production costs in the case of a high-speed railway, as examples of representative end products.

目前，欧洲大多数基础材料生产商在投资低排放技术方面缺乏足够的政策激励。本文探讨了为加快向零排放做法过渡所需的投资提供资金的新方法。为了让非国家行为者参与这一过程，并使跨部门合作正规化，我们探讨了建立价值链转型基金（VCTF）的问题。我们以欧洲水泥和钢铁行业为案例进行研究。价值链转型基金的资金来源于对最终产品中的基本材料征收的溢价，将用于资助对实现二氧化碳密集型供应链减排所需的转型技术的投资，如水泥和钢铁厂的碳捕集以及氢直接还原钢铁生产。我们的研究结果表明，VCTF 可确保欧洲水泥和钢铁行业碳捕集所需的隔夜投资和运营支出分别在 6-8 年和 2-6 年内收回，而氢直接还原法生产钢铁的投资和运营支出可在 3-16 年内收回。以具有代表性的终端产品为例，VCTF 导致乘用电动汽车的消费价格上涨 0.2%-1.1%，高速铁路的生产成本上升 0.3%-0.6%。

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引用次数: 0

Do economic trade-offs matter in climate policy support? Survey evidence from the United Kingdom and Australia 气候政策支持中的经济权衡重要吗？来自英国和澳大利亚的调查证据

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114430

Christopher Bell , Ekaterina Rhodes , Zoe Long , Colette Salemi

Countries vary in their success in decoupling greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth to meet emissions reduction targets. Using a web-based survey of citizens in the United Kingdom (n = 1009) and Australia (n = 1029), with different decoupling rates, this study assesses levels of citizen support for different types of climate policies, beliefs in trade-offs between emissions reduction and economic growth, and associations between these emissions-economy trade-off beliefs and support for climate policies. The results show compulsory policies, including carbon taxes and bans, receive the highest opposition. There is little variation between the studied countries for climate policy support and emissions-economy trade-off beliefs. The results also show that citizens who are agnostic about economic growth support policies the most. Therefore, decision-makers should focus on communicating climate policies’ economic and social benefits for the economic growth-concerned citizens to increase overall policy support.

各国在将温室气体排放与经济增长脱钩以实现减排目标方面取得的成功各不相同。本研究通过对脱钩率不同的英国（n = 1009）和澳大利亚（n = 1029）的公民进行网络调查，评估了公民对不同类型气候政策的支持程度、对减排与经济增长之间权衡的信念，以及这些排放-经济权衡信念与气候政策支持之间的关联。结果显示，包括碳税和禁令在内的强制性政策受到的反对最多。在所研究的国家中，气候政策支持率和排放-经济权衡信念之间的差异很小。结果还显示，对经济增长持不可知论的公民最支持政策。因此，决策者应注重向关注经济增长的公民宣传气候政策的经济和社会效益，以提高整体政策支持率。

引用次数: 0

Cost and carbon-intensity reducing innovation in biofuels for road transportation 降低公路运输生物燃料成本和碳强度的创新技术

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114416

William A. Scott

The transportation sector is the leading contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. Incentives for biofuel production in the form of direct subsidies and tradable performance standards have been substantial. Although research suggests such policies are less cost-effective at reducing emissions than an explicit carbon price, a dynamic assessment that accounts for innovation may differ substantially from static cost estimates. This study evaluates cost and carbon-intensity reducing innovation in the U.S. biofuel industry and estimates the value of social benefits for comparison with the observed level of policy support.

Using multi-factor experience curves, this study finds that cost declines have been significant in ethanol production, with an estimated learning rate of 21.8%. However, learning in biodiesel and renewable diesel has been much less pronounced, at 3.23% and 1.33%, respectively. Reductions in carbon intensity are found to be largely related to feedstock choice rather than improvements in production processes. Based on the innovation rates identified in this study, current policy support for biofuels from stacked incentives is found to exceed the social benefits. This misalignment calls for a reassessment of biofuel policies to ensure they are economically and environmentally justified.

运输部门是美国温室气体排放的主要来源。以直接补贴和可交易的性能标准为形式的生物燃料生产激励措施一直很重要。尽管研究表明，与明确的碳价格相比，这些政策的减排成本效益较低，但考虑到创新的动态评估可能与静态成本估算有很大不同。本研究评估了美国生物燃料产业的成本和碳强度降低创新，并估算了社会效益价值，以便与观察到的政策支持水平进行比较。利用多因素经验曲线，本研究发现乙醇生产的成本下降显著，估计学习率为 21.8%。然而，生物柴油和可再生柴油的学习率要低得多，分别为 3.23% 和 1.33%。碳强度的降低主要与原料选择有关，而不是生产工艺的改进。根据本研究确定的创新率，我们发现目前通过叠加激励措施为生物燃料提供的政策支持超过了社会效益。这种错位要求对生物燃料政策进行重新评估，以确保其在经济和环境方面的合理性。

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引用次数: 0

Digital economy as a new engine for synergy of multi-pollutant mitigation: Evidence from a new perspective of marginal cost 数字经济作为多种污染物减排协同作用的新引擎：边际成本新视角的证据

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114417

Bingyu Zhao, Haiqing Hu

Examining the impacts of digital economy (DE) on synergistic effect of pollution and carbon emission reduction (SERPCE) is essential for China's sustainable development and its dual carbon reduction goals. Current research focused on the impacts of DE on reducing individual pollutant, and ignoring the marginal costs of coordinated abatement efforts, which are crucial for balancing energy-environment-economy system. This study introduces a new SERPCE measurement method based on marginal abatement costs using parametric DDF functions with panel data from 30 Chinese provinces in 2011–2019. Findings indicate that DE is a new engine for reducing pollution reduction cost under joint mitigation policy, a 2.89% increase in SERPCE for each one-unit rise in DE, with energy consumption reduction and technological innovation as main transmission mechanisms. Positive effect of DE on SERPCE is with a threshold value 1778.3501, with the effect intensifying as the threshold is exceeded. Heterogeneity of effects emerges due to regional economic and resource differences, and substantial spatial spillover effects of DE on SERPCE emerges, indicating economic interconnectivity. This research provides a methodological framework for SERPCE quantification, enriching academic understanding of DE's impact on SERPCE and offering insights for policymakers in sustainable development strategies.

研究数字经济（DE）对污染和碳减排协同效应（SERPCE）的影响对中国的可持续发展和碳减排双目标至关重要。目前的研究主要关注数字经济对单项污染物减排的影响，而忽略了协同减排的边际成本，而这对于平衡能源-环境-经济系统至关重要。本研究利用 2011-2019 年中国 30 个省份的面板数据，基于边际减排成本，采用参数 DDF 函数，引入了一种新的 SERPCE 测量方法。研究结果表明，在联合减排政策下，减排量是降低污染减排成本的新引擎，减排量每增加一个单位，SERPCE 就会增加 2.89%，而能耗降低和技术创新是主要的传导机制。DE 对 SERPCE 的正效应的临界值为 1778.3501，当超过临界值时，效应会增强。由于地区经济和资源的差异，效应出现了异质性，而且 DE 对 SERPCE 产生了巨大的空间溢出效应，表明了经济的相互关联性。这项研究为量化 SERPCE 提供了一个方法框架，丰富了学术界对可持续发展对 SERPCE 影响的理解，并为可持续发展战略的决策者提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of digital economy on energy rebound effect in China: A stochastic energy demand frontier approach 数字经济对中国能源反弹效应的影响：随机能源需求前沿方法

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114418

Chenchen Huang, Boqiang Lin

The energy rebound effect threatens to realize the energy-saving effect of energy efficiency measures. The effect of the development of the digital economy on the energy rebound effect is still being determined. This paper is based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021. A stochastic frontier model of energy demand is built to examine the influence of the digital economy on the energy rebound effect. The findings are as follows: (1) Digital economy significantly promotes the energy rebound effect. The average energy rebound impact is calculated to be 55.1%. (2) Urbanization strengthens the positive effect of the digital economy on the rebound effect. (3) Different provinces experience the rebound effect differently due to the digital economy. The digital economy has a more significant role in fostering the rebound effect in places with higher R&D intensity, lower coal share, and higher secondary sector share. This study argues that we should deepen the reform of energy prices, promote sophisticated energy-saving technology development, and promote energy structure transformation while expanding the digital economy to mitigate the negative impact of the rebound effect effectively.

能源反弹效应威胁着节能措施节能效果的实现。数字经济的发展对能源反弹效应的影响仍有待确定。本文基于 2011 年至 2021 年中国 30 个省份的面板数据。建立能源需求随机前沿模型，考察数字经济对能源反弹效应的影响。研究结果如下(1）数字经济明显促进能源反弹效应。经计算，平均能源反弹效应为 55.1%。(2）城市化加强了数字经济对能源反弹效应的积极影响。(3）不同省份因数字经济而产生的反弹效应不同。在研发强度较高、煤炭比重较低、第二产业比重较高的地方，数字经济对反弹效应的促进作用更为显著。本研究认为，在扩大数字经济规模的同时，应深化能源价格改革，推动高精尖节能技术发展，促进能源结构转型，以有效缓解反弹效应的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Policy implications of implementing residential PV solar energy systems in developing regions 在发展中地区实施住宅光伏太阳能系统的政策影响

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114414

Jaribu Shand, Emmanuel Glakpe, Chase Ivey

Access to sustainable and reliable energy sources is a pivotal driver of economic development and improved living standards in all regions of the world. This research paper explores the policy implications of implementing residential photovoltaic (PV) solar systems in two developing regions, Jamaica, and Ghana, and emphasizes the role of policy frameworks in shaping the sustainable energy landscape. The study employs a multifaceted approach, combining System Advisor Model (SAM) analysis – which reveals promising energy production potential in both regions, with substantial economic benefits – and a risk assessment to evaluate the feasibility, economic viability, and potential barriers to residential PV solar adoption. Financial assessments indicate competitive payback periods and favorable returns on investment, suggesting that residential PV systems can offer cost-effective energy solutions. Identifying potential barriers to adoption through a comprehensive risk assessment highlights challenges related to policy instability, financing constraints, and technical limitations. Policy recommendations and strategies for mitigating these barriers are proposed to accelerate the transition to renewable energy sources in both regions. The findings underscore the potential for solar energy to address energy access challenges while advancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and energy resilience in Jamaica, and Ghana, while offering valuable lessons for similar contexts worldwide.

在世界各地，获得可持续和可靠的能源是推动经济发展和提高生活水平的关键因素。本研究论文探讨了在牙买加和加纳这两个发展中地区实施住宅光伏太阳能系统的政策影响，并强调了政策框架在塑造可持续能源景观方面的作用。该研究采用了一种多层面的方法，将系统顾问模型（SAM）分析（该模型揭示了这两个地区具有巨大经济效益的能源生产潜力）和风险评估相结合，以评估采用住宅光伏太阳能系统的可行性、经济可行性和潜在障碍。财务评估表明，投资回收期和投资回报率都很有竞争力，这表明住宅光伏系统可以提供具有成本效益的能源解决方案。通过全面的风险评估来确定采用的潜在障碍，突出了与政策不稳定性、融资限制和技术局限性有关的挑战。提出了减少这些障碍的政策建议和战略，以加快这两个地区向可再生能源的过渡。研究结果强调了太阳能在应对能源获取挑战、促进牙买加和加纳的经济发展、环境可持续性和能源恢复能力方面的潜力，同时也为全球类似情况提供了宝贵经验。

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