Energy Policy最新文献

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Institutional unlocking or technological unlocking? The logic of carbon unlocking in the new energy vehicle industry in China 制度解锁还是技术解锁？中国新能源汽车产业的碳释放逻辑

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114369

As a result of unbalanced energy structure, high carbon emissions, and global climate change, carbon lock-in has gained considerable attention. To achieve carbon unlocking, technological advancements and institutional innovation are essential. This paper uses the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry as its case study, identifying the differences and evolutionary trends between institutional unlocking and technological unlocking logics, and demonstrating how these logics affect industry and enterprise development and eventually advance the process of carbon unlocking. The findings are: (1) Institutional incentives play a critical role in the development of an industry at the beginning. As the industry matures, technological innovation plays a central role in driving industry development, while institutional logic gradually loses influence and technological logic gains influence. (2) Dual logics have undergone a complex transformation of compatibility, mutual exclusivity, partial confrontation, and cooperation during the process of carbon unlocking. It is possible for the complexity of the relationship to range from low to high, with both becoming less complex as the industry matures. (3) Through ongoing gaming and adjustment, the dual logics encourage the NEV industry to realize carbon unlocking and low-carbon transformation at the same time.

由于能源结构失衡、高碳排放和全球气候变化，碳锁定问题已引起广泛关注。要实现碳解锁，技术进步和制度创新必不可少。本文以新能源汽车（NEV）产业为案例，指出了制度解锁与技术解锁逻辑的差异和演进趋势，并论证了这些逻辑如何影响产业和企业发展，并最终推进碳解锁进程。研究结果如下(1) 制度激励在产业发展初期起到关键作用。随着产业的成熟，技术创新在推动产业发展中发挥核心作用，而制度逻辑的影响力逐渐减弱，技术逻辑的影响力逐渐增强。(2）双重逻辑在碳释放过程中经历了兼容、互斥、部分对抗、合作的复杂转变。关系的复杂程度有可能从低到高，随着产业的成熟，两者的复杂程度会逐渐降低。(三）通过不断的博弈和调整，双重逻辑促使新能源汽车产业同时实现碳解锁和低碳转型。

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引用次数: 0

Why do women bear more? The impact of energy poverty on son preference in Chinese rural households 为什么妇女生育更多？能源贫困对中国农村家庭重男轻女观念的影响

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114405

Energy poverty and gender bias are two global issues, with women often bearing the brunt. By reexamining the relationship between the two and harnessing the synergies of relevant policies, it can aid in advancing demographic transition and sustainable development (gender equality). This paper utilizes data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to investigate the impact of household energy poverty on son preference. The findings indicate that energy poverty amplifies the preference for boys within households. Even after addressing endogeneity issues and conducting a series of robustness tests, our results remain robust. Women's employment, family authority, and social status emerge as three primary channels of transmission. Furthermore, the impact of energy poverty on son preference is more pronounced in the central and western regions, low-income families, and those dominated by male heads. Our findings represent a significant step toward unveiling the perpetuation and shifts in China's rural son preference phenomenon, offering new perspectives for subsequent research endeavors.

能源贫困和性别偏见是两个全球性问题，妇女往往首当其冲。通过重新审视两者之间的关系，发挥相关政策的协同作用，有助于推进人口结构转型和可持续发展（性别平等）。本文利用 2018 年中国家庭面板研究（CFPS）的数据，研究家庭能源贫困对儿子偏好的影响。研究结果表明，能源贫困会放大家庭中的男孩偏好。即使在解决了内生性问题并进行了一系列稳健性检验后，我们的结果仍然是稳健的。妇女就业、家庭权威和社会地位成为三个主要的传导渠道。此外，能源贫困对儿子偏好的影响在中西部地区、低收入家庭和男户主家庭中更为明显。我们的研究结果为揭示中国农村重男轻女现象的延续和转变迈出了重要一步，为后续研究工作提供了新的视角。

引用次数: 0

Non-Linear effects of diesel taxes on environmental innovation: Room for higher taxes 柴油税对环境创新的非线性影响：提高税收的空间

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114395

This study investigates the diesel tax's impact on environmental innovation, addressing a gap in the current literature, which has typically considered environmental policies collectively and has overlooked specific analysis of this tax. It examines whether the relationship is linear, U-shaped, or N-shaped and consider its potential variations across contexts and time lags for the diesel tax. The analysis includes a panel of 1160 records from 40 countries (34 OECD and 6 BRIICS) over 29 years (1990–2018). The results indicate that the diesel tax's effect on environmental innovation follows an N-shaped curve (growth, decline, and revitalisation) in many of the analysed contexts: patents related to the energy and transport sectors, patents related solely to the energy sector, patents related solely to the transport sector, OECD countries, countries with low emissions, countries with high innovation capacity, and different time lags. Furthermore, of the 40 countries analysed, 35 are in the same phase across all models: 12 (6 OECD and 6 BRIICS) are in the growth phase; 20 OECD countries are in the decline phase; and 3 OECD countries are in revitalisation phase. These findings suggest that there is still substantial room to increase diesel taxes from the perspective of environmental innovation.

本研究调查了柴油税对环境创新的影响，弥补了目前文献中的空白，因为目前的文献通常对环境政策进行整体考虑，而忽略了对柴油税的具体分析。本研究探讨了柴油税与环境创新之间的关系是线性关系、U 型关系还是 N 型关系，并考虑了柴油税在不同环境和时滞下的潜在变化。分析包括来自 40 个国家（34 个经合组织国家和 6 个金砖国家）29 年（1990-2018 年）的 1160 条面板记录。结果表明，柴油税对环境创新的影响在许多分析环境中都呈现出 N 型曲线（增长、下降和振兴）：与能源和交通部门相关的专利、仅与能源部门相关的专利、仅与交通部门相关的专利、经合组织国家、低排放国家、创新能力强的国家以及不同的时滞。此外，在所分析的 40 个国家中，有 35 个国家在所有模型中都处于同一阶段：12 个国家（6 个经合组织国家和 6 个金砖国家）处于增长阶段；20 个经合组织国家处于衰退阶段；3 个经合组织国家处于振兴阶段。这些研究结果表明，从环境创新的角度来看，柴油税仍有很大的增长空间。

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引用次数: 0

Digital data demand and renewable energy limits: Forecasting the impacts on global electricity supply and sustainability 数字数据需求与可再生能源限制：预测对全球电力供应和可持续性的影响

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114404

This study critically evaluates whether the current and projected generation of renewable energy can meet the escalating global demand for electricity from digital data growth. Our modelling forecasts reveal a concerning trend: despite the expansion in renewable energy capacities, they are likely insufficient to satisfy the burgeoning electricity needs of the digital data sector. More alarmingly, there is a real risk that the demand for digital data could soon exceed feasible electricity production capabilities. This paper underscores the urgent necessity for a data-centric sustainability approach across all supply chains, sectors, industries, and nations. Such measures are crucial to increase efficiency, cut energy usage, and transition towards a decarbonized digital ecosystem, thereby supporting the global pursuit of a sustainable, net-zero future. This research highlights a critical junction in energy policy and digital infrastructure planning, urging immediate action to reconcile digital advancement with ecological sustainability.

本研究对当前和预测的可再生能源发电量能否满足全球数字数据增长带来的不断攀升的电力需求进行了批判性评估。我们的建模预测揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：尽管可再生能源发电能力不断扩大，但很可能无法满足数字数据领域不断增长的电力需求。更令人担忧的是，数字数据的需求可能很快就会超过可行的电力生产能力。本文强调，迫切需要在所有供应链、部门、行业和国家采取以数据为中心的可持续发展方法。这些措施对于提高效率、减少能源消耗、向去碳化的数字生态系统过渡，从而支持全球追求可持续的、净零排放的未来至关重要。这项研究强调了能源政策和数字基础设施规划中的一个关键节点，敦促人们立即采取行动，协调数字进步与生态可持续性之间的关系。

引用次数: 0

Trying to find a balance: Energy excise duties in the context of climate targets, energy shocks, and redistributive goals 努力寻求平衡：气候目标、能源冲击和再分配目标背景下的能源消费税

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114406

This study examines the implementation of an environmental tax reform in Italy, focusing on changes in excise duties on petrol, diesel and electricity. The reform is in line with the revised European Energy Tax Directive and aims to support European climate objectives. The main motivation of this research is to show how the additional revenues generated by the environmental reform can be used to mitigate its regressive impact on low-income households through cash transfers. The analysis uses a microsimulation model based on data from the Household Budget Survey. The environmental reform combined with the cash transfer is implemented for 2019 and 2022, this latter being a year significantly affected by the energy crisis. The results confirm the inherent regressivity of the environmental tax reform when considered in isolation, but they also reveal significant positive redistributive effects achieved by paying monetary transfers to households in the lowest three income deciles. In this case, the reform enhances redistributive outcomes that remain effective even when the structure of the transfers is modified. The paper also highlights the limited redistributive impact of the 2022 excise tax cuts on fuel, which aimed to address the regressive effects of the energy shock. Again, a targeted cash transfer would have been more effective for low-income households.

本研究探讨了意大利环境税改革的实施情况，重点关注汽油、柴油和电力消费税的变化。这项改革符合修订后的欧洲能源税指令，旨在支持欧洲的气候目标。本研究的主要动机是说明如何利用环境改革带来的额外收入，通过现金转移减轻改革对低收入家庭的累退影响。分析使用了基于家庭预算调查数据的微观模拟模型。环境改革与现金转移相结合在 2019 年和 2022 年实施，后者是受能源危机影响较大的一年。结果证实了单独考虑环境税改革时固有的回归性，但也揭示了通过向收入最低的三个十分位数的家庭支付货币转移支付所实现的显著的积极再分配效应。在这种情况下，改革增强了再分配效果，即使改变了转移支付的结构，这种效果依然有效。本文还强调了 2022 年燃料消费税削减对再分配的有限影响，其目的是解决能源冲击的递减效应。同样，对低收入家庭来说，有针对性的现金转移会更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting low-carbon energy transition through green finance: New evidence from a demand-supply perspective 通过绿色金融促进低碳能源转型：从供需角度看新证据

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114376

For China, achieving the “dual carbon” goals depends greatly on transitioning to low-carbon energy. Green finance has been pivotal in accelerating this transition by supporting environmentally sustainable projects. However, its hidden role in promoting energy transition has received little attention. This study examines data from 30 provincial regions in China between 2000 and 2018 to explore this relationship. Our findings reveal that continuous improvements in green finance significantly contribute to a low-carbon energy transition, primarily through enhancing finance efficiency rather than merely increasing scale. This effect is closely related to the size of the energy industry and its allocative efficiency. Furthermore, mechanisms, such as developing energy substitution technology, expanding energy supply capacity, raising environmental awareness, and optimizing economic structures are crucial for promoting low-carbon energy transitions. These results are beneficial for governments implementing targeted policies to promote low-carbon energy transitions by developing green finance.

对中国而言，实现 "双碳 "目标在很大程度上取决于向低碳能源过渡。绿色金融通过支持环境可持续项目，在加速这一转型方面发挥了关键作用。然而，绿色金融在促进能源转型方面的隐性作用却鲜有人关注。本研究考察了 2000 年至 2018 年间中国 30 个省级地区的数据，以探讨这种关系。我们的研究结果表明，绿色金融的持续改进极大地促进了低碳能源转型，这主要是通过提高融资效率而非仅仅扩大规模实现的。这种效应与能源产业的规模及其配置效率密切相关。此外，发展能源替代技术、扩大能源供应能力、提高环保意识、优化经济结构等机制对于促进低碳能源转型也至关重要。这些研究成果有利于政府实施有针对性的政策，通过发展绿色金融促进低碳能源转型。

引用次数: 0

Nudging households to save electricity with feedback: Experimental evidence from Vietnam 通过反馈促使家庭节约用电：越南的实验证据

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114378

Information feedback based on the real-time records of smart meters has shown the potential to nudge residential electricity conservation in developed countries. However, evidence on this topic in developing countries is scarce and limited in scale. This paper provides new experimental evidence regarding how information feedback affects household electricity consumption in Vietnam, a developing country in Southeast Asia. By conducting a randomized controlled trial involving 1,028 households in Da Nang city, we show that three types of feedback – self-comparison, social comparison, and goal setting – can help households reduce their daily electricity consumption 4.1–6.7%. We explore the heterogeneous effects and find that social comparison exhibits discernible heterogeneity depending on the day of the week. Social comparison is also effective for both low and high quantiles of electricity consumers, whereas self-comparison and goal setting are effective mainly for the latter. We discuss the implications of our empirical findings for policies related to using feedback to nudge household electricity conservation.

在发达国家，基于智能电表实时记录的信息反馈已显示出促进居民节约用电的潜力。然而，发展中国家在这方面的证据却很少，而且规模有限。本文就信息反馈如何影响东南亚发展中国家越南的家庭用电量提供了新的实验证据。通过对岘港市 1028 个家庭进行随机对照试验，我们发现三种类型的反馈--自我比较、社会比较和目标设定--可以帮助家庭减少 4.1-6.7% 的日常用电量。我们对异质性效果进行了探讨，发现社会比较在一周中的不同日期表现出明显的异质性。社会比较对低量化和高量化用电户都有效，而自我比较和目标设定主要对后者有效。我们将讨论我们的实证研究结果对利用反馈来督促家庭节约用电的相关政策的影响。

引用次数: 0

Impact of cropland spatial shift on carbon footprint of agricultural inputs for grain production in China, 1990–2018 1990-2018年耕地空间转移对中国粮食生产农业投入碳足迹的影响

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114402

Cropland spatial shifts are occurring globally, potentially influencing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of agricultural inputs for grain production at different spatial scales. The extent of this impact and its regional variations are key questions. Taking China as the study area, we quantified the impacts of cropland spatial shifts on carbon footprints of agricultural inputs (CFAI) for grain production in China by integrating multi-source data during 1990–2018. Results revealed that cropland centroid in China moved 83 km northwestward from 1990 to 2018, resulting in a 2% increase in CFAI per unit cropland area at the national level. By region, the Northwestern arid region contributed the most to the increase in CFAI, about 9.2 Mt carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-eq), due to the dramatic cropland expansion and highest CFAI per unit cropland area. This study reveals the importance of considering the increase in CFAI resulted from cropland expansion when formulating land use planning and cropland protection policies.

耕地空间转移正在全球范围内发生，可能在不同空间尺度上影响粮食生产农业投入的人为温室气体排放。这种影响的程度及其区域差异是关键问题。我们以中国为研究区域，通过整合 1990-2018 年期间的多源数据，量化了耕地空间转移对中国粮食生产农业投入碳足迹（CFAI）的影响。结果显示，1990-2018年，中国耕地中心点向西北移动了83公里，导致全国单位耕地面积CFAI增加了2%。从地区来看，西北干旱区由于耕地面积急剧扩大，单位耕地面积的CFAI最高，对CFAI增加的贡献最大，约为920万吨二氧化碳当量（CO2-eq）。这项研究揭示了在制定土地利用规划和耕地保护政策时考虑耕地扩张导致的 CFAI 增加的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Economic specialization, infrastructure, and rural electric vehicle adoption 经济专业化、基础设施和农村电动汽车的采用

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114380

I demonstrate that a region’s economic specialization is a critical determinant of electric vehicle (EV) charging station access, particularly in rural areas. Specifically, recreation-dependent economies have more public charging stations. In a national analysis, I show U.S. recreation counties are 21 percent more likely to have a public station and nonmetropolitan recreation counties are 27 percent more likely. In California, I demonstrate this relationship spills into the EV market: those within zip codes with ten percent higher recreation employment share purchase 2.3 more EVs as a result of improved charging infrastructure. The upshot is that communities that are not recreation dependent experience less charging investment, limiting EV adoption and making decarbonization goals more difficult in regions where people drive more and in more polluting vehicles. The results highlight how an uneven charging network can lead to uneven EV adoption, risking that many of the poorest communities may miss out on long-term benefits from electric vehicles.

我的研究表明，一个地区的经济专业化程度是决定电动汽车（EV）充电站使用情况的关键因素，尤其是在农村地区。具体来说，依赖娱乐业的经济体拥有更多的公共充电站。在一项全国性分析中，我发现美国休闲县拥有公共充电站的可能性要高出 21%，而非大都市休闲县则高出 27%。在加利福尼亚州，我证明了这种关系在电动汽车市场的影响：由于充电基础设施的改善，娱乐业就业比例高出 10% 的邮政编码内的人多购买了 2.3 辆电动汽车。其结果是，不依赖娱乐业的社区充电投资较少，限制了电动汽车的采用，使人们驾驶污染更严重的车辆的地区更难实现去碳化目标。研究结果突显了不均衡的充电网络会如何导致电动汽车采用率的不均衡，从而使许多最贫困的社区有可能错失电动汽车带来的长期利益。

引用次数: 0

Low carbon footprint - A consequence of free will or of poverty? The impact of sufficiency orientation and deprivation on individual carbon footprints 低碳足迹--是自由意志还是贫困的结果？自给自足导向和贫困对个人碳足迹的影响

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114367

Private households account for at least 60% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the drivers behind carbon footprints is highly relevant. Traditionally, carbon footprint levels and material prosperity have been viewed as closely intertwined, with a low carbon footprint even seen as an indication of deprivation. However, a low carbon footprint can also arise from a sufficiency-oriented lifestyle. In our study, based on a 2022 demographically representative survey of the adult population in Germany, we estimate linear and multinomial regression models to investigate the influence of individuals' sufficiency orientation and deprivation on carbon footprints. We examine both the aggregated carbon footprint and its breakdown into specific activities, including space and water heating, electricity consumption, transport, and food. We find that having a higher sufficiency orientation is associated with a lower individual's aggregated carbon footprint and a lower carbon footprint of each specific activity, except space and water heating, ceteris paribus. In contrast, we only find evidence that deprivation negatively correlates with the carbon footprint related to transport. These results are valid across various robustness tests, and provide valuable insights for policy-making.

私人家庭至少占全球温室气体排放量的 60%。因此，更好地了解碳足迹背后的驱动因素非常重要。传统观点认为，碳足迹水平与物质富裕程度密切相关，低碳足迹甚至被视为贫穷的标志。然而，低碳足迹也可能源于自给自足的生活方式。在我们的研究中，基于 2022 年对德国成年人口进行的一项具有人口统计学代表性的调查，我们估计了线性和多项式回归模型，以研究个人的自给自足导向和贫困对碳足迹的影响。我们既研究了总体碳足迹，也将其细分为具体活动，包括空间和水加热、电力消耗、交通和食品。我们发现，在同等条件下，自给自足取向越高，个人的综合碳足迹越低，除空间和水加热外的各项具体活动的碳足迹也越低。相比之下，我们只发现了贫困与交通碳足迹负相关的证据。这些结果在各种稳健性检验中都是有效的，并为政策制定提供了有价值的启示。

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