Journal of Environmental Economics and Management最新文献

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Heat and humidity on early-life outcomes: Evidence from Mexico

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103082

Yumin Hong

I provide evidence on the detrimental effect of in utero exposure to heat and humidity on children’s health at birth in a middle-income country, Mexico. Humidity affects the body’s ability to regulate heat via perspiration and may thus exacerbate the adverse effects of high temperatures. I link temperature and humidity exposure during pregnancy to individual outcomes regarding 25 million births and stillbirths from 2008 through 2021 using Mexican administrative records. The results show that high wet-bulb temperatures adversely affect birth outcomes. Specifically, each additional day per month with a wet-bulb temperature above 24°C (equivalent to about 40°C at 25% humidity) reduces birth weight by 1.21% and increases the likelihood of preterm birth by 2%. I find that the combined effects of humidity and high temperature on birth outcomes are greater than that of high temperature alone, suggesting that the damaging effects of high temperature can be underestimated when humidity is not accounted for. I also present evidence that the adverse effects of heat on health at birth can be mitigated by adopting air conditioning.

引用次数: 0

The dynamic effects of weather shocks on agricultural production

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103078

Cédric Crofils , Ewen Gallic , Gauthier Vermandel

This paper proposes a new methodological approach using high-frequency data and local projections to assess the impact of weather on agricultural production. Local projections capture both immediate and delayed effects across crop types and growth stages, while providing early warnings for food shortages. Adverse weather shocks, such as excess heat or rain, consistently lead to delayed downturns in production, with heterogeneous effects across time, crops, and seasons. We build a new index of aggregate weather shocks that accounts for the typical delay between event occurrence and economic recognition, finding that these shocks are recessionary at the macroeconomic level, reducing inflation, production, exports and exchange rates.

引用次数: 0

Compensating against fuel price inflation: Price subsidies or transfers?

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103079

Odran Bonnet , Étienne Fize , Tristan Loisel , Lionel Wilner

Compensating agents against substantial and sudden shocks requires both targeting tax policies and taking behavioral responses into account. Based on transaction-level data from France, this article exploits quasi-experimental variation provided by 2022 fuel price inflation and excise tax cuts. After disentangling anticipation from price effects, we estimate a price elasticity of fuel demand of −0.31, on average, which varies little with respect to income and location but substantially decreases with fuel spending, in absolute value. Using targeted transfers only achieves imperfect compensation, yet a budget-constrained policy-maker seeking to alleviate excessive losses relative to income prefers income-based transfers to price subsidies.

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A general equilibrium approach to carbon permit banking 碳许可银行的一般均衡方法

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103076

Loick Dubois , Jean-Guillaume Sahuc , Gauthier Vermandel

We study the general equilibrium effects of carbon permit banking during the transition to a climate-neutral economy by 2050. To this end, we develop an environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, in which the business sector is regulated by a generic emission trading system (ETS). Firms are authorized to transfer unused permits from one period to the next (banking), but the reverse direction (borrowing) is prohibited. Allowing for positive banking gives firms the opportunity to smooth their permit demand along the business cycle. Applications inspired by recent European Union-ETS regulations underscore the critical role of permit banking in shaping policy outcomes. For example, the 2023 cap reform would result in a more significant reduction in both permit banking and carbon emissions, as well as a 40

%

to 50

%

increase in the carbon price compared to pre-reform projections, without substantial additional GDP loss by 2060. Importantly, forgetting about permit banking when assessing cap policies would lead to both a significant underestimation of the total macroeconomic effects and an inaccurate representation of the carbon emission trajectory.

我们研究了碳许可银行在 2050 年前向气候中性经济过渡期间的一般均衡效应。为此，我们建立了一个环境动态随机一般均衡模型，在该模型中，企业部门受通用排放交易体系（ETS）的监管。企业有权将未使用的许可证从一个时期转移到下一个时期（银行业务），但禁止反向转移（借贷）。允许正向银行业务为企业提供了在商业周期中平滑许可证需求的机会。受欧盟最近的排放交易计划法规启发而产生的应用强调了许可银行在影响政策结果方面的关键作用。例如，与改革前的预测相比，2023 年的上限改革将导致许可银行业务和碳排放量的大幅减少，以及碳价格 40% 至 50% 的增长，而到 2060 年，GDP 不会有实质性的额外损失。重要的是，如果在评估上限政策时忘记许可证银行业务，将导致对宏观经济总效应的严重低估和对碳排放轨迹的不准确表述。

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引用次数: 0

Unintended environmental consequences of anti-corruption strategies 反腐败战略的意外环境后果

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103073

Elías Cisneros , Krisztina Kis-Katos

High agricultural profits motivate politicians to collude with local elites and ignore illegal conversion of natural forests. Fighting corruption through fiscal audits can improve local governance in general but may also unintentionally intensify such collusion and rent extraction activities within the less scrutinized forestry sector. This paper highlights such unintended consequences of a federal anti-corruption strategy in Brazil by documenting the causal effects of randomized fiscal audits on deforestation dynamics, a non-targeted outcome. Between 2003 and 2011, public audits of federal funds increased deforestation by about 10% in municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon within the first three years after the audit. The audits triggered forest loss, especially during election years, in municipalities governed by first-term mayors who managed to win re-elections afterwards, and in places with a high share of cattle ranching, indicating potential collusion between local politicians and the agricultural sector.

高额的农业利润促使政客与地方精英勾结，无视天然林的非法转换。通过财政审计打击腐败可以从总体上改善地方治理，但也可能无意中加剧林业部门中的这种勾结和租金榨取活动。本文通过记录随机财政审计对森林砍伐动态（一种非目标结果）的因果效应，强调了巴西联邦反腐战略的这种意外后果。2003 年至 2011 年间，对联邦资金的公开审计使巴西亚马逊地区各市在审计后的头三年内森林砍伐量增加了约 10%。审计引发了森林损失，尤其是在选举年，在由首任市长治理的城市，这些市长在选举后设法赢得连任，在牧牛比例较高的地方，这表明当地政客和农业部门之间可能存在勾结。

引用次数: 0

Blowin’ in the wind: Long-term downwind exposure to air pollution from power plants and adult mortality 随风飘荡长期顺风接触发电厂空气污染与成人死亡率

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103072

Shinsuke Tanaka

We estimate the causal effects of long-term exposure to air pollution emitted from fossil fuel power plants on adult mortality. We leverage quasi-experimental variation in daily wind patterns, which is further instrumented by the county orientation from the nearest power plant. We find that the county’s fraction of days spent downwind of plants within 20 miles in the last 10 years is associated with increased mortality from COVID-19 through the third peak in mortality in January 2021. This effect is more pronounced in fenceline communities with high poverty rates, low health insurance coverage, and low educational attainment.

我们估算了长期暴露于化石燃料发电厂排放的空气污染对成人死亡率的因果效应。我们利用每日风向模式的准实验性变化，并通过县城与最近发电厂的距离来进一步确定风向模式。我们发现，从 COVID-19 到 2021 年 1 月的第三个死亡率高峰期，过去 10 年中该县在 20 英里范围内的发电厂下风处度过的天数比例与死亡率的增加有关。这种效应在贫困率高、医疗保险覆盖率低和教育程度低的边缘社区更为明显。

引用次数: 0

Clean innovation, heterogeneous financing costs, and the optimal climate policy mix 清洁创新、异质融资成本和最佳气候政策组合

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103071

Emanuele Campiglio , Alessandro Spiganti , Anthony Wiskich

Access to finance is a major barrier to clean innovation. We incorporate a financial sector in a directed technological change model, where research firms working on different technologies raise funding from financial intermediaries at potentially different costs. We show that, in addition to a rising carbon tax and a generous but short-lived clean research subsidy, optimal climate policies include a clean finance subsidy directly aimed at reducing the financing cost differential across technologies. The presence of an endogenous financing experience effect induces stronger mitigation efforts in the short-term to accelerate the convergence of heterogeneous financing costs. This is achieved primarily through a carbon price premium of 39% in 2025, relative to a case with no financing costs.

获得资金是清洁创新的一大障碍。我们在定向技术变革模型中加入了金融部门，研究不同技术的研究公司以潜在的不同成本从金融中介机构筹集资金。我们的研究表明，除了不断提高的碳税和慷慨但短期的清洁研究补贴外，最佳气候政策还包括直接旨在减少不同技术间融资成本差异的清洁融资补贴。内生融资经验效应的存在会在短期内加大减排力度，以加速不同融资成本的趋同。这主要是通过 2025 年相对于无融资成本情况下 39% 的碳价格溢价来实现的。

引用次数: 0

Labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives in protected areas 保护区生态发展举措对劳动力市场的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103070

Anca Balietti , Sreeja Jaiswal , Daniel Schäffer

Eco-development seeks to balance economic development with biodiversity conservation, enhancing the effectiveness of protected area management. This paper examines the labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives implemented in the protected areas of the Western Ghats, India, a significant biodiversity hotspot facing intense socio-economic pressures. Our findings show that eco-development has substantially altered labor market outcomes in villages within and surrounding protected areas, resulting in a higher share of non-farm employment. This shift is marked by a reduction in year-round work and an increase in seasonal employment. These effects appear to stem from the specific types of jobs created by eco-development and the changes in land use patterns it promotes, such as a higher proportion of forested land and increased reliance on rainfed agriculture over irrigated farming. Descriptive evidence also suggests that, despite improvements in literacy, the affected villages experience lower consumption levels and higher poverty rates.

生态发展旨在平衡经济发展与生物多样性保护之间的关系，提高保护区管理的有效性。本文研究了在印度西高止山脉保护区实施的生态发展计划对劳动力市场的影响，该保护区是生物多样性的重要热点地区，面临着巨大的社会经济压力。我们的研究结果表明，生态发展极大地改变了保护区内及周边村庄的劳动力市场结果，导致非农就业比例上升。这种变化的特点是全年工作的减少和季节性就业的增加。这些影响似乎源于生态发展所创造的特定类型的工作及其所促进的土地利用模式的变化，例如林地比例的增加以及对雨水灌溉农业的依赖程度高于灌溉农业。描述性证据还表明，尽管识字率有所提高，但受影响村庄的消费水平较低，贫困率较高。

引用次数: 0

Combining private and common property management: The impact of a hybrid ownership structure on grassland conservation 将私有财产和共有财产管理相结合：混合所有权结构对草原保护的影响

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103069

Min Liu , Pengfei Liu , Kaixing Huang

This study finds that a hybrid property structure, where private ownership and communal ownership coexist, outperforms pure private or pure public ownership in terms of grassland conservation after a grassland tenure reform in China. The tenure reform of privatization replaced public ownership gradually and led to a significant 5.4% increase in grassland quality on average. The grassland quality increase is twice as large for private grassland with additional access to public grassland compared to those without such access. Interestingly, public grassland quality did not decline, indicating sustainable utilization by herders. These findings are consistent with the literature which suggests that a properly structured hybrid ownership arrangement could benefit from the positive effects of grassland privatization while mitigating the negative impacts of natural disasters. We further provide empirical support and show that the gains from public grassland access are substantially larger when there are adverse climatic shocks. Our study provides important policy implications for property rights and sustainable grassland management under more frequent climate events.

本研究发现，在中国进行草原权属改革后，私有制与公有制并存的混合产权结构在草原保护方面优于纯私有制或纯公有制。私有化的权属改革逐步取代了公有制，使草原质量平均显著提高了 5.4%。与未进入公共草地的私有草地相比，可进入公共草地的私有草地的草地质量提高了一倍。有趣的是，公共草场的质量并没有下降，这表明牧民对草场的利用是可持续的。这些研究结果与相关文献一致，表明结构合理的混合所有制安排可以从草原私有化的积极效应中获益，同时减轻自然灾害的负面影响。我们进一步提供了经验支持，并表明当出现不利的气候冲击时，从公共草场使用权中获得的收益要大得多。我们的研究为更频繁气候事件下的产权和可持续草原管理提供了重要的政策启示。

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引用次数: 0

Turn off the faucet: Can individual meters reduce water consumption? 关闭水龙头：个人水表能减少用水量吗？

IF 5.5 3区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103065

Paul E. Carrillo , Ivette Contreras , Carlos Scartascini

When consumption of water and other utilities is measured collectively for many households and the payment of such services is equally shared among members of the group, individuals may use more than what is socially optimal. In this paper, we evaluate how the installation of individual meters affects water consumption. Using administrative data from the public water utility company in Quito, Ecuador, and an event study approach, it is estimated that water consumption decreases by about 20% as a result of the introduction of individual metering. The effect is large and economically significant: in order to obtain the same effect using the price mechanism in Quito, prices would have to increase by at least 66%. Individual water metering could be a useful tool to curve down consumption in both developing and developed countries.

当许多家庭的用水量和其他公用设施的消耗量被集体计量，并且这些服务的费用由群体成员平均分摊时，个人的用水量可能会超过社会最优水平。在本文中，我们将评估安装个人水表对用水量的影响。利用厄瓜多尔基多市公共供水公司的行政数据和事件研究方法，我们估算出在引入个人水表后，用水量减少了约 20%。这种效果很大，经济意义也很大：在基多，要想通过价格机制获得同样的效果，价格至少要上涨 66%。无论是在发展中国家还是发达国家，个人用水计量都可以成为降低用水量的有用工具。

引用次数: 0

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