Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76065
C. Udawattha, R. Halwatura
{"title":"Alternative Stabilizer for Mud Concrete","authors":"C. Udawattha, R. Halwatura","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79942911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76378
M. Baghban
Hardened cement paste (hcp), binding the components in cementitious composites, usu- ally controls most strength, transport, and durability properties of these materials. Water sorption in hcps can cause durability problems such as sulfate and chloride ingress, frost deterioration, and esthetic problems. Replacement of air by water in the pores can also increase the thermal conductivity of the material and affect the energy efficiency. Capillary suction test as a simple method for characterization of the material resistance to water sorption is described in this chapter. Different factors affecting water sorption of hcps such as changing water to cement ratio (w/c), using pozzolanic materials, and internal hydrophobation are also discussed. Furthermore, resistance number, capillary number, and pore protection factor as different criterions for characterizing the mois ture transport in cement-based materials are described. Since cement-based materials modified for reducing water sorption have different behavior in capillary suction test compared to ordinary materials, the abovementioned criteria may become inapplicable for characterizing these materials. Thus, “effective moisture transport ( EMT )” factor is introduced here which can be a more comparative measure for modified cementitious materials with denser or internally hydrophobed pore structure.
{"title":"Water Sorption of Hardened Cement Pastes","authors":"M. Baghban","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76378","url":null,"abstract":"Hardened cement paste (hcp), binding the components in cementitious composites, usu- ally controls most strength, transport, and durability properties of these materials. Water sorption in hcps can cause durability problems such as sulfate and chloride ingress, frost deterioration, and esthetic problems. Replacement of air by water in the pores can also increase the thermal conductivity of the material and affect the energy efficiency. Capillary suction test as a simple method for characterization of the material resistance to water sorption is described in this chapter. Different factors affecting water sorption of hcps such as changing water to cement ratio (w/c), using pozzolanic materials, and internal hydrophobation are also discussed. Furthermore, resistance number, capillary number, and pore protection factor as different criterions for characterizing the mois ture transport in cement-based materials are described. Since cement-based materials modified for reducing water sorption have different behavior in capillary suction test compared to ordinary materials, the abovementioned criteria may become inapplicable for characterizing these materials. Thus, “effective moisture transport ( EMT )” factor is introduced here which can be a more comparative measure for modified cementitious materials with denser or internally hydrophobed pore structure.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72727647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75102
W. Labib
Progression in cement-based technology has driven the development of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) materials; such as concrete technology. Steel fibre and synthetic fibre are fundamental fibre types, which include glass, carbon, polyvinyl, polyolefin, waste fibre materials and polypropylene. The mechanical properties of FRC members are affected from these fibres individually and in hybrid aspects. The type, content and geometry of fibres are relied to these mechanical properties. A significant improvement in mechanical and dynamic properties of reinforced concrete members is enabled due to additional fibres into cementitious composites. Most mechanical properties are enhanced through intercept micro-cracks. The level of enhancement accomplished relied on the type and dosage of fibre as compared to plain concrete. Effective tensile strength, energy dissipation capacity and toughness are explained through FRC. The shear, punching and flexure are significantly increased through the level of enhancement accomplished. These fibres include polyvinyl, glass, carbon, polyolefin and polypropylene that improve the mechanical properties of concrete. The historical use of fibres and types of fibres are reported in this chapter. Similarly, the curing of steel, structural synthetic fibres, the mechanical properties of cement, the addition, placing, finishing and mixing are based on waste fibres, hybrid fibres, steel and structural synthetic.
{"title":"Fibre Reinforced Cement Composites","authors":"W. Labib","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75102","url":null,"abstract":"Progression in cement-based technology has driven the development of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) materials; such as concrete technology. Steel fibre and synthetic fibre are fundamental fibre types, which include glass, carbon, polyvinyl, polyolefin, waste fibre materials and polypropylene. The mechanical properties of FRC members are affected from these fibres individually and in hybrid aspects. The type, content and geometry of fibres are relied to these mechanical properties. A significant improvement in mechanical and dynamic properties of reinforced concrete members is enabled due to additional fibres into cementitious composites. Most mechanical properties are enhanced through intercept micro-cracks. The level of enhancement accomplished relied on the type and dosage of fibre as compared to plain concrete. Effective tensile strength, energy dissipation capacity and toughness are explained through FRC. The shear, punching and flexure are significantly increased through the level of enhancement accomplished. These fibres include polyvinyl, glass, carbon, polyolefin and polypropylene that improve the mechanical properties of concrete. The historical use of fibres and types of fibres are reported in this chapter. Similarly, the curing of steel, structural synthetic fibres, the mechanical properties of cement, the addition, placing, finishing and mixing are based on waste fibres, hybrid fibres, steel and structural synthetic.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86944400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75122
Kochkarev Dmitriy, Galinska Tatyana
Calculation methodology of reinforced concrete elements based on the calculated resis- tance of reinforced concrete is presented. The basic depending which allows setting the strength of bending sections and elements is obtained. The reliability of the dependencies is experimentally confirmed. There are calculation examples of bending elements by the developed methodology. According to the given method, tables have been developed, which depending on the accepted parameters allow determining the resistance of the concrete, the stresses in the reinforced concrete and reinforcement, and the total relative deformation of the cross section. Using the calculated resistances of reinforced concrete allowed to reduce the calculation of reinforced concrete elements according to the nonlinear deformation model to the application of the formulas of the classical resistance of materials and to significantly simplifies the process of their calculation.
{"title":"Nonlinear Calculations of the Strength of Cross-sections of Bending Reinforced Concrete Elements and Their Practical Realization","authors":"Kochkarev Dmitriy, Galinska Tatyana","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75122","url":null,"abstract":"Calculation methodology of reinforced concrete elements based on the calculated resis- tance of reinforced concrete is presented. The basic depending which allows setting the strength of bending sections and elements is obtained. The reliability of the dependencies is experimentally confirmed. There are calculation examples of bending elements by the developed methodology. According to the given method, tables have been developed, which depending on the accepted parameters allow determining the resistance of the concrete, the stresses in the reinforced concrete and reinforcement, and the total relative deformation of the cross section. Using the calculated resistances of reinforced concrete allowed to reduce the calculation of reinforced concrete elements according to the nonlinear deformation model to the application of the formulas of the classical resistance of materials and to significantly simplifies the process of their calculation.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88423503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74607
E. Şahin
Biomaterials utilized in biomedical applications are of various characteristics and cements are unique in their in situ , biomimetic formation ability. They present the most topographically complex surfaces that usually elicit a favorable cellular response for tis- sue regeneration. In addition their composition may provide an effective chemical gradi ent around the resorbing implant to induce desired cellular activity that leads to rapid wound healing and regeneration. These are the main reasons for many cement systems to function well in the body, especially as hard tissue replacements. The properties and the setting mechanisms of the clinically most relevant cement system, calcium phosphate cements have been elucidated in this chapter.
{"title":"Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements","authors":"E. Şahin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74607","url":null,"abstract":"Biomaterials utilized in biomedical applications are of various characteristics and cements are unique in their in situ , biomimetic formation ability. They present the most topographically complex surfaces that usually elicit a favorable cellular response for tis- sue regeneration. In addition their composition may provide an effective chemical gradi ent around the resorbing implant to induce desired cellular activity that leads to rapid wound healing and regeneration. These are the main reasons for many cement systems to function well in the body, especially as hard tissue replacements. The properties and the setting mechanisms of the clinically most relevant cement system, calcium phosphate cements have been elucidated in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76410733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74108
T. Pyatina, T. Sugama
Geothermal environments are among the most difficult conditions for cements to survive. Normally accepted for high-temperature oil wells silica-modified Portland-based cement formulations are not durable in hostile geothermal environments failing to provide good zonal isolation and metal casing corrosion-protection. High-temperature well cement compositions based on calcium-aluminate cements have been designed to seal such wells. Two types of calcium-aluminate cement are of particular interest for geothermal applications. One is–chemical type, calcium-aluminate-phosphate cement (CaP) already used in the field and the other, alkali-activated calcium-aluminate type (thermal shock resistant cement, (TSRC), has been recently developed. The CaP cements were designed as CO2-resistant cements for use in mildly acidic (pH ~ 5.0) CO2-rich downhole environments. TSRC was formulated to withstand dry-heat – cold water cycles of more than 500°C. This chapter includes information and discussions of cement forming mechanisms, cements mechanical properties, resistance to mild and strong acids, cementcarbon steel bonding and self-recovery of mechanical strength and fractures closure after imposed damage. Performance of common high-temperature OPC-based composites is discussed for comparison.
{"title":"Cements for High-Temperature Geothermal Wells","authors":"T. Pyatina, T. Sugama","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74108","url":null,"abstract":"Geothermal environments are among the most difficult conditions for cements to survive. Normally accepted for high-temperature oil wells silica-modified Portland-based cement formulations are not durable in hostile geothermal environments failing to provide good zonal isolation and metal casing corrosion-protection. High-temperature well cement compositions based on calcium-aluminate cements have been designed to seal such wells. Two types of calcium-aluminate cement are of particular interest for geothermal applications. One is–chemical type, calcium-aluminate-phosphate cement (CaP) already used in the field and the other, alkali-activated calcium-aluminate type (thermal shock resistant cement, (TSRC), has been recently developed. The CaP cements were designed as CO2-resistant cements for use in mildly acidic (pH ~ 5.0) CO2-rich downhole environments. TSRC was formulated to withstand dry-heat – cold water cycles of more than 500°C. This chapter includes information and discussions of cement forming mechanisms, cements mechanical properties, resistance to mild and strong acids, cementcarbon steel bonding and self-recovery of mechanical strength and fractures closure after imposed damage. Performance of common high-temperature OPC-based composites is discussed for comparison.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75588199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74438
M. Abdullah, L. Ming, Heah Cheng-Yong, M. F. Tahir
The term “geopolymer” was introduced by Davidovits in the 1970s. The prefix “geo” was selected to symbolize the constitutive relationship of the binders to geological materials, natural stone and/or minerals. Geopolymer is mineral polymers of inorganic polymer glasses with structure resembling natural zeolitic materials. Previously, geopolymer formation used source materials such as clay (e.g. kaolin and calcined kaolin) or industrial by-product (e.g. slag and fly ash). The precursor material plays an important role in the formation of geopolymer. The source material provides silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) for reaction by an alkali activator solution. The Si and Al contents in the source materials dissolve in the alkaline activator solution and then polymerize to form a polymeric Si-O-Al-O framework which becomes the binder. Geopolymeric materials are attractive because of their excellent mechanical properties; durability and thermal stability can also be achieved. Owing to their low calcium content, they are more resistant to acid attack than materials based on Portland cement. In addition, they are of great interest because of the reduced energy requirement for their manufacture and the higher sustainability. Recently the search for alternative low cost and easily available materials led among oth- ers to Clay. Clay generally consists of a mixture of different clay minerals and associated minerals, which are strongly affected by the nature of the parent rocks. These materials are extensively distributed over the surface of the world and may show certain reac tivity after a thermal activation process shows a great potential to be utilized in geo- polymer technology. This article presents the potential of different types of clay as the source materials for geopolymerization reaction in terms of morphological properties. Moreover, the mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymer made with various kinds of clay and its potential application are also presented.
“地聚合物”一词是由Davidovits在20世纪70年代提出的。选择前缀“geo”来象征粘合剂与地质材料、天然石材和/或矿物的本构关系。地聚合物是无机聚合物玻璃的矿物聚合物，其结构类似于天然沸石材料。以前，地聚合物的形成使用粘土(如高岭土和煅烧高岭土)或工业副产品(如矿渣和粉煤灰)等原料。前驱体材料在地聚合物的形成中起着重要的作用。源材料提供硅(Si)和铝(Al)，用于碱激活剂溶液的反应。原料中的Si和Al含量溶解在碱性活化剂溶液中，然后聚合形成聚合物Si- o -Al- o骨架，成为粘合剂。地聚合物材料因其优异的力学性能而备受青睐;耐久性和热稳定性也可以实现。由于钙含量低，它们比波特兰水泥基材料更耐酸侵蚀。此外，由于其制造的能源需求减少和更高的可持续性，它们引起了极大的兴趣。最近，人们在寻找低成本和容易获得的替代材料时，把目光投向了粘土。粘土通常由不同粘土矿物和伴生矿物的混合物组成，这些矿物受母岩性质的强烈影响。这些材料广泛分布在地球表面，经热活化后可表现出一定的反应性，在地质聚合物技术中具有很大的应用潜力。本文从形态性质方面介绍了不同类型粘土作为地聚合反应源物质的潜力。此外，还介绍了各种粘土制成的地聚合物的力学和微观结构特性及其潜在的应用前景。
{"title":"Clay-Based Materials in Geopolymer Technology","authors":"M. Abdullah, L. Ming, Heah Cheng-Yong, M. F. Tahir","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74438","url":null,"abstract":"The term “geopolymer” was introduced by Davidovits in the 1970s. The prefix “geo” was selected to symbolize the constitutive relationship of the binders to geological materials, natural stone and/or minerals. Geopolymer is mineral polymers of inorganic polymer glasses with structure resembling natural zeolitic materials. Previously, geopolymer formation used source materials such as clay (e.g. kaolin and calcined kaolin) or industrial by-product (e.g. slag and fly ash). The precursor material plays an important role in the formation of geopolymer. The source material provides silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) for reaction by an alkali activator solution. The Si and Al contents in the source materials dissolve in the alkaline activator solution and then polymerize to form a polymeric Si-O-Al-O framework which becomes the binder. Geopolymeric materials are attractive because of their excellent mechanical properties; durability and thermal stability can also be achieved. Owing to their low calcium content, they are more resistant to acid attack than materials based on Portland cement. In addition, they are of great interest because of the reduced energy requirement for their manufacture and the higher sustainability. Recently the search for alternative low cost and easily available materials led among oth- ers to Clay. Clay generally consists of a mixture of different clay minerals and associated minerals, which are strongly affected by the nature of the parent rocks. These materials are extensively distributed over the surface of the world and may show certain reac tivity after a thermal activation process shows a great potential to be utilized in geo- polymer technology. This article presents the potential of different types of clay as the source materials for geopolymerization reaction in terms of morphological properties. Moreover, the mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymer made with various kinds of clay and its potential application are also presented.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80402438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74376
M. Aldahdooh
This chapter presents a review on the use of various industrial wastes, by-products in the development of green ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (UHPFRCCs), and their effects on mechanical properties of UHPFRCC, such as metakaolin, rejected fly ash, glass powder, and palm oil fuel ash. The outcomes of this chapter would encourage the use of by-product as a supplementary cementitious material. This could be useful in protecting the environment by minimizing the volume of waste disposed on the wasteland and minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases that are released during cement production, besides contributing to cost – saving, which could somehow contribute toward the sustainability of the concrete industry.
{"title":"Utilization of By‐Product Materials in Ultra High‐Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites","authors":"M. Aldahdooh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74376","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a review on the use of various industrial wastes, by-products in the development of green ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (UHPFRCCs), and their effects on mechanical properties of UHPFRCC, such as metakaolin, rejected fly ash, glass powder, and palm oil fuel ash. The outcomes of this chapter would encourage the use of by-product as a supplementary cementitious material. This could be useful in protecting the environment by minimizing the volume of waste disposed on the wasteland and minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases that are released during cement production, besides contributing to cost – saving, which could somehow contribute toward the sustainability of the concrete industry.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80284474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74315
H. Hammi, Amal Brichni, S. Aggoun, A. M’nif
In this chapter, the experimental design methodology is applied to optimize the forma- tion conditions of magnesium chloride cement. A factorial design to model and to optimize the operating parameters that govern the formation was used. The studied factors were mass ratio of MgCl 2 .6H 2 O/MgO, mixing time and stirring speed. The considered responses were compressive strength and setting time. The optimum operating condi tions were quite efficient to have a good compressive strength and suitable setting time. The phases’ compositions of the magnesium oxychloride cement were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, the morphological properties were examined by scanning electron micros - copy (SEM) method and their thermal behavior was analyzed by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA). The raw materials used in the study were magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride hexahydrate obtained from natural brines in the south of Tunisia.
{"title":"Sorel Cements from Tunisian Natural Brines","authors":"H. Hammi, Amal Brichni, S. Aggoun, A. M’nif","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74315","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the experimental design methodology is applied to optimize the forma- tion conditions of magnesium chloride cement. A factorial design to model and to optimize the operating parameters that govern the formation was used. The studied factors were mass ratio of MgCl 2 .6H 2 O/MgO, mixing time and stirring speed. The considered responses were compressive strength and setting time. The optimum operating condi tions were quite efficient to have a good compressive strength and suitable setting time. The phases’ compositions of the magnesium oxychloride cement were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, the morphological properties were examined by scanning electron micros - copy (SEM) method and their thermal behavior was analyzed by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA). The raw materials used in the study were magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride hexahydrate obtained from natural brines in the south of Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76539517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：