Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12427.x
{"title":"CAMEROON: Opposition Leader Flees","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12427.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12427.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25136B-25137B"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12438.x
{"title":"NIGERIA: National Emergency","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12438.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12438.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25147A-25149C"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12418.x
<p><b>Continuing violence raises questions about the US-brokered accord</b>.</p><p>The leaders of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo formalised a peace deal in Washington at a summit hosted by <b>US</b> President <b>Donald Trump</b>, though fresh violence raised questions about the accord aimed at ending one of Africa's longest wars.</p><p>Congolese President <b>Felix Tshisekedi</b> and <b>Paul Kagame</b>, the longtime president of Rwanda, officially signed the “Washington Agreements for Peace and Stability” in the US capital on December 4th, nearly a year after they failed to make a similar joint declaration in <b>Angola</b>. President Trump said the peace ceremony, held at the newly renamed Donald J Trump Institute of Peace, was a “great day” for Africa and the world.</p><p>The African leaders took a more cautious tone, as fighting raged in eastern DRC where the <b>M23</b> armed group – which the <b>United Nations</b> says is backed by Rwanda – had been gaining ground in recent weeks against Kinshasa's forces <i>(See p.25141C)</i>. There was no official handshake at the ceremony and the agreement contains no binding mechanism.</p><p>The pact built on months of peace efforts by the US, the African Union (<b>AU</b>) and <b>Qatar</b>, and finalises an agreement first signed in June. It brings together peace and economic deals, as well as bilateral agreements between each country and the US.</p><p>The peace sections reiterate texts already signed in recent months to “bring an end to one of the oldest conflicts in the world”, according to Trump. Its security package incorporates a permanent ceasefire, the disarmament of non-state forces and provisions to allow refugees to return home.</p><p>The economic aspect is aimed at kicking off “a new era of harmony and cooperation” between Kinshasa and Kigali by addressing the opacity of critical mineral supply chains. Two bilateral agreements – one between Kinshasa and Washington and the other between Kigali and Washington – both open up new opportunities for the US to access critical minerals. Trump has promised to send big American companies to both countries.</p><p>The signing ceremony was attended by <b>Togolese</b> President of the Council of Ministers <b>Faure Gnassingbé</b>, <b>Angolan</b> President <b>João Lourenço</b>, <b>Burundian</b> President <b>Évariste Ndayishimiye</b>, <b>Kenyan</b> President <b>William Ruto</b>, AU Chairperson <b>Mahmoud Ali Youssouf</b>, <b>Ugandan</b> Vice President <b>Jessica Alupo</b>, Qatari Minister of State Dr. <b>Mohammed Al Khulaifi</b> and <b>Emirati</b> Minister of State Sheikh <b>Shakhboot bin Nahyan Al Nahyan</b>.</p><p>The UN on December 5th welcomed the peace accord as a “critical step” toward restoring trust, while warning that active fighting near border areas continued to exact a heavy toll on civilians. In a statement, UN Secretary-General <b>Antonio Guterres</b> commended President Trump for his efforts and congratulated Tshisekedi and Kagame on w
持续的暴力引发了对美国斡旋的协议的质疑。在美国总统唐纳德•特朗普（Donald Trump）主持的华盛顿峰会上，卢旺达和刚果民主共和国领导人正式签署了一项和平协议，尽管新的暴力事件让人们对这项旨在结束非洲最长战争之一的协议产生了质疑。12月4日，刚果（金）总统齐塞克迪和长期担任卢旺达总统的保罗·卡加梅在美国首都正式签署了《华盛顿和平与稳定协议》。近一年前，他们在安哥拉未能发表类似的联合声明。特朗普总统表示，在新更名的唐纳德·J·特朗普和平研究所举行的和平仪式对非洲和世界来说是“伟大的一天”。非洲领导人采取了更为谨慎的语气，因为刚果民主共和国东部的战斗正在激烈进行，M23武装组织——联合国称其得到卢旺达的支持——最近几周在金沙萨军队的进攻中取得了进展（见p.25141C）。仪式上没有正式握手，协议也没有约束力。该协议建立在美国、非洲联盟（非盟）和卡塔尔数月的和平努力基础上，最终敲定了6月份首次签署的一项协议。它汇集了和平与经济协议，以及各国与美国之间的双边协议。特朗普表示，和平部分重申了最近几个月已经签署的文本，以“结束世界上最古老的冲突之一”。其安全方案包括永久停火、非国家部队解除武装以及允许难民返回家园的条款。经济方面的目标是通过解决关键矿产供应链的不透明问题，开启金沙萨和基加利之间“和谐与合作的新时代”。两项双边协议——一项是金沙萨与华盛顿之间的协议，另一项是基加利与华盛顿之间的协议——都为美国获取关键矿产开辟了新的机会。特朗普承诺将美国大公司送往这两个国家。多哥部长会议主席纳辛波埃、安哥拉总统洛伦帕拉多、布隆迪总统恩达伊希米耶、肯尼亚总统鲁托、非盟主席优素福、乌干达副总统阿卢波、卡塔尔国务大臣库莱菲、阿联酋国务大臣纳哈扬出席了签字仪式。12月5日，联合国对和平协议表示欢迎，认为这是恢复信任的“关键一步”，同时警告称，边境地区的激烈战斗仍在给平民造成严重伤亡。联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在一份声明中赞扬了特朗普总统的努力，并祝贺齐塞克迪和卡加梅取得了他所说的“重要里程碑”。他还对多哈和非盟主导的进程取得的进展表示欢迎，并敦促各方“履行他们所作出的承诺，包括遵守安理会第2773（2025）号决议所要求的永久停火”。据私人拥有的卢旺达广播电视台报道，12月13日，刚果民主共和国反对派领导人塞桑加指责总统齐塞克迪与卢旺达签署和平协议是“出卖国家”，称该协议没有产生任何结果。塞桑加批评齐塞克迪依赖特朗普政府来执行该协议，称美国只关注获得采矿权。在卡加梅主持的会议之后，卢旺达内阁在12月17日发表声明，重申卢旺达致力于为刚果民主共和国东部的和平作出区域和全球努力，并表示必须考虑各方的安全关切。根据私营的KT Press网站，卢旺达的安全问题包括在刚果民主共和国东部持续存在威胁其利益的武装团体，其中包括解放卢旺达民主力量（FDLR）。（PANA 4/12; RFI 5/12; UN News Service 5/12; BBC Monitoring 14,18 /12）
{"title":"DR CONGO – RWANDA: Peace Deal","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12418.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12418.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Continuing violence raises questions about the US-brokered accord</b>.</p><p>The leaders of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo formalised a peace deal in Washington at a summit hosted by <b>US</b> President <b>Donald Trump</b>, though fresh violence raised questions about the accord aimed at ending one of Africa's longest wars.</p><p>Congolese President <b>Felix Tshisekedi</b> and <b>Paul Kagame</b>, the longtime president of Rwanda, officially signed the “Washington Agreements for Peace and Stability” in the US capital on December 4th, nearly a year after they failed to make a similar joint declaration in <b>Angola</b>. President Trump said the peace ceremony, held at the newly renamed Donald J Trump Institute of Peace, was a “great day” for Africa and the world.</p><p>The African leaders took a more cautious tone, as fighting raged in eastern DRC where the <b>M23</b> armed group – which the <b>United Nations</b> says is backed by Rwanda – had been gaining ground in recent weeks against Kinshasa's forces <i>(See p.25141C)</i>. There was no official handshake at the ceremony and the agreement contains no binding mechanism.</p><p>The pact built on months of peace efforts by the US, the African Union (<b>AU</b>) and <b>Qatar</b>, and finalises an agreement first signed in June. It brings together peace and economic deals, as well as bilateral agreements between each country and the US.</p><p>The peace sections reiterate texts already signed in recent months to “bring an end to one of the oldest conflicts in the world”, according to Trump. Its security package incorporates a permanent ceasefire, the disarmament of non-state forces and provisions to allow refugees to return home.</p><p>The economic aspect is aimed at kicking off “a new era of harmony and cooperation” between Kinshasa and Kigali by addressing the opacity of critical mineral supply chains. Two bilateral agreements – one between Kinshasa and Washington and the other between Kigali and Washington – both open up new opportunities for the US to access critical minerals. Trump has promised to send big American companies to both countries.</p><p>The signing ceremony was attended by <b>Togolese</b> President of the Council of Ministers <b>Faure Gnassingbé</b>, <b>Angolan</b> President <b>João Lourenço</b>, <b>Burundian</b> President <b>Évariste Ndayishimiye</b>, <b>Kenyan</b> President <b>William Ruto</b>, AU Chairperson <b>Mahmoud Ali Youssouf</b>, <b>Ugandan</b> Vice President <b>Jessica Alupo</b>, Qatari Minister of State Dr. <b>Mohammed Al Khulaifi</b> and <b>Emirati</b> Minister of State Sheikh <b>Shakhboot bin Nahyan Al Nahyan</b>.</p><p>The UN on December 5th welcomed the peace accord as a “critical step” toward restoring trust, while warning that active fighting near border areas continued to exact a heavy toll on civilians. In a statement, UN Secretary-General <b>Antonio Guterres</b> commended President Trump for his efforts and congratulated Tshisekedi and Kagame on w","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25130B-25131B"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12416.x
{"title":"GUINEA-BISSAU: Embalo Ousted","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12416.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12416.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25127A-25129C"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12442.x
{"title":"Somalia: Late November and December Events as Reported by Various Media","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12442.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12442.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25150A-25150C"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12448.x
{"title":"MALI: Unified Sahel Force","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12448.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12448.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25157C-25158C"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12450.x
{"title":"South Africa – US: Intensifying Feud","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12450.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12450.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12452.x
{"title":"Archaeology, Egypt","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12452.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12452.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12425.x
{"title":"SOMALIA: Poll Update","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12425.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12425.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25134C-25135C"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12420.x
{"title":"ETHIOPIA: Voting Date","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12420.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2026.12420.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100057,"journal":{"name":"Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series","volume":"62 12","pages":"25132A-25133C"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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