Pub Date : 1999-06-01DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.PLANKT.A029781
J. Kane
The annual cycle of abundance and the monthly distribu tions of the copepod Cenfropages hamatus are described for U.S. north east continental shelf waters from plankton samples collected approxi mately bimonthly from 1977 to 1987. The copepod was found distributed throughout the study area with a strong onshore-offshore abundance gradient. After its annual low, C. hamatuswas found to increase in abun dance slowly along the coast and to ex pand offshore following the northward progression of spring conditions. The highest monthly mean abundance es timates of C. hamatus were found on Georges Bank during the month ofJuly. Distribution begins to constrict inshore following peak abundance periods. Examination of environmental vari ables revealed that in general Cenfro pages hamatus was prevalent when surface temperatures ranged from 12 to 17°C, when water-column chloro phyll levels were high, and where sa linity was low on the shelf. The popu lation in the MiddleAtlantic Bight sub area declines sharply as water tem peratures rise in summer and does not begin to recover until temperatures decline in the fall. In contrast, popula tions in the more northern regions de crease slowly from peak abundance and do not increase from their annual low until water temperatures rise in early spring. The pelagic population that sur vives through low abundance periods is concentrated in shoal or inshore (or both) waters where temperature is low and phytoplankton biomass high. There was no evidence from survey data that predation by ctenophores, chaetognaths. or the copepod Centropages typicus has a majoreffect on C. hamafusabundance.
{"title":"Persistent spatial and temporal abundance patterns for late-stage copepodites of Centropages hamatus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the U.S. northeast continental shelf ecosystem","authors":"J. Kane","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.PLANKT.A029781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.PLANKT.A029781","url":null,"abstract":"The annual cycle of abundance and the monthly distribu tions of the copepod Cenfropages hamatus are described for U.S. north east continental shelf waters from plankton samples collected approxi mately bimonthly from 1977 to 1987. The copepod was found distributed throughout the study area with a strong onshore-offshore abundance gradient. After its annual low, C. hamatuswas found to increase in abun dance slowly along the coast and to ex pand offshore following the northward progression of spring conditions. The highest monthly mean abundance es timates of C. hamatus were found on Georges Bank during the month ofJuly. Distribution begins to constrict inshore following peak abundance periods. Examination of environmental vari ables revealed that in general Cenfro pages hamatus was prevalent when surface temperatures ranged from 12 to 17°C, when water-column chloro phyll levels were high, and where sa linity was low on the shelf. The popu lation in the MiddleAtlantic Bight sub area declines sharply as water tem peratures rise in summer and does not begin to recover until temperatures decline in the fall. In contrast, popula tions in the more northern regions de crease slowly from peak abundance and do not increase from their annual low until water temperatures rise in early spring. The pelagic population that sur vives through low abundance periods is concentrated in shoal or inshore (or both) waters where temperature is low and phytoplankton biomass high. There was no evidence from survey data that predation by ctenophores, chaetognaths. or the copepod Centropages typicus has a majoreffect on C. hamafusabundance.","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"167 1","pages":"1305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77934103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late Pleistocene marine deposition and TL chronology of the New South Wales, Australian coastline","authors":"E. Bryant, R. Young, D. Price","doi":"10.1127/zfg/41/1997/205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/zfg/41/1997/205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88883387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.2973/ODP.PROC.SR.158.217.1998
M. Hannington, A. Galley, P. Herzig, S. Petersen
Drilling of the active Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) deposit indicates that the size of the mound-stockwork complex is approximately 3.9 million t, including 2.7 million t of massive and semi-massive sulfide (~2% Cu) at the seafloor and 1.2 million t of mineralized breccias (~1% Cu) in a subseafloor stockwork. Quartz-pyrite veining in the stockwork zone extends from about 40 meters below seafloor (mbsf) to a depth of 95 mbsf. Siliceous wallrock breccias in the lower part of the stockwork grade abruptly into chloritized basalt breccias at the margins of the mineralized zone, and massive sulfides at the flanks of the deposit onlap relatively unaltered, partially hematized basalts. The pipe-like dimensions of the stockwork zone do not exceed the diameter of the sulfide mound. Comparisons with samples collected during earlier dive series confirm that the vent complexes at the surface of the mound are not representative of the bulk composition of the deposit. Steep vertical metal zonation within the mound suggests that a long history of hydrothermal reworking has effectively stripped the constituents that are soluble at lower temperatures from the massive sulfides and concentrated them at the top of the deposit through a process of zone refining. The bulk of the mound is composed of massive pyrite and anhydrite-cemented breccias. The massive anhydrite (~165,000 t) occupies a high-temperature zone, immediately beneath the central Black Smoker Complex and above the quartz-rich stockwork. Fracturing in the underlying quartz-pyrite stockwork also has resulted in anhydrite veining at considerable depths in the stockwork zone. Despite the abundance of anhydrite in the mound, the amount of seawater penetrating the region of hightemperature upflow is small in comparison to the total mass flux of hydrothermal fluid. The anhydrite has been deposited by conductive heating of a small amount of entrained seawater at the margins of high-temperature conduits, and little or no mixing has occurred with the end-member fluids. Collapse of the anhydrite-supported portion of the mound following major episodes of hydrothermal upflow has caused extensive in situ brecciation of the mound and is an important mechanism for the formation of “breccia ores” in the deposit. Although anhydrite is not well preserved in the geologic record, given its retrograde solubility, it has likely played an important role in the development of similar ore types in ancient massive sulfides. The morphology, size, and bulk composition of the TAG mound-stockwork complex is identical to that of some of the largest Cyprus-type massive sulfide deposits in the Troodos ophiolite. Typical Cyprus-type deposits comprise massive brecciated pyrite ores, underlain by a vertically extensive quartz-pyrite-chlorite stockwork. Sandy pyrite or conglomeratic ore, similar to that found in the TAG mound, is characteristic of the upper parts of Cyprus-type deposits. Textures in these ores, previously attributed to
{"title":"Comparison of the TAG mound and stockwork complex with Cyprus-type massive sulfide deposits","authors":"M. Hannington, A. Galley, P. Herzig, S. Petersen","doi":"10.2973/ODP.PROC.SR.158.217.1998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2973/ODP.PROC.SR.158.217.1998","url":null,"abstract":"Drilling of the active Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) deposit indicates that the size of the mound-stockwork complex is approximately 3.9 million t, including 2.7 million t of massive and semi-massive sulfide (~2% Cu) at the seafloor and 1.2 million t of mineralized breccias (~1% Cu) in a subseafloor stockwork. Quartz-pyrite veining in the stockwork zone extends from about 40 meters below seafloor (mbsf) to a depth of 95 mbsf. Siliceous wallrock breccias in the lower part of the stockwork grade abruptly into chloritized basalt breccias at the margins of the mineralized zone, and massive sulfides at the flanks of the deposit onlap relatively unaltered, partially hematized basalts. The pipe-like dimensions of the stockwork zone do not exceed the diameter of the sulfide mound. Comparisons with samples collected during earlier dive series confirm that the vent complexes at the surface of the mound are not representative of the bulk composition of the deposit. Steep vertical metal zonation within the mound suggests that a long history of hydrothermal reworking has effectively stripped the constituents that are soluble at lower temperatures from the massive sulfides and concentrated them at the top of the deposit through a process of zone refining. The bulk of the mound is composed of massive pyrite and anhydrite-cemented breccias. The massive anhydrite (~165,000 t) occupies a high-temperature zone, immediately beneath the central Black Smoker Complex and above the quartz-rich stockwork. Fracturing in the underlying quartz-pyrite stockwork also has resulted in anhydrite veining at considerable depths in the stockwork zone. Despite the abundance of anhydrite in the mound, the amount of seawater penetrating the region of hightemperature upflow is small in comparison to the total mass flux of hydrothermal fluid. The anhydrite has been deposited by conductive heating of a small amount of entrained seawater at the margins of high-temperature conduits, and little or no mixing has occurred with the end-member fluids. Collapse of the anhydrite-supported portion of the mound following major episodes of hydrothermal upflow has caused extensive in situ brecciation of the mound and is an important mechanism for the formation of “breccia ores” in the deposit. Although anhydrite is not well preserved in the geologic record, given its retrograde solubility, it has likely played an important role in the development of similar ore types in ancient massive sulfides. The morphology, size, and bulk composition of the TAG mound-stockwork complex is identical to that of some of the largest Cyprus-type massive sulfide deposits in the Troodos ophiolite. Typical Cyprus-type deposits comprise massive brecciated pyrite ores, underlain by a vertically extensive quartz-pyrite-chlorite stockwork. Sandy pyrite or conglomeratic ore, similar to that found in the TAG mound, is characteristic of the upper parts of Cyprus-type deposits. Textures in these ores, previously attributed to ","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"28 6 1","pages":"1557-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75785693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asphaltene fractions were precipitated from two crude oils (designated as Prudhoe Bay `95 and Wyoming `95) by addition of n-hexane. A solution of 250 mg/L of asphaltenes in toluene was used to induce wettability changes in Berea sandstone cores by flow of asphaltene solutions through the core. Concentration of asphaltenes in the effluent was measured by ultraviolet (UV) absorbance. Wettability changes were assessed from measurements of the rate of spontaneous imbibition for changes in initial water saturation and brine composition. Water wetness decreased markedly with increase in ionic strength, increase in cation valency, and decrease in initial water saturation. For comparable conditions, changing the brine anions (chloride, nitrate, carbonate, and sulfate) caused lesser but fairly consistent changes in wetting. Wetting changes induced by asphaltenes from the Wyoming `95 crude oil were always higher than for those prepared from the Prudhoe Bay `95 crude oil. Waterflood recoveries for NaCl, CaCl{sub 2}, and AlCl{sub 3} brines (0.09 M) increased with decrease in water wetness, with recovery reaching a maximum at an Amott wettability index of about 0.2. This result agrees with results reported previously for wettability changes induced by adsorption from crude oil.
从两种原油(指定为Prudhoe Bay ' 95和Wyoming ' 95)中加入正己烷沉淀沥青质馏分。采用250 mg/L的甲苯沥青质溶液，通过沥青质溶液在岩心中的流动来诱导Berea砂岩岩心的润湿性变化。用紫外分光光度法测定了废水中沥青质的浓度。通过测量初始含水饱和度和盐水组成变化的自发渗吸速率来评估润湿性变化。随着离子强度的增加、阳离子价的增加和初始水饱和度的降低，水湿度显著降低。在可比较的条件下，改变盐水阴离子(氯化物、硝酸盐、碳酸盐和硫酸盐)会引起较小但相当一致的润湿变化。怀俄明95年原油沥青质的润湿变化始终高于普拉德霍湾95年原油沥青质的润湿变化。NaCl、CaCl{sub 2}和AlCl{sub 3}盐水(0.09 M)的水驱采收率随着水湿度的减小而增大，在Amott润湿指数约为0.2时采收率达到最大值。这一结果与先前报道的原油吸附引起润湿性变化的结果一致。
{"title":"Wettability changes induced by adsorption of asphaltenes","authors":"Yan Jienian, H. Plancher, N. Morrow","doi":"10.2118/37232-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/37232-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Asphaltene fractions were precipitated from two crude oils (designated as Prudhoe Bay `95 and Wyoming `95) by addition of n-hexane. A solution of 250 mg/L of asphaltenes in toluene was used to induce wettability changes in Berea sandstone cores by flow of asphaltene solutions through the core. Concentration of asphaltenes in the effluent was measured by ultraviolet (UV) absorbance. Wettability changes were assessed from measurements of the rate of spontaneous imbibition for changes in initial water saturation and brine composition. Water wetness decreased markedly with increase in ionic strength, increase in cation valency, and decrease in initial water saturation. For comparable conditions, changing the brine anions (chloride, nitrate, carbonate, and sulfate) caused lesser but fairly consistent changes in wetting. Wetting changes induced by asphaltenes from the Wyoming `95 crude oil were always higher than for those prepared from the Prudhoe Bay `95 crude oil. Waterflood recoveries for NaCl, CaCl{sub 2}, and AlCl{sub 3} brines (0.09 M) increased with decrease in water wetness, with recovery reaching a maximum at an Amott wettability index of about 0.2. This result agrees with results reported previously for wettability changes induced by adsorption from crude oil.","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"587-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1991 epidemic dieback of the kelp Ecklonia radiata has been observed at the Leigh h4arine Reserve and other sites in northern New Zealand. As the dominant phaeophycean E. radiata is a very important component of the eastern coastal ecosystem, providing both food and refuge for many species. Examination of the E. radiata sap extracts by electron microscopy detected the presence of both straight (ca 280 nm) and flexuous (ca 700 to 900 nm) virus-like filamentous particles. Extracts from several dieback-affected plants also reacted positively with potyvirus group monoclonal antibody.
{"title":"Virus-like particles associated with dieback symptoms in the brown alga Ecklonia radiata","authors":"L. Easton, G. Lewis, M. Pearson","doi":"10.3354/DAO030217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/DAO030217","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1991 epidemic dieback of the kelp Ecklonia radiata has been observed at the Leigh h4arine Reserve and other sites in northern New Zealand. As the dominant phaeophycean E. radiata is a very important component of the eastern coastal ecosystem, providing both food and refuge for many species. Examination of the E. radiata sap extracts by electron microscopy detected the presence of both straight (ca 280 nm) and flexuous (ca 700 to 900 nm) virus-like filamentous particles. Extracts from several dieback-affected plants also reacted positively with potyvirus group monoclonal antibody.","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"244 1","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74053485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-05-01DOI: 10.1306/D4268577-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
C. Vasconcelos, J. Mckenzie
ABSTRACT Dolomite, despite its thermodynamic stability and abundance in the ancient rock record, is rarely found forming in Holocene environments. This enigma is frequently called the Dolomite Problem. The recent discovery of modern dolomite formation in Lagoa Vermelha, a shallow-water isolated coastal lagoon east of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, provides a new environment to investigate the factors promoting dolomite precipitation under earth surface conditions. Lagoa Vermelha serves as a natural laboratory in which the dolomite formation process was studied using an integrated hydrologic, geochemical, and sedimentological approach. The results of this study indicate that Ca-dolomite precipitation occurs under anoxic hypersaline conditions within a black sludge layer directly overlying the water/se iment interface. With deposition, the dolomite undergoes an "ageing" process, whereby increased ordering of the crystal structure occurs. Both the initial precipitation and subsequent early diagenesis are strongly mediated by microbial activity. In fact, using sulfate-reducing bacteria cultured from Lagoa Vermelha samples, a highly ordered dolomite has been produced in the laboratory at low temperatures. These experimental results combined with the study of the natural environment mandate that a microbial factor be added to the list of factors capable of causing dolomite precipitation. Considering the Lagoa Vermelha system, we propose a new actualistic model for dolomite formation, which we call the microbial dolomite model.
{"title":"Microbial mediation of modern dolomite precipitation and diagenesis under anoxic conditions","authors":"C. Vasconcelos, J. Mckenzie","doi":"10.1306/D4268577-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268577-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dolomite, despite its thermodynamic stability and abundance in the ancient rock record, is rarely found forming in Holocene environments. This enigma is frequently called the Dolomite Problem. The recent discovery of modern dolomite formation in Lagoa Vermelha, a shallow-water isolated coastal lagoon east of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, provides a new environment to investigate the factors promoting dolomite precipitation under earth surface conditions. Lagoa Vermelha serves as a natural laboratory in which the dolomite formation process was studied using an integrated hydrologic, geochemical, and sedimentological approach. The results of this study indicate that Ca-dolomite precipitation occurs under anoxic hypersaline conditions within a black sludge layer directly overlying the water/se iment interface. With deposition, the dolomite undergoes an \"ageing\" process, whereby increased ordering of the crystal structure occurs. Both the initial precipitation and subsequent early diagenesis are strongly mediated by microbial activity. In fact, using sulfate-reducing bacteria cultured from Lagoa Vermelha samples, a highly ordered dolomite has been produced in the laboratory at low temperatures. These experimental results combined with the study of the natural environment mandate that a microbial factor be added to the list of factors capable of causing dolomite precipitation. Considering the Lagoa Vermelha system, we propose a new actualistic model for dolomite formation, which we call the microbial dolomite model.","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"1263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73678263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vacelt, A. Fiala-Médioni, C. Fisher, N. Boury-Esnault
Dense bush-l~ke clumps of several hundred ~ n d ~ v l d u a l s of a new specles of Cladorhiza (Demosponglae, Poeciloscler~da) were observed near methane sources in mud volcanoes 4718 to 4943 m dcep In the Barbddos Trench The sponge tissue contalns 2 maln mo~pho log~ca l types of extracellular symbiotic bacteria small rod-shaped cells and larger cocco~d cells with stacked membranes Stdble carbon ~so tope values, the presence of methanol dehydrogenase and ultrastructural observatlons all lndlcate that at least some of the syrnblonts are methdnotrophic Ultrastructural e v ~ d e n c e of ~n l r ace l l~~ la r d ~ g e s t ~ o n of thp s y n ~ b ~ o n t s and the stable C and X values suggest that thc sponge obtalns a slgnlflcdnt portion of its nutr~tlon from the symbionts Ultrdstructure of the sponqe embryo suggests d ~ r e c t ransmission throuqh qc.neratlons In brooded embryos The sponge also ma~ntrilns a carnivorous feed~ng hdblt on tin swlmmlng prey, as do other cladorhlzlds K E Y L/ORDS. Methanotrophy POI-~fera . Deep-sea . Symbiosis . Cold-seep communities
在距海沟4718 ~ 4943 m的泥火山甲烷源附近，发现了一种新的Cladorhiza (demo海绵科，Poeciloscler~da)的密集的灌木状块状体，块状体大小为数百~ 1 ~ 2 ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ 1 ~ 2种类型的胞外共生细菌，小棒状细胞和大棒状细胞具有堆积膜。甲醇脱氢酶的存在和超微结构observatlons lndlcate至少一些syrnblonts methdnotrophic超微结构的e v ~ d e n c e ~ n l r a l l ~ ~拉r d g ~ e s t ~ o n thp b s y n ~ ~ o n t s和稳定c和X值表明,thc海绵obtalns slgnlflcdnt部分减轻~ tlon的共生体Ultrdstructure sponqe胚胎表明d ~ r e c t传输throuqh qc。在孵出的胚胎中，海绵也是一种食肉动物，像其他进化动物一样，它们也会捕食吞咽的猎物。产甲烷POI-~fera。深海。共生关系。Cold-seep社区
{"title":"Symbiosis between methane-oxidizing bacteria and a deep-sea carnivorous cladorhizid sponge","authors":"J. Vacelt, A. Fiala-Médioni, C. Fisher, N. Boury-Esnault","doi":"10.3354/meps145077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps145077","url":null,"abstract":"Dense bush-l~ke clumps of several hundred ~ n d ~ v l d u a l s of a new specles of Cladorhiza (Demosponglae, Poeciloscler~da) were observed near methane sources in mud volcanoes 4718 to 4943 m dcep In the Barbddos Trench The sponge tissue contalns 2 maln mo~pho log~ca l types of extracellular symbiotic bacteria small rod-shaped cells and larger cocco~d cells with stacked membranes Stdble carbon ~so tope values, the presence of methanol dehydrogenase and ultrastructural observatlons all lndlcate that at least some of the syrnblonts are methdnotrophic Ultrastructural e v ~ d e n c e of ~n l r ace l l~~ la r d ~ g e s t ~ o n of thp s y n ~ b ~ o n t s and the stable C and X values suggest that thc sponge obtalns a slgnlflcdnt portion of its nutr~tlon from the symbionts Ultrdstructure of the sponqe embryo suggests d ~ r e c t ransmission throuqh qc.neratlons In brooded embryos The sponge also ma~ntrilns a carnivorous feed~ng hdblt on tin swlmmlng prey, as do other cladorhlzlds K E Y L/ORDS. Methanotrophy POI-~fera . Deep-sea . Symbiosis . Cold-seep communities","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"126 1","pages":"618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87695080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-07-01DOI: 10.1080/01431169608948760
J. Sobrino, Li Z.-L., M. Stoll, F. Becker
Abstract A study has been carried out using LOWTRAN-7 simulations of the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) data at 11 and 12 μm wavelengths to compare the merits of the multi-angle technique with those of the currently used multi-channel technique (split-window method) to retrieve both sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface temperature (LST). To this end a simple single-channel double-angle viewing model is presented, which relates actual surface temperature to the two brightness temperatures measured from space in the two views of interest (ATSR nadir and forward). Subsequently, statistical retrieval coefficients for the double angle and split-window techniques are derived via a regression analysis of the synthetic measurements. The results show that the double angle technique is capable of producing SSTs with a standard deviation of 0.23 deg K if the satellite data are error free and, furthermore, confirm the advantage of the double-viewing angle technique in comparison with the split-windo...
{"title":"Multi-channel and multi-angle algorithms for estimating sea and land surface temperature with ATSR data","authors":"J. Sobrino, Li Z.-L., M. Stoll, F. Becker","doi":"10.1080/01431169608948760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study has been carried out using LOWTRAN-7 simulations of the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) data at 11 and 12 μm wavelengths to compare the merits of the multi-angle technique with those of the currently used multi-channel technique (split-window method) to retrieve both sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface temperature (LST). To this end a simple single-channel double-angle viewing model is presented, which relates actual surface temperature to the two brightness temperatures measured from space in the two views of interest (ATSR nadir and forward). Subsequently, statistical retrieval coefficients for the double angle and split-window techniques are derived via a regression analysis of the synthetic measurements. The results show that the double angle technique is capable of producing SSTs with a standard deviation of 0.23 deg K if the satellite data are error free and, furthermore, confirm the advantage of the double-viewing angle technique in comparison with the split-windo...","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"147 1","pages":"162-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76697512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08920759609362285
J. Alder
This article presents an analysis of a survey of the current state of marine protected area (MPA) management and describes possible factors associated with their perceived success throughout the tropics. Considerable progress has been made in the establishment of MPAs in both developing and developed nations, but the formulation and implementation of management plans has lagged behind. Funding, expertise, and lack of information have constrained planning and management of MPAs in several tropical nations. Despite the promotion of ecologically sustainable development and the involvement of local communities or stakeholders within protected areas, few countries incorporate these principles in the management of MPAs. Tropical MPAs are considered to be of limited success by area managers. Several interrelated factors, such as strategic planning and reliance on coastal resources and zoning schemes, may influence the success of these areas.
{"title":"Have tropical marine protected areas worked? An initial analysis of their success","authors":"J. Alder","doi":"10.1080/08920759609362285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920759609362285","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analysis of a survey of the current state of marine protected area (MPA) management and describes possible factors associated with their perceived success throughout the tropics. Considerable progress has been made in the establishment of MPAs in both developing and developed nations, but the formulation and implementation of management plans has lagged behind. Funding, expertise, and lack of information have constrained planning and management of MPAs in several tropical nations. Despite the promotion of ecologically sustainable development and the involvement of local communities or stakeholders within protected areas, few countries incorporate these principles in the management of MPAs. Tropical MPAs are considered to be of limited success by area managers. Several interrelated factors, such as strategic planning and reliance on coastal resources and zoning schemes, may influence the success of these areas.","PeriodicalId":100362,"journal":{"name":"Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review","volume":"70 1","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82926551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：