Digital Geography and Society最新文献_第6页

Counter-mapping platformization. Rethinking the spatial differentiation of platform control, labor relations and restaurant virtualization in proprietary markets for food-delivery Counter-mapping platformization。重新思考外卖自营市场中平台控制、劳资关系和餐厅虚拟化的空间差异

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100107

Yannick Ecker, Maximilian Lukowsky, Marius Wecker

Living off financialization and crises of social reproduction, digital platforms play an increasing role as mediators of urban everyday life, productions of space and labor. Hence, subverting hegemonic narratives of pervasive platformization and bringing relationalities behind such care-less digital infrastructures back into focus has become a central challenge for critical analyses. In our contribution, we focus on proprietary markets for food delivery and develop a counter-strategy less explored in recent work on these forms of platform urbanism. By gathering and repurposing publicly-available platform data through counter-cartographies, we explore the spatial differentiation of platformized delivery logistics, labor relations and restaurant virtualization. We ground the need for such an approach in a theoretical discussion of recent work on platform urbanism and contrast it with narrower political economy perspectives that conceptualize platforms as proprietary markets. By using web-scraped data and public listings for the food aggregator platform Lieferando for Hamburg and Halle (Germany), we focus on restaurants as participating nodes in the digital platform's marketplace. Instead of offering a single alternative counter-narrative and counter-strategy, the contribution proposes to develop a dual perspective on the subsumption of labor relations under platformization and to complement academic interest in labor protests with a deeper concern for the food-delivery market as a site of conflict, accumulation and anti-competitive market practices.

依靠金融化和社会再生产危机，数字平台作为城市日常生活、空间生产和劳动生产的中介，发挥着越来越大的作用。因此，颠覆无处不在的平台化的霸权叙事，并将这些漫不经心的数字基础设施背后的关系重新置于焦点之中，已成为批判性分析的核心挑战。在我们的贡献中，我们专注于食品配送的专有市场，并制定了一个在这些形式的平台城市化的近期工作中较少探索的反策略。通过反制图收集和重新利用公共平台数据，我们探索了平台化配送物流、劳资关系和餐厅虚拟化的空间分异。我们在最近关于平台城市化的理论讨论中提出了这种方法的必要性，并将其与将平台概念化为专有市场的狭隘政治经济学观点进行了对比。通过使用食品聚合平台Lieferando for Hamburg and Halle（德国）的网络抓取数据和公开列表，我们将重点放在作为数字平台市场参与节点的餐厅上。本文没有提供单一的反叙事和反策略，而是提出了一种关于平台化下劳动关系包容的双重视角，并以对外卖市场作为冲突、积累和反竞争市场实践的更深层次关注来补充对劳工抗议的学术兴趣。

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引用次数: 0

Housing disruptions: Six conceptual entry points for analysing the digital transformation of housing and home 住房中断：分析住房和家庭数字化转型的六个概念切入点

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100109

Tim White , Dallas Rogers , Sophia Maalsen

引用次数: 0

The urban-tech feedback loop: A surveillance and development data-walk in South Lake Union 城市-技术反馈回路：南湖联盟的监控与发展数据漫步

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100106

Dillon Mahmoudi , Anthony Levenda , Alicia Sabatino

In this research article, we employed an autoethnographic data-walk methodology to explore the complex relationship between urban spaces and digital data collection, using the South Lake Union neighborhood as a case study. We examined how major technology companies like Amazon, Microsoft, and various property developers leverage the dual forces of urbanization and data gathering to shape urban environments in ways that serve their interests. Our key contribution lies in uncovering the power dynamics at play, where tech companies exert significant influence over urban planning and governance, reshaping cities into spaces designed for surveillance and commodification. In areas like South Lake Union, the redevelopment into numerous small storefronts enables the granular tracking of consumer behavior, turning everyday activities into data that fuels targeted advertising and capital accumulation. We identify two central insights. First, data-walks offer a way to “story” the influence of tech corporations on urban spaces from the perspective of everyday experiences. While digital data collection is integral to capital accumulation, the process is uneven and must be viewed from various angles—including from the perspective of everyday life—to fully understand the emerging inequalities. Second, we argue that the transformation of urban environments under tech capitalism exacerbates existing social and spatial inequalities while generating new ones. The commodified surveillance of daily activities and consumption not only drives data accumulation but also reshapes the physical and social fabric of the city. This work serves as an initial step in challenging these unequal processes of surveillance-driven urban development.

在这篇研究文章中，我们以南湖联合社区为案例，采用自述式数据漫步方法，探讨了城市空间与数字数据收集之间的复杂关系。我们研究了亚马逊、微软等大型科技公司和各种房地产开发商如何利用城市化和数据收集的双重力量，以符合其利益的方式塑造城市环境。我们的主要贡献在于揭示了其中的权力动态，即科技公司对城市规划和治理施加重大影响，将城市重塑为专为监控和商品化而设计的空间。在南湖联盟（South Lake Union）等地区，重建为众多小型店面后，可以对消费者行为进行细化跟踪，将日常活动转化为数据，为定向广告和资本积累提供动力。我们提出了两个核心观点。首先，数据漫步提供了一种从日常体验的角度 "讲述 "科技公司对城市空间影响的方式。虽然数字数据收集与资本积累密不可分，但这一过程是不均衡的，必须从不同角度--包括从日常生活的角度--来看待，才能充分理解新出现的不平等现象。其次，我们认为科技资本主义对城市环境的改造加剧了现有的社会和空间不平等，同时也产生了新的不平等。对日常活动和消费的商品化监控不仅推动了数据积累，还重塑了城市的物理和社会结构。这项工作是挑战这些由监控驱动的城市发展不平等进程的第一步。

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引用次数: 0

AI and data-driven urbanism: The Singapore experience 人工智能和数据驱动的城市化：新加坡的经验

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100104

Diganta Das , Berwyn Kwek

This paper presents a deep and critical analysis of Singapore's new wave of state-built digital tools and services and how it connects to its larger smart urbanism project, also known as Smart Nation. The COVID-19 pandemic, and particularly Singapore's response, served as a real-world testing ground for smart urbanist strategies. In particular, we analysed the logic that emanates from these novel digital interventions, how they operate on the complex urban built environment and the population, and their effects on urban and citizenry morphologies. Next, we examined a series of state-led technological implementations that have emerged since the Covid-19 pandemic, providing digital solutions that assist citizens with the changing rhythms of everyday living, data-capturing sensors and gantries to aid authorities in contract tracing efforts and enforce vaccination differentiation measures, geospatial digital mapping of demographic data, in withal robotics for automated policing and cleaning activities; and the use of AI and automated data-driven tools in public health to improve service delivery and care to patients. While we are unable to exhaust every piece of technology for the purpose of this paper, these developments, along with their design thinking and operations, we argue, are helpful in revealing the contemporary conjectures of Singaporean digital urban idealism and the governing strategies of the state. By examining Singapore's response, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on smart urbanism, offering insights into how cities can leverage technology effectively while balancing technological innovation with privacy and public trust.

本文对新加坡新一轮国家建设的数字工具和服务进行了深入和批判性的分析，并介绍了这些工具和服务如何与其更广泛的智能城市项目（也称为 "智能国家"）相联系。COVID-19 大流行，尤其是新加坡的应对措施，成为了智慧城市战略的真实试验场。特别是，我们分析了这些新型数字干预措施的逻辑，它们如何作用于复杂的城市建筑环境和人口，以及它们对城市和市民形态的影响。接下来，我们研究了自 19 世纪科维德流感大流行以来出现的一系列由国家主导的技术实施方案，这些方案提供了数字解决方案，帮助市民掌握不断变化的日常生活节奏；提供了数据捕捉传感器和龙门架，以协助当局开展合同追踪工作并执行疫苗接种区分措施；提供了人口数据的地理空间数字地图；提供了用于自动警务和清洁活动的机器人技术；在公共卫生领域使用了人工智能和自动数据驱动工具，以改善为患者提供的服务和护理。虽然我们无法在本文中详尽介绍每一项技术，但我们认为，这些发展及其设计思维和运作有助于揭示新加坡数字城市理想主义的当代猜想和国家的治理策略。通过研究新加坡的应对措施，本研究旨在为正在进行的有关智能城市主义的讨论做出贡献，为城市如何有效利用技术，同时在技术创新与隐私和公众信任之间取得平衡提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

From tenants to subscribers: Digital experiments in residential rent extraction 从租户到订户：住宅租金提取的数字实验

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100105

Tim White

Rent relations from landed property are increasingly being leveraged for experimentation with new forms of value capture via digital technologies. Inspired by platform corporations, real estate actors are constantly trialling innovations for deepening and extending residential rent extraction. This paper sheds light on these mounting experiments using the case of co-living, a real estate sector with a strong elective affinity to corporate capitalist technology. First, it documents attempts to optimise the rent-generating potential of real estate assets themselves via spatial surveillance and dynamic pricing. Second, it highlights efforts to establish forms of techno-economic enclosure beyond the limits of buildings via housing memberships and subscriptions. In so doing, the paper contributes to an emerging body of literature on the intersection between digital and residential rentierism.

人们越来越多地利用土地财产的租金关系，通过数字技术尝试新的价值获取形式。受平台公司的启发，房地产参与者不断尝试创新，以深化和扩展住宅租金的提取。共同生活是一个与企业资本主义技术有着强烈选择性亲和力的房地产行业，本文以共同生活为例，揭示了这些不断增加的实验。首先，本文记录了通过空间监控和动态定价来优化房地产资产本身创租潜力的尝试。其次，它强调了通过住房会员制和订阅制建立超越建筑物限制的技术经济封闭形式的努力。在此过程中，本文为有关数字与住宅租赁主义交叉的新兴文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

Working in the comfort zone: Understanding coworking spaces as post-digital, post-work and post-tourist territory 在舒适区工作：了解作为后数字时代、后工作时代和后旅游时代领地的协同工作空间

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100103

Karin Fast, André Jansson

Coworking spaces are contradictory places. Typically, they are constructed as connected, domestic-like places for hard work and as recreational, aestheticized destinations for individuals in search of work-life balance and opportunities for partial disconnection. This article contributes an immanent critique of coworking spaces through the overarching notion of “coworking space territoriality”. Our point of departure is the concept of post-digital territoriality, which captures how individuals and organizations in various ways try to counter the downsides of escalating digitalization and reclaim a sense of bounded place. To further elaborate the subversive potentials of coworking spaces, however, the “post-digital” is brought into dialogue with “post-work” and “post-tourist”; two other “post-” concepts that contain ideas and practices that characterize the contradictory nature of coworking spaces. At the intersection of all three facets of territoriality, we argue, the coworking space emerges as a spatially and socially bounded comfort zone. The suggested approach informs the ongoing conversation about the ambiguous role of coworking spaces in broader transformations of society, especially in terms of social inclusion and exclusion. The theoretical arguments are anchored in a substantial literature review as well as in first-hand empirical data from a “hot-desking ethnography” covering ten different coworking spaces in Oslo, Denver, and Palma de Mallorca.

协同工作空间是一个矛盾的地方。通常情况下，协同工作空间被构建成连接的、类似家庭的、适合辛勤工作的场所，同时也是休闲的、审美化的目的地，适合寻求工作与生活平衡和部分断开连接机会的个人。本文通过 "协同办公空间地域性 "这一总体概念，对协同办公空间进行了内在批判。我们的出发点是 "后数字化地域性 "这一概念，它捕捉到了个人和组织如何以各种方式试图对抗不断升级的数字化所带来的弊端，并重新找回一种有边界的地方感。然而，为了进一步阐述协同工作空间的颠覆性潜力，"后数字 "与 "后工作 "和 "后游客 "进行了对话；这两个 "后 "概念包含了协同工作空间矛盾性质的思想和实践。我们认为，在地域性的所有三个方面的交叉点上，协同工作空间作为一个空间和社会边界的舒适区出现了。所建议的方法为正在进行的关于协同工作空间在更广泛的社会变革（尤其是社会包容和排斥方面）中的模糊角色的对话提供了信息。理论论点以大量文献综述以及 "热办公人种学 "的第一手经验数据为基础，涵盖奥斯陆、丹佛和马略卡岛帕尔马的十个不同的协同工作空间。

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引用次数: 0

The digital geographies of tact 战术的数字地理

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100102

Mike Duggan

This article outlines a research agenda for the spatialities of tact produced by, through and of digital spaces. As a discipline interested in what and who characterises digital space, and in how different relations come to produce space, the article puts forward a proposition for geographers to take tact seriously as an inherently spatial concept useful for theorising the production of space in our digital society. The paper identifies three strands of tact from the literature, 1) tact and social behaviour, 2) tact and touch, 3) tact and judgement, and outlines what they can offer geography in terms of a novel framework for studying digital society. It raises questions of how and why digital spaces and practices produce new trajectories for displays of tact in everyday life, how digital spaces modulate our understanding and experiences of touch, as well as asking whether algorithmic decision making technologies such as Artificial Intelligence have a capacity for tact, and what that means for the geographies these systems shape. The work makes a contribution to the discipline's long standing interests in spatial tactics and socio-spatial behaviour, in touch and sensory geographies, and more recently to algorithmic decision making.

本文概述了由数字空间、通过数字空间以及数字空间所产生的触觉空间性的研究议程。作为一门对数字空间的特征以及不同关系如何产生空间感兴趣的学科，文章提出了一个建议，即地理学家应将 "触觉 "作为一个固有的空间概念来认真对待，因为它有助于对数字社会中的空间生产进行理论分析。文章从文献中找出了关于 "触觉 "的三个方面：1）"触觉 "与社会行为；2）"触觉 "与触摸；3）"触觉 "与判断，并概述了它们能为地理学提供什么研究数字社会的新框架。它提出的问题包括：数字空间和实践如何以及为何在日常生活中产生新的触觉展示轨迹，数字空间如何调节我们对触觉的理解和体验，以及人工智能等算法决策技术是否具有触觉能力，这对这些系统塑造的地理学意味着什么。这项工作对该学科长期关注的空间战术和社会空间行为、触觉和感官地理学，以及最近关注的算法决策做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

From FOSS to profit: Digital spatial technologies and the mode of production 从自由和开放源码软件到利润：数字空间技术与生产模式

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100101

Dillon Mahmoudi , Jim Thatcher , Laura Beltz Imaoka , David O'Sullivan

Existing literature has scrutinized the impact of geospatial technologies from various angles. This article adopts a heterodox vantage point—the mode of production—to illuminate the intricate power dynamics woven into the fabric of these technologies. By focusing on the mode of production, we meticulously demonstrate how ostensibly novel digital technologies and geospatial data formats wield power within social relations of production. Responding to calls to scrutinize the political economy of spatial technologies and map-making tools, we aim to unravel the underpinning social relations, software development techniques, and technologies that shape file formats like GeoJSON and Esri Shapefile. By tracing the historical evolution of these formats, the article reveals how digital labor, both voluntary and expropriated, shapes the landscapes of profit-driven technology firms. The rise of open standards is not a departure from for-profit motives but rather a manifestation of the confluence of free, open, and for-profit. Ultimately, we argue that the intricate connections between digital technologies, geography, and capitalist structures enroll seemingly independent FOSS products into broader systems of capital accumulation. These findings highlight the far-reaching impact of geospatial technologies and their role in perpetuating and reshaping capitalist dynamics.

现有文献从不同角度审视了地理空间技术的影响。本文采用了一个异端的视角--生产模式--来揭示交织在这些技术结构中错综复杂的权力动态。通过关注生产模式，我们细致地展示了表面上新颖的数字技术和地理空间数据格式是如何在社会生产关系中行使权力的。为了响应对空间技术和地图制作工具的政治经济学进行仔细研究的呼吁，我们旨在揭示形成 GeoJSON 和 Esri Shapefile 等文件格式的基本社会关系、软件开发技术和科技。通过追溯这些格式的历史演变，文章揭示了自愿和被征用的数字劳动如何塑造了以利润为导向的技术公司的面貌。开放标准的兴起并非脱离了营利动机，而是自由、开放和营利三者交汇的体现。最终，我们认为，数字技术、地理和资本主义结构之间错综复杂的联系将看似独立的自由和开放源码软件产品纳入了更广泛的资本积累体系。这些发现凸显了地理空间技术的深远影响及其在延续和重塑资本主义动态中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Socio-spatial dynamics of E-participation: A case study of the Mudamos app in João Pessoa (2017–2020) 电子参与的社会空间动态：若昂佩索阿 Mudamos 应用程序案例研究（2017-2020 年）

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100100

Ricardo Condeixa , Alexandre Barbosa

Emerging civic technologies can support civil society and the state toward participatory democracy. They offer citizens alternative tools for online participation or e-participation. In this study, we explore the socio-spatial dynamics of an e-participation activity in a city's policy-making process through the artifice of the network analyses. We build upon the idea of a network conceived as an object of human action, considering its social, technical, and spatial elements. We propose a conceptual framework to translate the geographic network of an e-participation activity in the city's policy-making process constituted by six dimensions: vocation, technology, institutional design, spatiality, participation, and the deliberative system. The case study applies the framework to the Mudamos application in the city of João Pessoa, in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. This e-participation tool facilitates digital signatures for Citizen Initiative Draft Bills (CIDB). Despite initial technical, institutional, and financial support, the app did not deliver its potential value. The reasons for low adoption are the lack of economic resources, low levels of civic skills, discontinuation of citizen recruitment, and discontinuation of the partnership between the control agents. Furthermore, socio-spatial inequality was critical in users' access and participation. Our findings suggest that the development of state capacities and participatory literacy are crucial to the success of e-participation initiatives. Consequently, the proposed framework and its application serve as a valuable starting point for researchers and policymakers seeking to understand the socio-spatial relationships involved in this process, offering knowledge to address digital inequalities and increase the effectiveness of e-participation initiatives.

新兴公民技术可以支持公民社会和国家实现参与式民主。它们为公民提供了在线参与或电子参与的替代工具。在本研究中，我们通过网络分析的假定，探索了一个城市决策过程中电子参与活动的社会空间动态。我们将网络视为人类行动的对象，并在此基础上考虑其社会、技术和空间要素。我们提出了一个概念性框架，用于转化城市决策过程中电子参与活动的地理网络，该框架由六个维度构成：使命、技术、制度设计、空间性、参与和审议系统。案例研究将该框架应用于巴西帕拉伊巴州若昂佩索阿市的 Mudamos 应用程序。这一电子参与工具为公民倡议法案草案（CIDB）的数字签名提供了便利。尽管最初得到了技术、机构和资金方面的支持，但该应用程序并未实现其潜在价值。采用率低的原因是缺乏经济资源、公民技能水平低、公民招募中断以及控制代理之间的合作关系中断。此外，社会空间的不平等也是影响用户获取和参与的关键因素。我们的研究结果表明，国家能力和参与素养的发展对电子参与行动的成功至关重要。因此，所提出的框架及其应用为研究人员和政策制定者了解这一过程中的社会空间关系提供了一个宝贵的起点，为解决数字不平等问题和提高电子参与倡议的有效性提供了知识。

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引用次数: 0

Platforms mediating domestic care work as service gigs in European cities: Reorganisation of social reproduction through marketisation 欧洲城市中作为服务性工作的家政护理工作中介平台：通过市场化重组社会再生产

Digital Geography and Society

Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.diggeo.2024.100099

Anke Strüver

In European cities, lean labour platforms increasingly mediate domestic service gigs related to social reproduction, such as food delivery and cleaning tasks on-demand. This fast-growing type of platform depends on spatial proximity and the population density of cities, economic relations enabled by digital technologies and embodied gendered and racialised norms. At the same time, platforms are linked to the crisis of social reproduction and to a constant supply of people in precarious positions looking for income. The paper tackles the question how platform-mediated service gigs related to grocery shopping, cooking and cleaning change caring relationships. This comprises considerations of the dimensions of marketisation and the transformation of reproductive work symbolically, materially, and socially and is presented with a feminist perspective pointing to social reproduction as an essential but devalued part of everyday life. These endeavours are explored with findings from various case studies dealing with food delivery and cleaning platforms in Austria and Germany and are discussed with reference to relational care ethics. Put forward here is a reflection on the ways in which digital mediation of domestic care work relies on gendered and racialised norms – and how this dependence intensifies structural inequalities inherent to social reproduction.

在欧洲城市，精益劳动平台越来越多地为与社会再生产相关的家政服务提供中介服务，如按需送餐和清洁工作。这种快速增长的平台依赖于城市的空间距离和人口密度、数字技术促成的经济关系以及体现性别和种族的规范。同时，平台也与社会再生产危机以及不断有处于不稳定地位的人寻找收入有关。本文探讨了以平台为媒介的杂货购物、烹饪和清洁服务如何改变护理关系的问题。这包括对市场化和生育工作在象征意义、物质意义和社会意义上的转变等方面的考虑，并从女权主义的角度指出社会再生产是日常生活中不可或缺但却被贬低的一部分。通过对奥地利和德国食品配送和清洁平台的各种案例研究结果，对这些努力进行了探讨，并参照关系护理伦理进行了讨论。这里提出的是对家政护理工作的数字中介依赖于性别和种族规范的反思，以及这种依赖如何加剧了社会再生产中固有的结构性不平等。

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引用次数: 0