Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)最新文献

英文中文

Neuro‐hardware for peak power reduction of oversampled OFDM signal 过采样OFDM信号峰值功率降低的神经硬件

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20285

A. Mori, M. Ohta, K. Yamashita

OFDM communication system has recently been attracting attention because of its features of high spectrum efficiency and robustness in a multipath environment. The OFDM signal often exhibits a high peak power. It is important to reduce the peak power, since communication quality is degraded and unnecessary outband power radiation is produced when such a signal is amplified by a nonlinear amplifier. This paper considers the peak power suppression problem in an oversampled OFDM signal and presents a solution using a mutually coupled neural network. The peak power suppression performance of the proposed method and the accompanying reduction of the outband radiation power and the bit error rate are evaluated by numerical experiments. Neuro-hardware which can handle the peak power suppression process in real time is experimentally constructed, and its performance is evaluated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(8): 54– 62, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20285

OFDM通信系统以其高频谱效率和多径环境下的鲁棒性等特点近年来备受关注。OFDM信号通常具有较高的峰值功率。减小峰值功率是很重要的，因为当这样的信号被非线性放大器放大时，通信质量会下降，并且会产生不必要的带外功率辐射。研究了过采样OFDM信号中的峰值功率抑制问题，提出了一种基于互耦神经网络的解决方案。通过数值实验评价了该方法的峰值功率抑制性能，并对带外辐射功率和误码率的降低进行了评价。实验构建了能够实时处理峰值功率抑制过程的神经硬件，并对其性能进行了评价。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (8):559 - 561;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20285

引用次数: 3

Secret information distribution 秘密信息分发

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20308

M. Okamoto, Y. Tanaka

The distribution of secret information so that no one knows which information is being passed to whom, such as in a poker game or the like, is an important issue for security. Secret information distribution is expected to have applications in key distribution, electronic voting, and so on. A secret information distribution method must maintain the secrecy and untraceability of the distributed content, without requiring any effort on the part of the recipient. In this paper, the authors propose a distribution method, using third-party organizations, in which the recipient can easily receive the distribution without having to engage in any of the distribution work itself; the distribution work can be divided among any number of third-party organizations in order to diffuse the danger, and thus untraceability and secrecy are maintained so long as there is no collusion or fraud among all the organizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(8): 9– 17, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20308

秘密信息的分发(例如在扑克游戏或类似的游戏中)是一个重要的安全问题，因此没有人知道哪些信息被传递给了谁。秘密信息分发有望在密钥分发、电子投票等方面得到应用。秘密信息分发方法必须保持所分发内容的保密性和不可追溯性，而不需要接收者付出任何努力。在本文中，作者提出了一种使用第三方组织的分发方法，在这种方法中，接收者可以轻松地接收分发，而无需自己从事任何分发工作;分发工作可以在任何数量的第三方组织之间进行分配，以分散危险，因此只要所有组织之间不存在勾结或欺诈，就可以保持不可追溯性和保密性。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (8):917 - 917;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20308

引用次数: 2

Characterization of sonochemical reactors by chemical dosimetry 用化学剂量法表征声化学反应器

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20315

Y. Asakura, M. Maebayashi, T. Matsuoka, S. Koda

Irradiation of ultrasonic waves induces cavitation in a solution, and a chemical action instigated by radicals occurs. This chemical action is reported to be most efficient in the region of several hundred kilohertz frequencies. Application of sonochemistry based on ultrasonic chemical action remains at the laboratory scale and has not yet reached the industrial practical scale. In order to realize practical applications of sonochemistry, there is a need to scale-up the sonochemical reactors. For this purpose, we used a 490-kHz cylindrical sonochemical reactor that is long in the irradiation direction, and used potassium iodide (KI) dosimetry, sonochemical luminescence, and calorimetry to evaluate the sonochemical reaction efficiency and reaction field of the reactor. We performed the evaluation with the ultrasonic irradiation direction in the horizontal and vertical directions. As a result, we observed sonochemical luminescence and a rise in temperature near the reflection surface, for both the horizontal and vertical irradiation. For the horizontal irradiation, the I3− concentration was evenly distributed in the irradiation direction. Moreover, we found that the sonochemical reaction efficiency was the same for both the horizontal irradiation and the vertical irradiation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(8): 1– 8, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20315

超声波的照射在溶液中引起空化，并发生由自由基引起的化学作用。据报道，这种化学作用在几百千赫兹的频率范围内最为有效。基于超声化学作用的声化学应用还停留在实验室规模，尚未达到工业实际规模。为了实现声化学的实际应用，需要对声化学反应器进行放大。为此，我们采用490-kHz长辐照方向的圆柱形声化学反应器，采用碘化钾(KI)剂量法、声化学发光法和量热法对反应器的声化学反应效率和反应场进行了评价。我们分别在水平和垂直两个方向对超声照射方向进行了评价。结果表明，在水平和垂直辐照下，在反射面附近我们观察到声化学发光和温度升高。水平辐照时，I3−浓度在辐照方向上分布均匀。此外，我们发现水平辐照和垂直辐照的声化学反应效率是相同的。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,35 (1):1 - 8;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20315

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引用次数: 17

Utilizing nonlinear behavior of microbubbles in medical ultrasound 微泡非线性特性在医学超声中的应用

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20259

S. Umemura, K. Kawabata, K. Sasaki

Microbubbles exposed to ultrasound exhibit extremely nonlinear conspicuous behaviors. Medical imaging makes wide use of the pulse inversion method, in which only this nonlinear component is extracted by adding the received signals obtained by sending the phase inverted ultrasonic pulses twice. Further, there have been research efforts to use this nonlinear behavior for sonochemical healing of tumors by the efficient generation of acoustic cavitation by illumination with the second harmonic superimposed on the fundamental wave. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(8): 63–69, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20259

暴露在超声下的微泡表现出极其非线性的显著行为。医学成像广泛使用脉冲反转方法，将两次发送相位反转超声脉冲获得的接收信号相加，只提取非线性分量。此外，已经有研究努力利用这种非线性行为，通过二次谐波叠加在基波上的照明有效地产生声空化，用于肿瘤的声化学愈合。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (8):693 - 693;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20259

引用次数: 4

A method of detection of signals corrupted by nonstationary random noise via stationarization of the data 一种通过对数据进行平稳化来检测被非平稳随机噪声破坏的信号的方法

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20302

H. Ijima, A. Ohsumi, R. Okui

This paper proposes a method for detecting a signal embedded in nonstationary noise. In most past studies of the signal detection problem, random noise is considered as a stationary stochastic process, since it is mathematically easy to handle. However, the noise observed in practice contains many nonstationary elements with time-varying (evolutionary) statistical properties. In this study, observational noise is modeled as a probability density function with slowly evolving parameters. Then, based on the evolving spectral representation, the nonstationary observation data are transformed to a stationary process. A new method is proposed as follows. It is assumed that nonstationarity remains in the stationarized observation data in the interval containing the signal, due to the effect of the signal. Then the signal is detected by testing for stationarity. In the proposed method, Priestley's evolutionary spectrum is used in the spectral representation of the nonstationary stochastic process, and the method of Okabe and colleagues based on the KM2O-Langevin equation is used for the stationarity test. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a simulation experiment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(8): 29–38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20302

提出了一种检测嵌入在非平稳噪声中的信号的方法。在过去的大多数信号检测问题的研究中，随机噪声被认为是一个平稳的随机过程，因为它在数学上易于处理。然而，实际观测到的噪声包含许多具有时变(进化)统计特性的非平稳元素。在本研究中，观测噪声被建模为具有缓慢演化参数的概率密度函数。然后，基于演化谱表示，将非平稳观测数据转化为平稳过程。提出了一种新的方法。假设在包含信号的区间内，由于信号的影响，平稳化后的观测数据仍然存在非平稳性。然后通过平稳性测试检测信号。该方法采用Priestley进化谱对非平稳随机过程进行谱表示，采用Okabe等基于km20 - langevin方程的方法进行平稳性检验。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (8):393 - 398;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20302

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引用次数: 3

Performance analysis of UWB impulse radar receiver using parallel IPCP 基于并行IPCP的超宽带脉冲雷达接收机性能分析

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20303

Hiroyuki Hatano, T. Yamazato, Hiraku Okada, M. Katayama

This paper considers a vehicle-borne target detection system for short range in which an UWB (Ultra Wideband) impulse radar is used. The UWB impulse radar uses a pulse with widths of less than nanosecond order. Therefore, many multipath returns are observed on the receiving side. An IPCP (Inter-Period Correction Processing) receiver that resolves complexity of the receiver caused by multiple paths has been proposed. However, the integration time of the correlator in the IPCP receiver is limited by the period of the transmission signal (code length) and affects the range measurement accuracy. This paper considers vehicle mounting for applications. In order to assure safety, a receiver is constructed with several IPCP receivers in parallel, so that the range measurement accuracy is improved. In addition, a receiver which reduces the complexity of threshold setting in the conventional IPCP receiver when several targets are detected is proposed. The outputs of these receivers are derived analytically and improvement of the range measurement accuracy is confirmed. Further, based on the analytical results, the output of each receiver is characterized and the relationship of the threshold, detection probability, and false error probability is derived. Finally, the characteristics of use of the receiver as a vehicle-mounted radar are evaluated by simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(7): 1–14, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20303

本文研究了一种采用超宽带脉冲雷达的车载近距离目标探测系统。超宽带脉冲雷达使用的脉冲宽度小于纳秒级。因此，在接收端观察到许多多路径返回。提出了一种IPCP (Inter-Period Correction Processing，周期间校正处理)接收机，解决了多路径导致的接收机复杂性问题。然而，IPCP接收机中相关器的积分时间受发射信号周期(码长)的限制，影响距离测量精度。本文考虑了汽车安装的应用。为了保证安全，将多个IPCP接收机并联构成一个接收机，提高了测距精度。此外，还提出了一种降低传统IPCP接收机在检测多个目标时阈值设置复杂度的接收机。对这些接收机的输出进行了分析推导，证实了测距精度的提高。进一步，根据分析结果，对每个接收机的输出进行表征，并推导出阈值、检测概率和误报概率之间的关系。最后，通过仿真对接收机作为车载雷达的使用特性进行了评价。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (7):1104 - 1104;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20303

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引用次数: 4

FFT‐based fast conjugate gradient method for real‐time dereverberation system 基于FFT的快速共轭梯度实时去噪方法

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20292

K. Furuya, A. Kataoka

When speech at a location away from a microphone is received, the received speech is degraded by reverberation in a room. To deal with this problem, a semiblind dereverberation method has been proposed in which no prior measurement of the room impulse response is used. However, the fast computation was required because an enormous amount of computation is needed for inverse filter calculation. In this paper, an acceleration method for the inverse filter calculation in the semiblind dereverberation method is proposed. For speed enhancement, the similarity of the correlation matrix to the convolution matrix is considered. By using fast convolution by the FFT in the conjugate gradient method, a dramatic increase in computation speed is achieved. A real-time dereverberation system was constructed on a personal computer by installing the proposed method and was tested in an actual environment. It was confirmed that the proposed method can achieve high-speed operation without degradation of dereverberation performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(7): 25–36, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20292

当在远离麦克风的地方接收到语音时，接收到的语音会因房间内的混响而降低。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种不预先测量房间脉冲响应的半盲去噪方法。然而，由于反滤波计算需要大量的计算量，因此对快速计算提出了要求。本文提出了一种半盲消噪法中反滤波计算的加速方法。为了提高速度，考虑了相关矩阵与卷积矩阵的相似度。通过在共轭梯度法中使用快速卷积的FFT，实现了计算速度的显著提高。采用该方法在微机上搭建了实时消噪系统，并在实际环境中进行了测试。实验结果表明，该方法可以在不影响脱噪性能的前提下实现高速运行。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (7):559 - 559;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20292

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引用次数: 2

Noise removal for degraded images by IBS shrink method in multiwavelet domain 多小波域IBS收缩法对退化图像的去噪

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20295

Jianming Lu, Ling Wang, Yeqiu Li, T. Yahagi

The wavelet transform has been used for image compression, image restoration, signal processing, and pattern recognition. In most cases, processing is performed with a scalar wavelet using one scaling function. However, the scalar wavelet has the deficiency that the properties of shortness of support, regularity, orthogonality, and high vanishing moment are not shared at the same time. Recently, the multiwavelet, consisting of several scaling functions and several wavelet functions, has been proposed. Since several input data are obtained by preprocessing in the multiwavelet transform, many studies of applications of the multiwavelet in the fields of signal processing and image processing are being carried out. Many engineering achievements have been reported. However, little has been reported on the use of multiwavelets for restoration of degraded images. This is a research field with prospects for future growth. In the present research, a threshold shrinking method is proposed in which different threshold values are used for the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions at each level and also within the same level in the multiwavelet domain for degraded images with superimposed Gaussian noise. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a computer simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(7): 15– 24, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20295

小波变换已被用于图像压缩、图像恢复、信号处理和模式识别。在大多数情况下，处理是用一个标量小波函数执行的。但标量小波的缺点是不能同时具有支撑短、正则性、正交性和高消失矩等特性。近年来，人们提出了由多个尺度函数和多个小波函数组成的多小波。由于在多小波变换中需要对多个输入数据进行预处理，因此人们对多小波变换在信号处理和图像处理领域的应用进行了大量的研究。许多工程成果已被报道。然而，使用多小波恢复退化图像的报道很少。这是一个具有未来发展前景的研究领域。针对高斯噪声叠加的退化图像，提出了一种阈值缩减方法，在多小波域的水平、垂直、对角线的每一层以及同一层使用不同的阈值。通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,35 (7):557 - 557;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20295

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引用次数: 3

A data hiding method for JPEG 2000 coded images using modulo arithmetic 基于模算法的jpeg2000编码图像的数据隐藏方法

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20286

H. Jin, M. Fujiyoshi, Yusuke Seki, H. Kiya

This paper proposes a novel data hiding method for JPEG 2000 coded images that embed multi-level information into quantized discrete wavelet transformed coefficients. Since the proposed method hides information represented as an integer to a transformed coefficient rounded to an integer, a JPEG 2000 code-stream conveying data keeps its standard JPEG 2000 code-stream structure. The proposed method is able to extract hidden data without memorizing embedding positions; it thus chooses transformed coefficients to which data is hidden freely. This characteristic makes the proposed method suitable for hiding data to a JPEG 2000 coded image with consideration of Region of Interest (ROI) coding that is a major feature. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(7): 37– 46, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20286

提出了一种新的JPEG 2000编码图像数据隐藏方法，该方法将多层次信息嵌入到量化离散小波变换系数中。由于所提出的方法将表示为整数的信息隐藏为四舍五入的转换系数，因此传输数据的JPEG 2000码流保持其标准的JPEG 2000码流结构。该方法能够在不记忆嵌入位置的情况下提取隐藏数据;因此，它选择变换系数，其中的数据是自由隐藏的。这一特性使得所提出的方法适合于将数据隐藏到JPEG 2000编码图像中，并考虑到感兴趣区域(ROI)编码是一个主要特征。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (7):393 - 398;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20286

引用次数: 5

Signed Power-of-Two Expression for Multipliers of Lifting Wavelet for Image Compression 图像压缩提升小波乘子的有符号二幂表达式

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)

Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ECJC.20272

Y. Tonomura, M. Iwahashi, T. Tsubone, N. Kambayashi

For image compression, frequency conversions such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the wavelet transform (DWT) have been widely used. The multiplier coefficients used in these conversions are in general defined as real numbers, but they are approximated by a finite word length in the hardware configuration. This causes degradation of the reconstructed images due to mismatch of the coefficient values for the forward and backward transforms. In order to reduce the degradation of the reconstructed images caused by coefficient mismatch, a sufficiently long word length can be provided in setting the finite word length. However, since the compressed image data undergo quantization processing prior to entropy encoding in general, a word length greater than a certain length causes redundancy. Hence, this paper proposes a method in which the coefficient values of each multiplier are provided by the signed power-of-two (SPT) representation, using a sum of powers of 2 with as small a (finite) number of terms as possible, so that the error caused by coefficient mismatch is smaller than the error caused by quantization. In this way, a minimum-size wavelet circuit can be constructed in which the effect of coefficient mismatch between the forward and backward transformations cannot be visually recognized. It was experimentally confirmed by an experiment using the HDL language that the size of the circuit configuration used in the proposed method could be reduced by about 50% in comparison with the circuit in which the sum of the same number of powers of 2 is assigned to each multiplier coefficient. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(7): 47– 57, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20272

在图像压缩方面，离散余弦变换(DCT)和小波变换(DWT)等频率变换已经得到了广泛的应用。在这些转换中使用的乘数系数通常被定义为实数，但它们在硬件配置中由有限的字长近似表示。由于前向和后向变换的系数值不匹配，这将导致重构图像的退化。为了减少由于系数不匹配导致的重构图像的退化，在设置有限字长时可以提供足够长的字长。然而，由于压缩后的图像数据通常在熵编码之前进行量化处理，因此大于一定长度的字长会导致冗余。因此，本文提出了一种方法，该方法采用有符号的2次幂(SPT)表示来表示每个乘法器的系数值，使用2次幂的和，且项数尽可能少(有限)，从而使系数失配引起的误差小于量化引起的误差。这样，就可以构造一个最小尺寸的小波电路，在这个小波电路中，前向变换和后向变换之间的系数不匹配的影响不能被视觉识别。用HDL语言进行的实验证实，与每个乘法器系数赋2的相同次幂和的电路相比，所提出的方法所使用的电路结构的尺寸可减少约50%。©2007 Wiley期刊公司电子工程学报，2009,31 (7):557 - 557;在线发表于Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002 / ecjc.20272

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引用次数: 0

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