EMC - Podologie最新文献

英文中文

Infections du pied dans la période médiévale 中世纪时期的足部感染

EMC - Podologie

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EMCPOL.2005.04.002

T. Anderson

引用次数: 0

Syndrome de l'os trigone 三角骨综合征

EMC - Podologie

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EMCPOL.2005.04.003

M. Davies

引用次数: 1

Chaussures de sécurité, de protection et de travail 安全、保护和工作鞋

EMC - Podologie

Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EMCPOL.2005.01.002

A. Goldcher, D. Acker

引用次数: 5

Insuffisance du premier rayon 第一光线不足

EMC - Podologie

Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcpol.2005.01.001

O. Laffenêtre (Chirurgien des Hôpitaux, chargé d’enseignement à l’université Bordeaux 2), D. Chauveaux (Professeur des Universités, chirurgien des Hôpitaux)

First bone ray insufficiency refers to a pressure defect on the first metatarsal head; it should be considered as a syndrome related to several diagnoses, not only at the level of the first ray but also at the level of the second ray, and even of the intermetatarsal spaces. The most frequent cause is an inadequate length of the first bone ray. Diagnosis is sometimes difficult due to multiple clinical presentations, but standard or electronic podometry can confirm the diagnosis by ascertaining a deleterious load transfer to median rays. Routine X-ray allows visualising the metatarsus and the relationships between the metatarsal bones according to their respective length, which is the pathophysiological basis of this affection. After the diagnosis is established and the static disorder is identified, medical instructions are proposed to the patient, such as shoe optimisation, lifestyle measures, rehabilitation, and above all plantar orthesis fitting. In case of treatment failure or inefficacy despite good compliance, surgery may be considered. Depending on the existence or absence of a first ray shift in the foot axis (metatarsus varus), the surgeon will act only on the metatarsus in order to restore harmonious shape, or on the first ray, or on both.

第一骨射线不足是指第一跖骨头部的压力缺陷；它应该被认为是一种与多种诊断有关的综合征，不仅在第一次射线水平上，而且在第二次射线水平，甚至在跖骨间隙水平上。最常见的原因是第一次骨射线的长度不足。由于多种临床表现，诊断有时很困难，但标准或电子测足术可以通过确定向正中射线的有害负荷转移来确认诊断。常规X光检查可以根据跖骨的长度来观察跖骨和跖骨之间的关系，这是这种影响的病理生理基础。在确定诊断并确定静态障碍后，向患者提出医疗指导，如鞋子优化、生活方式措施、康复，最重要的是足底矫形器的安装。如果治疗失败或无效，尽管依从性良好，可以考虑手术治疗。根据足轴（跖骨内翻）是否存在第一道射线移位，外科医生将仅对跖骨采取行动，以恢复协调的形状，或对第一道射线采取行动，或对两者都采取行动。

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引用次数: 9

Chaussures de sécurité, de protection et de travail 安全、防护和工作鞋

EMC - Podologie

Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcpol.2005.01.002

A. Goldcher , D. Acker

In France, the necessity of protecting the foot during certain industrial activities emerged in the 50's. Since 1989, shoes' modeling is subject to European guidelines transposed into the French law and applied since January 1993. The European standards (EN) are mandatory, sometimes completed by an ISO standard on the initiative of some manufacturers who search for high-quality products. At present, any professional activity to be practiced with specific shoes induces individual protection equipment: safety shoes (EN 345), protection shoes (EN 346) or work shoes (EN 347). All parts of the shoe may be specifically protective: resistant protection tip, anti-cut side protection, resistant or waterproofed ankle, energy-absorbing heel, anti-perforation sole, cold or heat insulating sole, nonskid, non-conductive, antistatic, etc. Each of these protections constitutes a response to a statistically significant risk, related to the place of work or its environment: crushing of a toe or of the metatarsus, perforation of the sole, skid, electrocution, exposure to heat or cold, projection of toxic particles, fall on heels… Their efficacy has been proven but they remain sometimes hardly accepted by the workers. Work feminization has favored the research for lighter and more aesthetic shoes, furthering the fight against hyperhidrosis and its consequences.

在法国，在50年代出现了在某些工业活动中保护脚部的必要性。自1989年以来，鞋子的造型受欧洲准则的约束，该准则被纳入法国法律，并于1993年1月开始实施。欧洲标准（EN）是强制性的，有时由一些寻求高质量产品的制造商主动制定的ISO标准来完成。目前，任何使用特定鞋子进行的专业活动都需要个人防护装备：安全鞋（EN 345）、防护鞋（EN 346）或工作鞋（EN 347）。鞋的所有部分都可能具有特殊的保护性：耐磨保护尖端、防割伤侧面保护、耐磨或防水脚踝、能量吸收鞋跟、防穿孔鞋底、防寒或隔热鞋底、防滑、不导电、防静电等。这些保护措施中的每一项都构成了对统计显著风险的反应，与工作地点或环境有关：脚趾或跖骨挤压、鞋底穿孔、打滑、触电、暴露在高温或低温下、有毒颗粒投射、脚跟着地……它们的功效已被证明，但有时仍难以被工人接受。工作女性化倾向于研究更轻、更美观的鞋子，进一步对抗多汗症及其后果。

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引用次数: 5

Insuffisance du premier rayon 第一半径不足

EMC - Podologie

Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EMCPOL.2005.01.001

O. Laffenêtre, D. Chauveaux

引用次数: 9

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