Samuel Kyei, Regina Adoma Antwi, Madison Adanusa, Michael Agyemang Kwarteng, Randy Asiamah, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah
Background
Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, can significantly impair visual function.
Purpose
This study investigated the association between cataract-related falls among the elderly population in the Central region of Ghana.
Methods
The prospective cohort study among cataract patients aged 65 years and older, using purposive sampling to select facilities and consecutive sampling to recruit participants.
Results
The study achieved a 40% successful follow-up rate at 3 months post-surgery. Among the 500 older adult patients, 131 (26.2%) reported falls before undergoing cataract surgery. Of the 200 patients who had 24.0% falls pre-operatively, the prevalence of falls 3 months after surgical intervention was 16%. Demographics were not significantly associated with the risk of falling before cataract surgery (p > 0.05). However, participants with chronic conditions were 2.18 times more likely to fall than those without chronic conditions. Patients with hypertension (2.23 times) and diabetes (2.49 times) had higher risk of fall compared to those without these conditions. Additionally, patients with retinal conditions (2.86 times), and those with balance problems (1.86 times) were more prone to falling before surgical intervention than their counterparts without.
Conclusion
The study highlights the significant impact of cataract surgery in reducing fall prevalence among older adults.
{"title":"Cataract blindness related falls among older adults: A prospective cohort study in Ghana","authors":"Samuel Kyei, Regina Adoma Antwi, Madison Adanusa, Michael Agyemang Kwarteng, Randy Asiamah, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah","doi":"10.1002/eer3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.23","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, can significantly impair visual function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the association between cataract-related falls among the elderly population in the Central region of Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prospective cohort study among cataract patients aged 65 years and older, using purposive sampling to select facilities and consecutive sampling to recruit participants. </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study achieved a 40% successful follow-up rate at 3 months post-surgery. Among the 500 older adult patients, 131 (26.2%) reported falls before undergoing cataract surgery. Of the 200 patients who had 24.0% falls pre-operatively, the prevalence of falls 3 months after surgical intervention was 16%. Demographics were not significantly associated with the risk of falling before cataract surgery (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, participants with chronic conditions were 2.18 times more likely to fall than those without chronic conditions. Patients with hypertension (2.23 times) and diabetes (2.49 times) had higher risk of fall compared to those without these conditions. Additionally, patients with retinal conditions (2.86 times), and those with balance problems (1.86 times) were more prone to falling before surgical intervention than their counterparts without.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights the significant impact of cataract surgery in reducing fall prevalence among older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anirudh Saraswathula, Emily Y. Huang, Shirley Li, Juan R. Garcia, Nicholas R. Rowan
Background
Understanding the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base, is difficult but essential for otolaryngology trainees, especially for endoscopic techniques. There is no effective teaching tool at the junior resident or medical student level allowing visualization and manipulation of these structures in 3D.
Objective
To create an interactive 3D app modeling the sinus and skull base for use by junior trainees learning surgical anatomy.
Methods
Using Adobe Photoshop, Cinema 4D, and ZBrush, surgeon and medical illustration teams collaborated to develop a tool combining schematic representation of relevant anatomy with radiologic and endoscopic correlates. This was then incorporated into a web application. Twenty-one junior residents and medical students were recruited to use the app, and pre-and post-app self-assessments and experience surveys were conducted to assess didactic efficacy.
Results
We created an online-compatible fully manipulatable schematic 3D representation of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and anterior skull base that is capable of anatomic layering. This schematic is presented alongside representative de-identified radiologic images and surgical principles with corresponding highlighted diagrammatic structures to demonstrate clinically relevant radiologic and endoscopic anatomy. There was a statistically significant improvement in anatomical knowledge in all 13 questions assessing didactic efficacy, with 85.7% of participants providing overall positive feedback.
Conclusions
Acknowledging the didactic utility in an early validation study with junior trainees, this sinus anatomy teaching tool offers a low-cost and highly accessible modality capable of demonstrating complex anatomical relationships to trainees learning sinus and endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.
{"title":"Improving the educational accessibility of sinonasal and skull base anatomy: A novel virtual tool for otolaryngology trainees","authors":"Anirudh Saraswathula, Emily Y. Huang, Shirley Li, Juan R. Garcia, Nicholas R. Rowan","doi":"10.1002/eer3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.22","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base, is difficult but essential for otolaryngology trainees, especially for endoscopic techniques. There is no effective teaching tool at the junior resident or medical student level allowing visualization and manipulation of these structures in 3D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To create an interactive 3D app modeling the sinus and skull base for use by junior trainees learning surgical anatomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using Adobe Photoshop, Cinema 4D, and ZBrush, surgeon and medical illustration teams collaborated to develop a tool combining schematic representation of relevant anatomy with radiologic and endoscopic correlates. This was then incorporated into a web application. Twenty-one junior residents and medical students were recruited to use the app, and pre-and post-app self-assessments and experience surveys were conducted to assess didactic efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created an online-compatible fully manipulatable schematic 3D representation of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and anterior skull base that is capable of anatomic layering. This schematic is presented alongside representative de-identified radiologic images and surgical principles with corresponding highlighted diagrammatic structures to demonstrate clinically relevant radiologic and endoscopic anatomy. There was a statistically significant improvement in anatomical knowledge in all 13 questions assessing didactic efficacy, with 85.7% of participants providing overall positive feedback.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acknowledging the didactic utility in an early validation study with junior trainees, this sinus anatomy teaching tool offers a low-cost and highly accessible modality capable of demonstrating complex anatomical relationships to trainees learning sinus and endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uveitis, characterized by intraocular inflammation, has significant management challenges due to its diverse etiologies and complicated pathophysiology. The current first-line treatments primarily aim to calm inflammation with the underlying causes unaffected, often associated with systemic side effects, limited long-term efficacy, and disease recurrence. Gene therapies, as powerful therapeutic approaches, have been applied to treat various genetic and non-genetic diseases. However, the development of gene therapy for uveitis has been investigated less. This review discusses the possible targets and therapeutic approaches for uveitis gene therapy by analyzing some research examples in exogenous gene expression, RNAi, antisense therapy, and the CRISPR gene editing system. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of listed gene therapies for uveitis and propose future research directions and potential strategies to overcome current challenges.
{"title":"Gene therapy: New and future treatments for uveitis","authors":"Hui Yang, Meng Tian, Shengping Hou","doi":"10.1002/eer3.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uveitis, characterized by intraocular inflammation, has significant management challenges due to its diverse etiologies and complicated pathophysiology. The current first-line treatments primarily aim to calm inflammation with the underlying causes unaffected, often associated with systemic side effects, limited long-term efficacy, and disease recurrence. Gene therapies, as powerful therapeutic approaches, have been applied to treat various genetic and non-genetic diseases. However, the development of gene therapy for uveitis has been investigated less. This review discusses the possible targets and therapeutic approaches for uveitis gene therapy by analyzing some research examples in exogenous gene expression, RNAi, antisense therapy, and the CRISPR gene editing system. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of listed gene therapies for uveitis and propose future research directions and potential strategies to overcome current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheying Song, Yujuan Yang, Zhaoxue Zhai, Yu Zhang, Xicheng Song
Purpose
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a pervasive global health problem, imposing a major economic burden and causing disability worldwide. Tongqiao–Biyan granule (TBG) has gained popularity in China for the treatment of AR. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying TBG's efficacy in treating AR.
Methods
The Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacological database was utilized to identify the main ingredients in TBG and their corresponding target genes. AR-related target genes were identified using the GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and target protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were employed to analyze the molecular mechanisms. The top five hub genes were selected for molecular docking with the top five ranked compounds to confirm their interaction in TBG when used in the treatment of AR.
Results
A total of 7 active ingredients from TBG, 784 predicted targets of TBG, and 945 AR targets were obtained. Analysis via the GO and KEGG databases revealed that TBG can act on AR by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell migration. PPI network analysis and molecular docking results suggested that phellopterin, quercetin, luteolin, denudatin B, and cleomiscosin A in TBG may alleviate the AR symptoms by interacting with key proteins such as TNF, AKT1, STAT3, VEGFA, and EGFR.
Conclusions
TBG modulates numerous targets across diverse signaling pathways in the AR therapy. Our results furnish a theoretical foundation for further exploring TBG's pharmacological mechanism in AR treatment.
{"title":"Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the potential mechanism of Tongqiao–Biyan granule in treatment of allergic rhinitis","authors":"Zheying Song, Yujuan Yang, Zhaoxue Zhai, Yu Zhang, Xicheng Song","doi":"10.1002/eer3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.20","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a pervasive global health problem, imposing a major economic burden and causing disability worldwide. Tongqiao–Biyan granule (TBG) has gained popularity in China for the treatment of AR. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying TBG's efficacy in treating AR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacological database was utilized to identify the main ingredients in TBG and their corresponding target genes. AR-related target genes were identified using the GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and target protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were employed to analyze the molecular mechanisms. The top five hub genes were selected for molecular docking with the top five ranked compounds to confirm their interaction in TBG when used in the treatment of AR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 7 active ingredients from TBG, 784 predicted targets of TBG, and 945 AR targets were obtained. Analysis via the GO and KEGG databases revealed that TBG can act on AR by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell migration. PPI network analysis and molecular docking results suggested that phellopterin, quercetin, luteolin, denudatin B, and cleomiscosin A in TBG may alleviate the AR symptoms by interacting with key proteins such as TNF, AKT1, STAT3, VEGFA, and EGFR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TBG modulates numerous targets across diverse signaling pathways in the AR therapy. Our results furnish a theoretical foundation for further exploring TBG's pharmacological mechanism in AR treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"110-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasal alar defects pose significant challenges due to the nose's central role in facial aesthetics and function. Various causes, including skin cancer resection, necessitate effective reconstruction techniques. Despite several available methods, identifying an ideal approach remains elusive.
Methods
This study introduces a single-stage reconstruction technique employing the nasolabial-folded-flap (NFL) with conchal cartilage support. A structured patient questionnaire evaluated functional and aesthetic outcomes, pain, healing and satisfaction. The survey involved six patients who underwent nasal reconstruction using this approach in 12 months.
Results
Patients expressed high satisfaction with functional and aesthetic outcomes. Functional aspects received very satisfactory ratings (mean 1.7), with aesthetically appealing results (mean 2). Reconstructed noses harmonized well with patients' faces (mean 2), with a moderate impact on daily activities (mean 2.7). Mild pain was occasionally reported (median 2.2) and healing was perceived as very successful (median 1.5). Patients were highly satisfied with care and support (median 1) and felt adequately informed (median 1.5). They strongly recommended this reconstruction technique to others (median 1).
Discussion
The NFL with conchal cartilage support proves versatile and cosmetically pleasing in single-stage reconstruction for full-thickness nasal alar defects. Patients demonstrated a strong willingness to recommend this approach to individuals with similar defects, showcasing its potential advantages. Despite limitations, our findings underscore the prospects of this technique in nasal reconstruction.
{"title":"Aesthetic and functional outcomes in full thickness nasal alar reconstruction: Insights from patients on conchal cartilage and nasolabial-folded-flap","authors":"Lukas S. Fiedler, S. Andrianopoulou, Tobias Meyer","doi":"10.1002/eer3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.18","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nasal alar defects pose significant challenges due to the nose's central role in facial aesthetics and function. Various causes, including skin cancer resection, necessitate effective reconstruction techniques. Despite several available methods, identifying an ideal approach remains elusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study introduces a single-stage reconstruction technique employing the nasolabial-folded-flap (NFL) with conchal cartilage support. A structured patient questionnaire evaluated functional and aesthetic outcomes, pain, healing and satisfaction. The survey involved six patients who underwent nasal reconstruction using this approach in 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients expressed high satisfaction with functional and aesthetic outcomes. Functional aspects received very satisfactory ratings (mean 1.7), with aesthetically appealing results (mean 2). Reconstructed noses harmonized well with patients' faces (mean 2), with a moderate impact on daily activities (mean 2.7). Mild pain was occasionally reported (median 2.2) and healing was perceived as very successful (median 1.5). Patients were highly satisfied with care and support (median 1) and felt adequately informed (median 1.5). They strongly recommended this reconstruction technique to others (median 1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NFL with conchal cartilage support proves versatile and cosmetically pleasing in single-stage reconstruction for full-thickness nasal alar defects. Patients demonstrated a strong willingness to recommend this approach to individuals with similar defects, showcasing its potential advantages. Despite limitations, our findings underscore the prospects of this technique in nasal reconstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Decentered ablation after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and a large pupil size can cause higher-order aberrations, leading to glare and halos [<span>1, 2</span>]. In this case report, we present a noninvasive approach that normalizes accommodative and binocular functions, thereby regulating pupil size and ocular aberrations.</p><p>A 27-year-old male computer science student presented to our hospital with diminished vision in both eyes, frontal headache, and the appearance of glare and halos around lights, which began 1 month after femtosecond (FS-200) LASIK. Following surgery to correct a −5.75 diopter sphere (DS) error in both eyes, the patient reported ongoing visual discomfort for 3 months, necessitating the use of glasses. He also reported that his discomfort persisted even after using 0.4% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eye drops three times daily for dry eyes. However, he did not experience discomfort during 12–14 h of daily computer use. Consequently, he visited our hospital for a second opinion.</p><p>During the optometric examination, uncorrected visual acuity (VA) was 20/80 and 20/30 in the right eye (RE) and 20/30 in the left eye (LE). With his current glasses, the VA improved to 20/30, with a prescription of −1.25 DS in the RE and −1.00 DS in the LE. Upon manifest refraction, VA further improved to 20/25 with −1.50 DS in the RE and −1.25 DS in the LE. Both the anterior and posterior segments appeared normal. The Rosenbaum pupillometry card read the pupil size measured to be approximately 7 mm. The insignificant misalignment in the ablation zone detected by the Oculus Pentacam (Figure 1) invalidated the diagnosis of myopic regression post-LASIK surgery. The ray-tracing aberrometer (Figure 2, Table 1) detected notable ocular aberrations, including increased internal defocus and larger pupil size. Cycloplegic refraction with 1% cyclopentolate solution revealed a refractive error of −1.00 DS in the RE and −0.75 DS in the LE. The patient was advised to return for a post-mydriatic test after 2 days given the 0.50 DS discrepancy between manifest and cycloplegic refractions.</p><p>A final spectacle prescription was recommended in both eyes with a −0.75 DS following binocular balancing, achieving VA of 20/20. Following a 2-week adaptation period with the new prescription, an orthoptic evaluation was conducted. The patient was diagnosed with a convergence excess (Table 2) associated with a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio (10:1). The reported Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score was 34. Initially, it was recommended to begin with +1 sphere bifocal spectacles, followed by in-office therapy. However, the patient declined bifocal glasses and opted for vision therapy as the primary treatment.</p><p>The vision therapy program was designed to be performed 3 days a week, for 45–60 min, encompassing 24 sessions and 30 min of home therapy (Table 3). The therapy progressed with improvements in both mon
{"title":"Management of ocular aberration and convergence excess after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis with vision therapy","authors":"Prithwis Manna, Sourav Karmakar, Animesh Mondal, Puja Sarbajna, Rikta Paul, Mahesh Mudi","doi":"10.1002/eer3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Decentered ablation after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and a large pupil size can cause higher-order aberrations, leading to glare and halos [<span>1, 2</span>]. In this case report, we present a noninvasive approach that normalizes accommodative and binocular functions, thereby regulating pupil size and ocular aberrations.</p><p>A 27-year-old male computer science student presented to our hospital with diminished vision in both eyes, frontal headache, and the appearance of glare and halos around lights, which began 1 month after femtosecond (FS-200) LASIK. Following surgery to correct a −5.75 diopter sphere (DS) error in both eyes, the patient reported ongoing visual discomfort for 3 months, necessitating the use of glasses. He also reported that his discomfort persisted even after using 0.4% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eye drops three times daily for dry eyes. However, he did not experience discomfort during 12–14 h of daily computer use. Consequently, he visited our hospital for a second opinion.</p><p>During the optometric examination, uncorrected visual acuity (VA) was 20/80 and 20/30 in the right eye (RE) and 20/30 in the left eye (LE). With his current glasses, the VA improved to 20/30, with a prescription of −1.25 DS in the RE and −1.00 DS in the LE. Upon manifest refraction, VA further improved to 20/25 with −1.50 DS in the RE and −1.25 DS in the LE. Both the anterior and posterior segments appeared normal. The Rosenbaum pupillometry card read the pupil size measured to be approximately 7 mm. The insignificant misalignment in the ablation zone detected by the Oculus Pentacam (Figure 1) invalidated the diagnosis of myopic regression post-LASIK surgery. The ray-tracing aberrometer (Figure 2, Table 1) detected notable ocular aberrations, including increased internal defocus and larger pupil size. Cycloplegic refraction with 1% cyclopentolate solution revealed a refractive error of −1.00 DS in the RE and −0.75 DS in the LE. The patient was advised to return for a post-mydriatic test after 2 days given the 0.50 DS discrepancy between manifest and cycloplegic refractions.</p><p>A final spectacle prescription was recommended in both eyes with a −0.75 DS following binocular balancing, achieving VA of 20/20. Following a 2-week adaptation period with the new prescription, an orthoptic evaluation was conducted. The patient was diagnosed with a convergence excess (Table 2) associated with a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio (10:1). The reported Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score was 34. Initially, it was recommended to begin with +1 sphere bifocal spectacles, followed by in-office therapy. However, the patient declined bifocal glasses and opted for vision therapy as the primary treatment.</p><p>The vision therapy program was designed to be performed 3 days a week, for 45–60 min, encompassing 24 sessions and 30 min of home therapy (Table 3). The therapy progressed with improvements in both mon","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamed Sarikhani, Karena Zhao, Marc A. Polacco, Charles Gropper, Samuel N. Helman
The nose is a structure of both cosmetic and functional importance. Cutaneous lesions of the nose occasionally represent a diagnostic challenge and involve the expertise of several specialties from dermatology, otolaryngology—head and neck surgery, infectious disease, and pathology, among others. We present a review of salient features of malignant and benign cutaneous nasal lesions which are of importance to physicians treating these complicated pathologies.
{"title":"Benign and malignant cutaneous nasal lesions","authors":"Hamed Sarikhani, Karena Zhao, Marc A. Polacco, Charles Gropper, Samuel N. Helman","doi":"10.1002/eer3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nose is a structure of both cosmetic and functional importance. Cutaneous lesions of the nose occasionally represent a diagnostic challenge and involve the expertise of several specialties from dermatology, otolaryngology—head and neck surgery, infectious disease, and pathology, among others. We present a review of salient features of malignant and benign cutaneous nasal lesions which are of importance to physicians treating these complicated pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"65-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143251946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaodan Pan, Qin Gu, Xuan Sun, Yahan Zhao, Dongxin Liu, Yi Li
Purpose
To explore the optimal surgical excision treatment for external auditory canal (EAC) cholesteatoma involving the posterior wall and partial mastoid process.
Methods
This study included 115 inpatients (152 ears) diagnosed with EAC cholesteatoma involving posterior wall and partial mastoid from April 2022 to April 2024. Each patient underwent a canal-wall-up mastoidectomy, canaloplasty, and tympanoplasty. Preoperative clinical symptoms and hearing were compared with postoperative outcomes during follow-ups.
Results
All patients achieved a dry-ear status and remained relapse-free over the 0.5–2 years' follow-ups. The most salient improvements were observed in hearing loss, oltagia, and aural fullness after the surgical intervention.
Conclusion
For EAC cholesteatoma with the posterior canal wall and partial mastoid invasion, canal-wall-up mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior canal wall is preferable, provided there are no severely extensive cholesteatomas present in the mastoid.
{"title":"The optimal surgical treatment for canal-wall-up mastoidectomy of external auditory canal cholesteatoma","authors":"Xiaodan Pan, Qin Gu, Xuan Sun, Yahan Zhao, Dongxin Liu, Yi Li","doi":"10.1002/eer3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.17","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the optimal surgical excision treatment for external auditory canal (EAC) cholesteatoma involving the posterior wall and partial mastoid process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 115 inpatients (152 ears) diagnosed with EAC cholesteatoma involving posterior wall and partial mastoid from April 2022 to April 2024. Each patient underwent a canal-wall-up mastoidectomy, canaloplasty, and tympanoplasty. Preoperative clinical symptoms and hearing were compared with postoperative outcomes during follow-ups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All patients achieved a dry-ear status and remained relapse-free over the 0.5–2 years' follow-ups. The most salient improvements were observed in hearing loss, oltagia, and aural fullness after the surgical intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For EAC cholesteatoma with the posterior canal wall and partial mastoid invasion, canal-wall-up mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior canal wall is preferable, provided there are no severely extensive cholesteatomas present in the mastoid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyi Tian, Yanru Li, Na Lin, Jianhong Liao, Yunhan Shi, Dan Kang, Xiu Ding, Hongguang Li, Demin Han
Objective
To evaluate the pharyngeal compliance of patients with obstructive sleep apnea with complete muscle relaxation. And to study the relationship between the pharyngeal wall compliance and the mechanical load of the retropalatal airway.
Methods
The static mechanical load of the retropalatal pharynx was determined by critical closing pressure (Pcrit) of the segment during general anesthesia in 30 patients. The size/dimensions of the pharynx were measured while intraluminal pressure was controlled at 3–20 cmH2O.
Results
A total of 30 participants (age: 37.6 ± 7.6 years, 27 males) were studied. The mean apnea-hypopnea index was 51.6 ± 23.9 events/h. The retropalatal mean Pcrit was 12.68 ± 4.13 cmH2O. There was a significant difference in the length of the obstruction segment (F = 26.028, p < 0.001) among groups with different pharyngeal collapsibility. The correlation between the mechanical load of retropalatal airway and pharyngeal compliance in the level of the hard palate (r = −0.448, p = 0.015) and the uvula level (r = −0.462, p = 0.026) were significant.
Conclusions
Increased retropalatal mechanical loads were related to abnormal passive compliance of the pharyngeal wall. The contribution of each pharyngeal wall to airway collapse was varied.
{"title":"Effect of pharyngeal wall compliance on passive collapsibility of retropalatal airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Hongyi Tian, Yanru Li, Na Lin, Jianhong Liao, Yunhan Shi, Dan Kang, Xiu Ding, Hongguang Li, Demin Han","doi":"10.1002/eer3.6","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer3.6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the pharyngeal compliance of patients with obstructive sleep apnea with complete muscle relaxation. And to study the relationship between the pharyngeal wall compliance and the mechanical load of the retropalatal airway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The static mechanical load of the retropalatal pharynx was determined by critical closing pressure (<i>P</i><sub>crit</sub>) of the segment during general anesthesia in 30 patients. The size/dimensions of the pharynx were measured while intraluminal pressure was controlled at 3–20 cmH<sub>2</sub>O.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 30 participants (age: 37.6 ± 7.6 years, 27 males) were studied. The mean apnea-hypopnea index was 51.6 ± 23.9 events/h. The retropalatal mean <i>P</i><sub>crit</sub> was 12.68 ± 4.13 cmH<sub>2</sub>O. There was a significant difference in the length of the obstruction segment (<i>F</i> = 26.028, <i>p</i> < 0.001) among groups with different pharyngeal collapsibility. The correlation between the mechanical load of retropalatal airway and pharyngeal compliance in the level of the hard palate (<i>r</i> = −0.448, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and the uvula level (<i>r</i> = −0.462, <i>p</i> = 0.026) were significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased retropalatal mechanical loads were related to abnormal passive compliance of the pharyngeal wall. The contribution of each pharyngeal wall to airway collapse was varied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To retrospective analysis of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors, and to explore the value of ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.
Methods
The clinical data of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors in our hospital from 2002 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were examined by ultrasound. The postoperative pathological test results were used as the “gold standard” to verify and analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors (PT).
Results
The male-to-female ratio of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors was 1.16:1. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 87 years old. Patients aged 40–65 years accounted for 54.6%, which was the most common age of parotid gland tumors. Among 350 cases, 259 were benign and 91 were malignant. The top three benign PTs were pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and basal cell adenoma. The top three malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid masses were 96.53%, 69.23%, 89.43%, 87.50%, and 87.72%, respectively.
Conclusion
The pathological types of parotid gland tumors are complex and diverse. Ultrasonography has high accuracy in the diagnosis of PT, which can provide important evidence for the differentiation of benign and malignant PT, and then assist in the clinical selection of individualized surgical programs.
{"title":"A retrospective analysis of 350 cases of parotid gland tumors and the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors","authors":"Wen Gao, Lifei Feng, Zishi Huang, Duoxuan Chen, Wei Guo, Gaofei Yin, Yang Zhang, Zhigang Huang","doi":"10.1002/eer3.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer3.7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To retrospective analysis of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors, and to explore the value of ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clinical data of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors in our hospital from 2002 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were examined by ultrasound. The postoperative pathological test results were used as the “gold standard” to verify and analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors (PT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The male-to-female ratio of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors was 1.16:1. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 87 years old. Patients aged 40–65 years accounted for 54.6%, which was the most common age of parotid gland tumors. Among 350 cases, 259 were benign and 91 were malignant. The top three benign PTs were pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and basal cell adenoma. The top three malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid masses were 96.53%, 69.23%, 89.43%, 87.50%, and 87.72%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathological types of parotid gland tumors are complex and diverse. Ultrasonography has high accuracy in the diagnosis of PT, which can provide important evidence for the differentiation of benign and malignant PT, and then assist in the clinical selection of individualized surgical programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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