Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine最新文献

Background

The apolipoprotein C3 gene (APOC3) polymorphisms were reported to be associated with lipid levels. But recent studies showed contradictory results about the associations between APOC3 rs854116 and rs2854117 polymorphisms and fasting TG level. This study aimed to investigate the associations of the two polymorphisms and TG levels, considering other factors such as gender, age and ethnicity.

Methods

Twenty-five eligible studies with 20686 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the differences of the variables between the genotypes.

Results

The results showed that the variant allele carriers had a higher TG level than non-carriers (13 studies for −455T > C, SMD: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.02–0.77, P = 0.04; 12 studies for −482C > T, SMD: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.08–0.68, P = 0.01). But when homozygous group was defined as wild-type allele at both SNPs, and the case group was defined as carriers of one or more variant alleles at either SNP, no significant difference was found (7 studies, SMD: 0.05, 95%CI: −0.34 to 0.45, P = 0.79). Significant results were found in adult group (for −455T > C, SMD: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.07–0.65, P = 0.01; for −482C > T, SMD: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.00–0.11, P = 0.04) and in Caucasian group (for −482C > T, SMD: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.02–0.87, P = 0.04).

Conclusions

APOC3 rs854116 and rs2854117 polymorphisms are associated with higher fasting TG level, respectively. This association was significant in adult and Caucasian subgroup. The interaction of these polymorphisms and the environmental factors might be worth studying further.

We report an original approach to synthesize hybrid gold nanostructures in which doxorubicin (DOX), mixed to Poliethylenglycole diacid (PEG-COOH) led to original hybrid gold nanovector (DOX IN PEG AuNPs). In this work, we investigate the ability of DOX IN PEG-AuNPs to detect the amplification of the hybridization process by a sensitive Quartz crystal Microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) by intercalation process. The sensing layer was carried out by self-assembled monolayer of β mercaptoethylamine (cysteamine) on gold-coated quartz crystal sensor composed by a rigid homobifunctional cross-linker 1,4 phenilenediisothiocyanate (PDITC) linked covalently with amino-probe oligonucleotides. By QCM characterization in the range from 8 µM to 20 nM, we demonstrate high specificity of DOX IN PEG-AuNPs-DNA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9 nM. This result is very promising for development of sensitive and effective nanoparticle-based biosensor for quantifying small biomolecules concentration in physiological liquids. These results open a possibility to realize a new class of nanovector which will be tailored for different biomedical application, such as imaging, targeting and drugs delivery.

Purpose

To research on infection rates of 18 HPV subtypes by recent years and the age-specific prevalence of HPV and provide a theoretical basis for the development of appropriate preventive care and constructing effective vaccine in Sichuan, China.

Methods

Cervical samples were collected from 48,170 women who underwent routine HPV screening, and HPV subtypes were detected by reverse membrane hybridization.

Results

From 2009 to 2016, the infection rate and the multiple infection rate of HPV were decreased year after year, the average rates were 25.6% (12320/48170) and 7.6% (3637/48170). The most common high-risk HPV subtypes were HPV-16 (17.8%, 2187/12320), followed by HPV-52 (17.4%, 2140/12320) and HPV-58 (12.4%, 1527/12320). HPV-16 (8.0%, 988/12320) also was the most prevalent subtype in the multiple infections. However, the infection rate of HPV-16 (25.1–16.9%) decreased from 2009 to 2016, whereas that of HPV-52 (6.8–26.1%) was obviously raised and ahead of HPV-16 in 2015 and 2016. The relationship curve between age and infection rate was a ‘U’ shape (two peaks at ≤25 group and ≥56 group, 30.2% and 29.8%, respectively; χ ² = 302.382, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In Sichuan, the probability of women infected with HPV was very high. Due to the high infection rates of HPV-52 and HPV-58, the target of prophylactic vaccine design should include HPV-52 and HPV-58. Young and older women in Sichuan should conduct HPV testing and cervical cancer screening on a regular basis. In short, appropriate preventive care and constructing effective vaccine should be based on close monitoring of regional HPV.

Background

This study was undertaken to investigate the potential significance of expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum of the mice infected with clinical common kinds of bacterial.

Methods

ICR mice divided in different groups were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by The Luminex® xMAP™ System at 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after injection.

Results

The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in mouse serum increased significantly at 0.5 h after bacterial injection in all experimental groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and the level of IL-6 remained higher in experimental groups during the first 2 days after injection (P < 0.01). The highest level of IL-10 was reached at 1 h after injection in E. coli and K. pneumoniae groups, at 3 h in Staphylococcus aureus group and at 6 h in E. faecalis group respectively. The increase degrees of IL-6 and IL-10 in E. coli and K. pneumoniae groups were significantly higher than those in S. aureus and E. faecalis groups (P < 0.01). There was no obvious change of IL-6 and IL-10 in the control group.

Conclusion

There were significantly increases of the serum IL-6 and IL-10 at the early stage of 4 different bacterial BSIs. The increase degrees and rates of IL-6 and IL-10 in E. coli and K. pneumoniae groups were significantly higher than those in S. aureus group and E. faecalis group. The combination of IL-6 and IL-10 could be used in the early diagnosis for bacterial BSI and may provide a basis for clinical therapy.

Cancer has become a major public health problem worldwide. Researches focus on the new approaches for cancer treatments that involve the specific targets of the cancer disease. The premise of targeted therapy in oncology is the fundamental reliance of tumor cells on biological pathways to which drugs inhibiting those pathways can be applied. Tumor resistance to anticancer drugs is a well-known clinical phenomenon that is now yielding its secrets to investigation at the molecular level. Resistance of immunotherapeutic agents is a matter of concern that is believed to influence the effectiveness of anticancer therapies. The intrinsic or acquired drug resistance directly impacts on the survival and the prognosis of patients with cancer. This review presents the application of molecule targeted therapy in cancer treatment. A particular focus is on the potential mechanism that can facilitate further improvement of anticancer.

Diabetes, often referred as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism because of the defects in insulin releasing, insulin action, or both. The most common form of diabetes mellitus is type 2 diabetes which is a worldwide chronic disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing for the early detection of diabetes and to evaluate the correlation between FPG and HbA1c as a biomarker for diabetes in the general population in Hong Kong. This study also observed and assessed the risk of diabetes by comparing different genders and ages in Hong Kong.

A retrospective study was undertaken and the data was collected in the database of a HOKLAS (The Hong Kong Laboratory Accreditation Scheme) clinical laboratory from 200 diabetic and non-diabetic patients (83 females and 117 males, age ranged from 20 to 90) who attended the laboratory during January 2016 to February 2016 for both FPG and HbA1c measurements.

A significant correlation between HbA1c and FPG (r² = 0.713, p < 0.05) was observed in this study. Moreover, patients detected as diabetes in age groups 45–64, 65–74 and ≥75 years old were 2.5, 3 and 6 times respectively higher than that of the diabetic individuals under 45 years old.

In conclusion, FPG was significantly correlated with HbA1c and a significant increase in FPG and HbA1c in male was observed by comparing with female. Furthermore, the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus in male was 3 times higher than that in female in Hong Kong and it progressed with increasing age. Further longer term and large scale research in each age group is warranted.

New technologies and advanced methods are the important basis for continuous development of laboratory medicine. Although the labeling analysis has become an important research method in laboratory medicine, label-free methods showed unique advantages, such as high sensitivity, small working volumes, low damage to analytes and easy on-chip integrations. Label-free methods are mainly based on the molecular biophysical properties without conjugated labels, which can largely avoid false positives and can provide more reliable and reproducible detection results. Nowadays, New-generation label-free technologies such as terahertz spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Biochip/Microarray, mass spectrometer, have already shown great potential in biomedical applications, such as the identification of clinical microorganism, rapid and unlabeled detection of bimolecular, and dynamic monitoring of bimolecular interaction and the imaging of the construction and spatial structures. In this review, we summarized recent findings on the development and potential applications of the new-generation label-free technologies in clinical laboratory, focusing on the advantages and biomedical research of terahertz spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Biochip/Microarray, quartz crystal microbalance devices and mass spectrometer.