Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1088/0368-3281/3/1/113
A. Fateev, B. Yablokov
{"title":"LETTERS TO THE EDITORS: A ring cyclotron with a vertically increasing magnetic field","authors":"A. Fateev, B. Yablokov","doi":"10.1088/0368-3281/3/1/113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0368-3281/3/1/113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82521526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0368-3265(61)90004-4
J. Larisse, P. Braffort
A stochastic model is described which expresses the destiny of individuals walking in a multiplicating medium such as nuclear reactors. By means of this model one can obtain probability laws of a number of random variates connected to the stochastic process, principally the stochastic differential equation for population density evolution and also the associated diffusion equation of probability. Hence, it is possible for stationary case to deduce the fluctuations power spectrum.
A number of results obtained by various authors are found again, unified and completed.
{"title":"Equations differentielles stochastiques regissant l'evolution de la densite neutronique dans un milieu multiplicateur","authors":"J. Larisse, P. Braffort","doi":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90004-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90004-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A stochastic model is described which expresses the destiny of individuals walking in a multiplicating medium such as nuclear reactors. By means of this model one can obtain probability laws of a number of random variates connected to the stochastic process, principally the stochastic differential equation for population density evolution and also the associated diffusion equation of probability. Hence, it is possible for stationary case to deduce the fluctuations power spectrum.</p><p>A number of results obtained by various authors are found again, unified and completed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0368-3265(61)90004-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81801844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0368-3265(61)90002-0
P. Bacher, R. Naudet
The quest for competitive power from nuclear reactors requires an accurate knowledge of neutron balance with varying geometrical and physical lattice parameters. A great number of critical experiments with good relative accuracy are therefore needed.
The progressive replacement method described hereafter is particularly well suited to this objective, as it is a differential method. It is much cheaper and quicker than the usual critical experiment, but has comparable accuracy.
It is shown in the first part of the paper how this method has been applied to heavy water lattices in the critical facility ‘Aquilon’ and in the second part to graphite lattices during start-up experiments of the G1 and G2 reactors in Marcoule.
{"title":"Mesures de laplaciens par la methode du remplacement progressif","authors":"P. Bacher, R. Naudet","doi":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90002-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90002-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quest for competitive power from nuclear reactors requires an accurate knowledge of neutron balance with varying geometrical and physical lattice parameters. A great number of critical experiments with good relative accuracy are therefore needed.</p><p>The progressive replacement method described hereafter is particularly well suited to this objective, as it is a differential method. It is much cheaper and quicker than the usual critical experiment, but has comparable accuracy.</p><p>It is shown in the first part of the paper how this method has been applied to heavy water lattices in the critical facility ‘Aquilon’ and in the second part to graphite lattices during start-up experiments of the G1 and G2 reactors in Marcoule.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0368-3265(61)90002-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76523660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1088/0368-3281/3/2/410
D. Ashby, K. Roberts, S. J. Roberts
ABS>A shock-heated linear z-pinch experiment is described, in which an initial B/sub z/ field and strong pre-ionization are employed. The properties of the B/sub z/ and B/sub sub t//sub t/ fields, from the plasma axis to the wall, are found from 0 to 2.5 mu sec after initiation of the discharge. The B/ sub sub t//sub t/ field sweeps the plasma into the central area; a shock is thereby formed in the B, field, which is pushed to the sxis. The observed effects are compared with one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic predictions. (T.F.H.)
本文描述了一种冲击加热线性z夹紧实验，该实验采用初始B/sub z/场和强预电离。在放电开始后的0 ~ 2.5 μ s内，从等离子体轴到壁面的B/sub - z/和B/sub - sub - t//sub - t/场的性质得到了计算结果。B/ sub - sub - t//sub - t/场将等离子体扫至中心区域;因此，在B磁场中形成了一个激波，这个激波被推到了宇宙的边缘。将观测到的效应与一维磁流体力学预测结果进行了比较。(T.F.H.)
{"title":"RESEARCH NOTE: Experimental and theoretical observations on a fast linear pinch","authors":"D. Ashby, K. Roberts, S. J. Roberts","doi":"10.1088/0368-3281/3/2/410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0368-3281/3/2/410","url":null,"abstract":"ABS>A shock-heated linear z-pinch experiment is described, in which an initial B/sub z/ field and strong pre-ionization are employed. The properties of the B/sub z/ and B/sub sub t//sub t/ fields, from the plasma axis to the wall, are found from 0 to 2.5 mu sec after initiation of the discharge. The B/ sub sub t//sub t/ field sweeps the plasma into the central area; a shock is thereby formed in the B, field, which is pushed to the sxis. The observed effects are compared with one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic predictions. (T.F.H.)","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77519716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0368-3265(61)90001-9
P. Benoist
The calculation of diffusion coefficients in a lattice necessitates the knowledge of a correct method of weighting the free paths of the different constituents. An unambiguous definition of this weighting method is given here, based on the calculation of leakages from a zone of a reactor. The formulation obtained, which is both simple and general, reduces the calculation of diffusion coefficients to that of collision probabilities in the different media: it reveals in the expression for the radial coefficient the series of the terms of angular correlation (cross terms) recently shown by several authors. This formulation is then used to calculate the practical case of a classical type of lattice composed of a moderator and a fuel element surrounded by an empty space. Analytical and numerical comparison of the expressions obtained with those inferred from the theory of Behrens shows up the importance of several new terms some of which are linked with the transparency of the fuel element. Cross terms up to the second order are evaluated. A practical list of formulae is given at the end of the paper.
{"title":"Formulation generale et calcul pratique du coefficient de diffusion dans un reseau comportant des cavités","authors":"P. Benoist","doi":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90001-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90001-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The calculation of diffusion coefficients in a lattice necessitates the knowledge of a correct method of weighting the free paths of the different constituents. An unambiguous definition of this weighting method is given here, based on the calculation of leakages from a zone of a reactor. The formulation obtained, which is both simple and general, reduces the calculation of diffusion coefficients to that of collision probabilities in the different media: it reveals in the expression for the radial coefficient the series of the terms of angular correlation (cross terms) recently shown by several authors. This formulation is then used to calculate the practical case of a classical type of lattice composed of a moderator and a fuel element surrounded by an empty space. Analytical and numerical comparison of the expressions obtained with those inferred from the theory of <span>Behrens</span> shows up the importance of several new terms some of which are linked with the transparency of the fuel element. Cross terms up to the second order are evaluated. A practical list of formulae is given at the end of the paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0368-3265(61)90001-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87069359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0368-3265(61)90005-6
F. Brown, P.J. Campion, B.H. Oliver
The effective cross-sections, gs and cadmium ratios, RCd for the reaction 133Cs(n,γ)134Cs (2·17 yr) have been measured in three different positions of the NRX reactor and the results interpreted by means of the Westcott convention to give values for the 2200 m/sec cross-section, σ0, and the resonance integral, Σ. Measurements were made relative to the cross-sections for the reaction 59Co(n,γ)60Co (5·28 yr). gs varies from 34 barns in a graphite shielded position outside the reactor calandria to 41 barns in a vacant fuel rod position. The values of σ0 and Σ derived are 33·4 ± 2·6 barns and 370 ± 50 barns respectively, where Σ is evaluated from 0·5 eV upwards and includes the part. The errors are standard deviations and include the errors in the measurements and the errors in the input data; they do not include errors which could arise in the interpretation of the data.
{"title":"The cross-section for the reaction 133CS(n,γ)134Cs in the NRX reactor","authors":"F. Brown, P.J. Campion, B.H. Oliver","doi":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90005-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90005-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effective cross-sections, <span><math><mtext></mtext><mtext>̂</mtext></math></span>gs and cadmium ratios, <em>R</em><sub>Cd</sub> for the reaction <sup>133</sup>Cs(<em>n</em>,<em>γ</em>)<sup>134</sup>Cs (2·17 yr) have been measured in three different positions of the NRX reactor and the results interpreted by means of the <span>Westcott</span> convention to give values for the 2200 m/sec cross-section, <em>σ</em><sub>0</sub>, and the resonance integral, Σ. Measurements were made relative to the cross-sections for the reaction <sup>59</sup>Co(<em>n</em>,<em>γ</em>)<sup>60</sup>Co (5·28 yr). <span><math><mtext></mtext><mtext>̂</mtext></math></span>gs varies from 34 barns in a graphite shielded position outside the reactor calandria to 41 barns in a vacant fuel rod position. The values of <em>σ</em><sub>0</sub> and Σ derived are 33·4 ± 2·6 barns and 370 ± 50 barns respectively, where Σ is evaluated from 0·5 eV upwards and includes the <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>v</mtext></math></span> part. The errors are standard deviations and include the errors in the measurements and the errors in the input data; they do not include errors which could arise in the interpretation of the data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0368-3265(61)90005-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91148973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/107
A. A. Borob'ev, B. Kononov
{"title":"LETTERS TO THE EDITORS: An electrostatic method of extracting electrons from a betatron","authors":"A. A. Borob'ev, B. Kononov","doi":"10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86213187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0368-3265(61)90015-9
D.P. Kimel
{"title":"The determination of the optimum shape for a shielding barrier","authors":"D.P. Kimel","doi":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90015-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0368-3265(61)90015-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0368-3265(61)90015-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73949667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/109
M. L. Levin
{"title":"LETTERS TO THE EDITORS: On the stability of plasma bunches in a wave guide","authors":"M. L. Levin","doi":"10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-01-01DOI: 10.1088/0368-3281/3/4/410
N. L. Allen
A study is made of the elucidation of energy loss processes in the toroidal pinched discharge. The study is accomplished by making magnetic probe measurements of the torus walls in order to determine the magnetic field irregularities at various points along the discharge column. Results of measurements in Sceptre III show that the magnetic configurations of the azimuthal and axial components of field are generally similar. The experiment shows that geometrical irregularities are unimportant in producing a current drain to the walls of a magnitude resolvable by the probe technique. Plots are given of the azimuthal and axial fields showing the existence of a fairly uniformly conducting, contracted current channel. (N.W.R.)
{"title":"RESEARCH NOTES: Magnetic configurations and the energy loss problem in the toroidal pinched discharge","authors":"N. L. Allen","doi":"10.1088/0368-3281/3/4/410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0368-3281/3/4/410","url":null,"abstract":"A study is made of the elucidation of energy loss processes in the toroidal pinched discharge. The study is accomplished by making magnetic probe measurements of the torus walls in order to determine the magnetic field irregularities at various points along the discharge column. Results of measurements in Sceptre III show that the magnetic configurations of the azimuthal and axial components of field are generally similar. The experiment shows that geometrical irregularities are unimportant in producing a current drain to the walls of a magnitude resolvable by the probe technique. Plots are given of the azimuthal and axial fields showing the existence of a fairly uniformly conducting, contracted current channel. (N.W.R.)","PeriodicalId":100813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Energy. Part A. Reactor Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83117854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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