Objective
To review the impact, pathophysiology, types, and treatment strategies for adult bladder control problems.
Data Sources
Articles published from January 1983 through July 2001 identified through a Medline search using the terms urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, voiding dysfunction, stress urinary incontinence, urge incontinence, and overflow incontinence. Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of retrieved articles.
Data Synthesis
Bladder control problems, including overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, and overflow incontinence, affect millions of adults in the United States. Such problems can result in a myriad of physical, psychological, and functional difficulties. Most patients with bladder control problems have a favorable response to therapy; however, the majority of affected people fail to seek treatment and rely upon absorbent products and coping strategies to manage their condition. Treatment for bladder control problems includes behavioral modifications, strengthening exercises, avoidance of triggering factors, pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, surgery. Global treatment strategies should include screening for bladder control problems to assist in the identification of sufferers who could benefit from therapy. Pharmacists have an excellent opportunity to make a positive impact on the care of people affected by bladder control problems.
Conclusion
Bladder control problems are not a normal part of aging and most patients respond well to treatment. By providing education and counseling, pharmacists can help raise awareness of the management of bladder control problems.
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