Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia最新文献

英文中文

Endocrine and metabolic responses to halothane and pentobarbitone anaesthesia in sheep 氟烷和戊巴比酮麻醉对绵羊内分泌和代谢的影响

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00165.X

P. Taylor

SUMMARY Some metabolic and endocrine responses to anaesthesia in sheep were studied. Adult sheep were anaesthetised with thiopentone and halothane (n=9), acepromazine, thiopentone and halothane (n=8) and pentobarbitone (n=10) on separate occasions. Routine cardiovascular monitoring was carried out and blood samples were taken for assay of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), glucose and lactate. Halothane anaesthesia induced hypotension, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. Sheep anaesthetised with pentobarbitone were also hypercapnic and acidotic but did not develop hypotension. Plasma cortisol, ACTH and AVP (mean maximum values: cortisol: 83 ng/ml, ACTH 278 ng/ml, AVP 135 pg/ml), increased during halothane anaesthesia but did not change significantly from control values during pentobarbitone anaesthesia (mean maximum values: cortisol: 30 ng/ml, ACTH 71 ng/ml, AVP 7.8 pg/ml). Glucose tended to increase during both halothane and pentobarbitone anaesthesia but lactate decreased. It is not clear what facet of halothane anaesthesia evokes the stress response but it may be associated with cardiovascular depression.

本文研究了绵羊对麻醉的一些代谢和内分泌反应。成年羊分别用硫喷妥酮和氟烷麻醉(n=9)、乙酰丙嗪、硫喷妥酮和氟烷麻醉(n=8)和戊巴比酮麻醉(n=10)。常规进行心血管监测，采血检测皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、精氨酸抗利尿素(AVP)、葡萄糖、乳酸。氟烷麻醉引起低血压、高碳酸血症和呼吸性酸中毒。用戊巴比酮麻醉的绵羊也出现高碳酸血症和酸中毒，但未出现低血压。氟烷麻醉期间血浆皮质醇、ACTH和AVP(平均最大值:皮质醇:83 ng/ml, ACTH 278 ng/ml, AVP 135 pg/ml)升高，但与戊巴比酮麻醉期间的对照组相比无显著变化(平均最大值:皮质醇:30 ng/ml, ACTH 71 ng/ml, AVP 7.8 pg/ml)。在氟烷和戊巴比酮麻醉期间，葡萄糖有升高的趋势，而乳酸有下降的趋势。目前尚不清楚氟烷麻醉的哪个方面会引起应激反应，但它可能与心血管抑郁有关。

{"title":"Endocrine and metabolic responses to halothane and pentobarbitone anaesthesia in sheep","authors":"P. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00165.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00165.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Some metabolic and endocrine responses to anaesthesia in sheep were studied. Adult sheep were anaesthetised with thiopentone and halothane (n=9), acepromazine, thiopentone and halothane (n=8) and pentobarbitone (n=10) on separate occasions. Routine cardiovascular monitoring was carried out and blood samples were taken for assay of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), glucose and lactate. Halothane anaesthesia induced hypotension, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. Sheep anaesthetised with pentobarbitone were also hypercapnic and acidotic but did not develop hypotension. Plasma cortisol, ACTH and AVP (mean maximum values: cortisol: 83 ng/ml, ACTH 278 ng/ml, AVP 135 pg/ml), increased during halothane anaesthesia but did not change significantly from control values during pentobarbitone anaesthesia (mean maximum values: cortisol: 30 ng/ml, ACTH 71 ng/ml, AVP 7.8 pg/ml). Glucose tended to increase during both halothane and pentobarbitone anaesthesia but lactate decreased. It is not clear what facet of halothane anaesthesia evokes the stress response but it may be associated with cardiovascular depression.","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76800917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The effect of epidural morphine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats 硬膜外吗啡对猫肺泡最低异氟醚浓度的影响

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1998.tb00170.x

F.J. Golder, P.J. Pascoe, C.S. Bailey, J.E. Ilkiw, L.D. Tripp

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 3 different doses of epidurally administered morphine sulphate on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in healthy cats. Five 4-year-old, spayed female cats weighing 4.7 ± 0.8 kg were allocated randomly to receive one of 3 doses of morphine on each study day. The 3 doses of morphine were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg bwt and each cat was studied 3 times so that each cat received all doses. On each study day, cats were anaesthetised with isoflurane and instrumented. The MAC of isoflurane was determined in triplicate and morphine sulphate was administered via an epidural catheter chronically implanted prior to the study. Maximum MAC reduction was determined over the following 2 h. At the end of the study cats were allowed to recover. There was a significant reduction in MAC of isoflurane, with all doses of epidural morphine (P<0.05). The maximum reduction in MAC of isoflurane after 0.05 mg/kg bwt, 0.10 mg/kg bwt and 0.20 mg/kg bwt morphine was 21.4 ± 9.796, 30.8 ± 9.696, and 30.2 ± 6.8%, respectively, with no significant difference between doses. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial pH decreased significantly whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension increased significantly after morphine administration (P<0.05). The means for all variables returned to pre-morphine values when the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was reduced to the new MAC point. In conclusion, epidural morphine decreased the concentration of isoflurane required to prevent movement in response to noxious mechanical stimulation to the tail base. A similar effect may be seen clinically allowing lower doses of isoflurane to be used to provide surgical anaesthesia for procedures involving the hind limbs, pelvis and tail.

本研究旨在评估3种不同剂量硬膜外给药硫酸吗啡对健康猫异氟醚最小肺泡浓度（MAC）的影响。在每个研究日，随机分配5只体重4.7±0.8 kg、4岁、绝育的母猫接受3剂吗啡中的一剂。吗啡的3个剂量分别为0.05、0.1和0.2毫克/公斤体重，对每只猫进行3次研究，使每只猫接受所有剂量。在每个研究日，用异氟烷对猫进行麻醉并安装仪器。异氟烷的MAC测定一式三份，并在研究前通过长期植入的硬膜外导管给予硫酸吗啡。在接下来的2小时内确定最大MAC减少。研究结束时，允许猫恢复。在所有剂量的硬膜外吗啡作用下，异氟醚的MAC显著降低（P<；0.05）。在0.05 mg/kg体重、0.10 mg/kg体重和0.20 mg/kg体重吗啡作用后，异氟醚MAC的最大降低分别为21.4±9.796、30.8±9.696和30.2±6.8%，剂量之间无显著差异。吗啡给药后，收缩压、平均血压和舒张压、心率、呼吸频率和动脉pH显著下降，而动脉二氧化碳张力显著增加（P<；0.05）。当潮末异氟醚浓度降至新的MAC点时，所有变量的平均值均恢复到吗啡前的值。总之，硬膜外吗啡降低了防止尾基部受到有害机械刺激时运动所需的异氟醚浓度。临床上可以看到类似的效果，允许使用较低剂量的异氟醚为涉及后肢、骨盆和尾巴的手术提供手术麻醉。

{"title":"The effect of epidural morphine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats","authors":"F.J. Golder, P.J. Pascoe, C.S. Bailey, J.E. Ilkiw, L.D. Tripp","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1998.tb00170.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1998.tb00170.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 3 different doses of epidurally administered morphine sulphate on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in healthy cats. Five 4-year-old, spayed female cats weighing 4.7 ± 0.8 kg were allocated randomly to receive one of 3 doses of morphine on each study day. The 3 doses of morphine were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg bwt and each cat was studied 3 times so that each cat received all doses. On each study day, cats were anaesthetised with isoflurane and instrumented. The MAC of isoflurane was determined in triplicate and morphine sulphate was administered via an epidural catheter chronically implanted prior to the study. Maximum MAC reduction was determined over the following 2 h. At the end of the study cats were allowed to recover. There was a significant reduction in MAC of isoflurane, with all doses of epidural morphine (P<0.05). The maximum reduction in MAC of isoflurane after 0.05 mg/kg bwt, 0.10 mg/kg bwt and 0.20 mg/kg bwt morphine was 21.4 ± 9.796, 30.8 ± 9.696, and 30.2 ± 6.8%, respectively, with no significant difference between doses. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial pH decreased significantly whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension increased significantly after morphine administration (P<0.05). The means for all variables returned to pre-morphine values when the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was reduced to the new MAC point. In conclusion, epidural morphine decreased the concentration of isoflurane required to prevent movement in response to noxious mechanical stimulation to the tail base. A similar effect may be seen clinically allowing lower doses of isoflurane to be used to provide surgical anaesthesia for procedures involving the hind limbs, pelvis and tail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1998.tb00170.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72283378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Comparing oral and intramuscular administration of medetomidine in cats 猫口服和肌肉注射美托咪定的比较

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00168.X

O. B. Ansah, M. Raekallio, O. Vainio

SUMMARY Medetomidine (200 μg/kg) was administered orally and, on a seperate occasion, im to 7 cats. Peak serum drug concentrations were reached more slowly after oral (43.6 ± 14.3 min) than after im administration (21.6 ± 10.0 min). The onset of sedation and recumbency lagged after oral administration. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 routes of administration in peak serum concentrations, systemic drug availability or extent of sedation. However, there was considerable variation in these parameters between individuals after oral administration. The extent of salivation correlated negatively with systemic drug availability after oral administration. Where excessive salivation did not occur, systemic drug availability and the depth of sedation were comparable to, or even higher than, were obtained after the corresponding im administrations. In conclusion, oral administration of medetomidine induced a clinical sedation but, when accurate dosing is a necessity, the oral route may not be very reliable due to possible drug losses through salivation.

对7只猫口服美托咪定(200 μg/kg)。口服给药后(43.6±14.3 min)达到血药浓度峰值的速度慢于口服给药后(21.6±10.0 min)。口服给药后，镇静和平卧作用的起效滞后。两种给药方式在峰值血药浓度、全身药物可获得性和镇静程度上无统计学差异。然而，口服给药后，这些参数在个体之间有相当大的差异。口服给药后，唾液分泌程度与全身药物利用度呈负相关。在未发生过度流涎的情况下，全身药物可用性和镇静深度与相应给药后的结果相当，甚至更高。综上所述，口服美托咪定可诱导临床镇静，但当需要准确给药时，口服途径可能不太可靠，因为可能通过唾液流失药物。

引用次数: 20

The pharmacokinetics of ketamine after a continuous infusion under halothane anaesthesia in horses 氟烷麻醉下持续输注氯胺酮在马体内的药代动力学

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00166.X

D. Flaherty, J. Reid, A. Nolan, A. Monteiro

SUMMARY The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine, when administered by infusion as an adjunct to halothane anaesthesia in horses, were investigated in 5 equine patients presented for routine castration. Anaesthesia was induced with detomidine, 20 μg/kg, followed by ketamine, 2.2 mg/kg bwt, the trachea intubated and the horses allowed to breathe halothane in oxygen. Five minutes later, a constant rate infusion of ketamine, 40 μg/kg min, was commenced and the halothane vaporiser concentration adjusted to maintain a light plane of anaesthesia. The mean infusion duration was 62 min (range 40–103). The ketamine was switched off approximately 15 min before the halothane. Plasma ketamine and norketamine levels, determined by high performance liquid chromatography, ranged from 0.74–2.04 μg/ml and 0.15–0.75 μg/ml, respectively, during the infusion period. The harmonic mean elimination half-life of ketamine was 46.1 min, mean volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 1365 (271) ml/kg, mean body clearance (Cl) was 32.3 (9.1) ml/min.kg, and average mean residence time for the infusion (MRTinf) was 105.9 (20.4) min, respectively. Following termination of halothane, mean times to sternal recumbency and standing were 21.1 (6.9) and 41.6 (17.0) min, respectively. Surgical conditions were considered highly satisfactory, and physiological parameters were well preserved in most animals.

摘要对5例接受常规阉割的马进行了氯胺酮在氟烷麻醉下的药效学和药代动力学研究。先用托咪定20 μg/kg麻醉，再用氯胺酮2.2 mg/kg bwt麻醉，气管插管，供氧氟烷呼吸。5分钟后，开始以40 μg/kg min等速输注氯胺酮，并调整氟烷汽化器浓度以维持轻度麻醉。平均输注时间为62分钟(范围40-103)。氯胺酮大约比氟烷早15分钟停用。高效液相色谱法测定各组大鼠血浆氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮浓度分别为0.74 ~ 2.04 μg/ml和0.15 ~ 0.75 μg/ml。氯胺酮的谐波平均消除半衰期为46.1 min，平均稳态分布体积(Vdss)为1365 (271)ml/kg，平均体清除率(Cl)为32.3 (9.1)ml/min。注射的平均停留时间(MRTinf)分别为105.9 (20.4)min。氟烷终止后，平均到胸骨平卧和站立时间分别为21.1(6.9)和41.6 (17.0)min。手术条件被认为是非常令人满意的，大多数动物的生理参数保存得很好。

{"title":"The pharmacokinetics of ketamine after a continuous infusion under halothane anaesthesia in horses","authors":"D. Flaherty, J. Reid, A. Nolan, A. Monteiro","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00166.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00166.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ketamine, when administered by infusion as an adjunct to halothane anaesthesia in horses, were investigated in 5 equine patients presented for routine castration. Anaesthesia was induced with detomidine, 20 μg/kg, followed by ketamine, 2.2 mg/kg bwt, the trachea intubated and the horses allowed to breathe halothane in oxygen. Five minutes later, a constant rate infusion of ketamine, 40 μg/kg min, was commenced and the halothane vaporiser concentration adjusted to maintain a light plane of anaesthesia. The mean infusion duration was 62 min (range 40–103). The ketamine was switched off approximately 15 min before the halothane. Plasma ketamine and norketamine levels, determined by high performance liquid chromatography, ranged from 0.74–2.04 μg/ml and 0.15–0.75 μg/ml, respectively, during the infusion period. The harmonic mean elimination half-life of ketamine was 46.1 min, mean volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 1365 (271) ml/kg, mean body clearance (Cl) was 32.3 (9.1) ml/min.kg, and average mean residence time for the infusion (MRTinf) was 105.9 (20.4) min, respectively. Following termination of halothane, mean times to sternal recumbency and standing were 21.1 (6.9) and 41.6 (17.0) min, respectively. Surgical conditions were considered highly satisfactory, and physiological parameters were well preserved in most animals.","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84739690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, blood biochemistry, plasma glucose, plasma lactate and some plasma enzymes during sufentanil/halothane anaesthesia in horses 舒芬太尼/氟烷麻醉期间马心率、平均动脉压、血液生化、血浆葡萄糖、血浆乳酸和一些血浆酶的变化

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00163.X

P. Dijk, S. K. Nyks

SUMMARY Nine horses were each anaesthetised for 40 min using SufentaniVhalothane. No surgery was performed. After premedication (detomidine 5 pgkg bwt iv) induction of anaesthesia was achieved by a combination of guaiphenesinlthiopentone. Anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation of halothane (0.8%) in oxygen. Six horses (Group 1) received 1 pgkg bwt sufentanil followed by a second injection (1 pg/kg bwt) after 20 min. Three horses (Group 2) received 2 pg/kg bwt sufentanil also followed by a second injection (2 pg/kg bwt) after 20 min. Each sufentanil injection produced a slight decrease in mean arterial blood pressure with a gradual return to the initial pressure. Bradycardia was also observed. Sufentanil injection induced apnoea needing artificial ventilation. Arterial blood was sampled for analysis during the anaesthetic procedure. At the end of anaesthesia, 1 h and 24 h after rising, venous blood was sampled to determine concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Values obtained were compared with values in blood taken before premedication. Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations just before sufentanil administration, at the end of anaesthesia and 1 h after rising were compared to control values. Plasma glucose concentration increased significantly during anaesthesia but returned to normal values 1 h after rising. All other parameters stayed within physiological ranges. In both groups spontaneous respiration returned 20–25 min after the second sufentanil injection. Recovery was uneventful.

九匹马分别使用舒芬太尼氟烷麻醉40分钟。未进行手术。用药前(托咪定5 pgkg bwt iv)用愈创苯内酯硫喷妥酮联合诱导麻醉。通过吸入含氧氟烷(0.8%)维持麻醉。6匹马(1组)接受1 pg/kg体重的舒芬太尼治疗，20分钟后再次注射(1 pg/kg体重)。3匹马(2组)接受2 pg/kg体重的舒芬太尼治疗，20分钟后再次注射(2 pg/kg体重)。每次注射舒芬太尼后，平均动脉血压略有下降，并逐渐恢复到初始血压。还观察到心动过缓。舒芬太尼注射诱导呼吸暂停需要人工通气。在麻醉过程中抽取动脉血进行分析。麻醉结束、苏醒后1 h和24 h，取静脉血测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)的浓度。将所得值与用药前采血值进行比较。将舒芬太尼给药前、麻醉结束时和麻醉后1 h的血糖和乳酸浓度与对照组进行比较。血浆葡萄糖浓度在麻醉期间明显升高，但升高1 h后恢复正常。所有其他参数都保持在生理范围内。两组患者第二次注射舒芬太尼后20 ~ 25 min恢复自主呼吸。恢复过程平淡无奇。

{"title":"Changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, blood biochemistry, plasma glucose, plasma lactate and some plasma enzymes during sufentanil/halothane anaesthesia in horses","authors":"P. Dijk, S. K. Nyks","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00163.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1998.TB00163.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Nine horses were each anaesthetised for 40 min using SufentaniVhalothane. No surgery was performed. After premedication (detomidine 5 pgkg bwt iv) induction of anaesthesia was achieved by a combination of guaiphenesinlthiopentone. Anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation of halothane (0.8%) in oxygen. Six horses (Group 1) received 1 pgkg bwt sufentanil followed by a second injection (1 pg/kg bwt) after 20 min. Three horses (Group 2) received 2 pg/kg bwt sufentanil also followed by a second injection (2 pg/kg bwt) after 20 min. Each sufentanil injection produced a slight decrease in mean arterial blood pressure with a gradual return to the initial pressure. Bradycardia was also observed. Sufentanil injection induced apnoea needing artificial ventilation. Arterial blood was sampled for analysis during the anaesthetic procedure. At the end of anaesthesia, 1 h and 24 h after rising, venous blood was sampled to determine concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Values obtained were compared with values in blood taken before premedication. Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations just before sufentanil administration, at the end of anaesthesia and 1 h after rising were compared to control values. Plasma glucose concentration increased significantly during anaesthesia but returned to normal values 1 h after rising. All other parameters stayed within physiological ranges. In both groups spontaneous respiration returned 20–25 min after the second sufentanil injection. Recovery was uneventful.","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83880154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

ABSTRACTS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SPRING MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARY ANAESTHETISTS, LONDON, 7TH-8TH APRIL 1997 1997年4月7日至8日在伦敦举行的兽医麻醉师协会春季会议上发表的科学论文摘要

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00154.x

引用次数: 0

ECVA - Past, present and future ECVA -过去，现在和未来

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00147.X

U. Schatzmann

引用次数: 1

Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists: An Introduction to the Association 兽医麻醉师协会简介

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00156.x

引用次数: 0

Armoured endotracheal tube—complications with use in pigs 铠装气管插管——在猪身上使用的并发症

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00153.x

R.E. Clutton , A. Lawrence

引用次数: 3

A simple method to correct infrared measurement of anaesthetic vapour concentration in the presence of methane 一种在甲烷存在下校正麻醉蒸气浓度红外测量的简单方法

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00152.X

P. Gootjes, Y. Moens

引用次数: 2

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀