Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition)最新文献

Objective

To evaluate the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral insertion in order to describe its anatomical features and insertion site location, with the aim of verifying if the ACL femoral insertion has individual characteristics and to provide information for appropriate femoral tunnel placement on anatomic ACL reconstruction.

Methods

Sixteen knees obtained from amputations were studied. The ACL femoral bundles and insertion shape were observed macroscopically, and the ligaments insertion length and thickness were measured with a digital caliper. The distances between the limits of the ligament to the articular cartilage, and the measurement of the area of insertion were checked using ImageJ software.

Results

The ACL femoral insertion site was eccentric, closer to the deep condyle cartilage. In ten knees (62.5%), the ACL femoral insertion was oval; the mean length of the insertion was 16.4 mm, varying from 11.3 to 19.3 mm, the mean thickness varied from 7.85 to 11.23 mm, and the mean area of the insertion was 99.7 mm², varying from 80.9 a 117.2 mm². The mean distances between the limits of the ligament to the superficial, deep, and inferior articular cartilage were 9.77 ± 1.21, 2.60 ± 1.20, and 1.86 ± 1.15 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

There was a 30% to 40% difference between the minimum and maximum results of measurements of ACL femoral insertion length, thickness, and area demonstrating an important individual variation. The insertion site was eccentric, closer to the deep cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle.

Objective

To evaluate the labral height and pullout resistance after the repair of Bankart lesions in the glenohumeral joint of swine models, using double-loaded anchors with two suture configurations: simple and Mason-Allen.

Methods

Ten swine shoulders were used, in which Bankart lesions were created. For each specimen, the lesion was sutured randomly with Mason-Allen sutures or simple sutures. The labral height was measured before the lesion was created and after the labral repair. The specimens were submitted to a tensile test for biomechanical evaluation.

Results

In specimens submitted to simple suture (n = 5), the mean labral height observed before the lesion was 3.86 mm, and after suturing, 3.33 mm. In specimens submitted to Mason-Allen suture (n = 5), it was observed that the mean labral height before the lesion was 3.92 mm, and after suturing, 3.48 mm. When comparing the labral height after simple suture and Mason-Allen suture, no significant difference was observed. The pullout force at the end of the tensile test on specimens with single suture was 130 N, and in specimens with Mason-Allen suture, 128.6 N. No statistically significant differences were observed between the shoulders treated with single suture and Mason-Allen suture; p = 0.885.

Conclusions

Repair of Bankart lesions with Mason-Allen suture provides increased labrum height; however, it does not increase the pullout strength.

Objective

Violation of the posterior femoral cortex commonly referred to as posterior wall blowout, can be a devastating intraoperative complication in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and can lead to loss of graft fixation or early graft failure. This study describes and analyzes whether the femoral tunnel view test can ensure the integrity of the femoral tunnel during ACLR.

Methods

Intraoperative femoral tunnel integrity using the 360° arthroscopic view test was performed in 584 ACLR patients between 2014 and 2016. Posterior wall blowouts were described by their location along the femoral tunnel (i.e., near the aperture or more proximal) and by the depth of the tunnel blowout (<3 mm, 3–5 mm, >5 mm), corresponding to the length of the posterior cortical wall of the violated femoral tunnel. The time spent for the test was measured during ACLR. Complications related to the femoral tunnel view test were also evaluated.

Results

The femoral tunnel view test was performed in all 584 patients. In 12 patients (1%), the femoral tunnel presented a posterior cortical blowout that did not extend beyond 3 mm. Only four patients (0.6%) presented posterior wall blowout that extended beyond 5 mm. The time for the test was 40 s (±20 s). No complications related to the test were reported.

Conclusion

The femoral tunnel view test is effective for ensuring the integrity of the femoral tunnel during ACL reconstruction, without increasing the surgical time and without an increase in the complications rate.

Clinical relevance

The femoral tunnel view test is a quick and straightforward test able to provide an adequate view of the patient's anatomy to ensure tunnel integrity during ACLR.

Objective

To analyze the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with calcaneus fractures.

Methods

This is a retrospective revision of patients with calcaneus fractures hospitalized in the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of this institution between 2006 and 2010. Data such as age, gender, laterality, trauma mechanism, type of fracture, associated injuries, compound fractures, and time from injury to surgery were analyzed.

Results

The analysis of 52 patients showed that men were more commonly affected than women, at a ratio of 5.5:1. Bilateral fractures were observed in ten cases, resulting in a total of 62 calcaneus fractures. A fall from a height was the most frequent trauma mechanism (75%), followed by motorcycle accidents (11.5%) and automobile accidents (9.6%). The most frequent fractures were intra-articular, with 47 cases. Compound fractures were observed in 15 patients (28.9%). Non-surgical management was adopted for 11 patients while 41 patients underwent surgery. The mean time between trauma and the definitive treatment was 7.8 days (range: 0–21 days), and 58.5% of cases were treated within seven days.

Conclusion

Patients with calcaneus fractures, most commonly young men, were admitted to a high complexity care hospital, victims of a fall from a height with associated injuries. The great severity of these fractures is characterized by the high prevalence of bilateral (19.2%) and compound fractures (28.9%) in this population group.

Objective

Perform the preoperative measurement of the hamstring tendons using ultrasound imaging, validating and correlating the measured value with that found during surgical reconstruction of the ligament.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 24 patients who underwent ultrasonographic measurement of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscle tendons and were subsequently submitted to surgical reconstruction of the ACL, with ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafting.

Results

The patients’ ages ranged from 16 to 43 years, with a mean of 24.8 years (SD = 8.4 years), 79.2% were men, and the distribution by side was 41.7% right knees and 58.3% left knees. A non-significant correlation coefficient was found between the area calculated by ultrasound (2 × semitendinosus area + 2 × gracilis area) and the intraoperative measurement (r = 0.16; p = 0.443). No evidence of a difference between intraoperative measurements <8 mm and ≥8 mm was found for the area calculated by the ultrasound (p = 0.746). The difference observed between the groups was −0.01 (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.07).

Conclusion

Preoperative ultrasound imaging of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons does not present a statistically significant correlation with the intraoperative measurement of the quadruple hamstring graft for ligament reconstruction.

Avulsion of the tibial tubercle is an uncommon injury that occurs in the young athlete, resulting from an eccentric contraction of the extensor mechanism with the leg fixed to the ground. Concomitant injuries to the patellar tendon are very rare, with few cases reported in the literature. The authors present a case of a 15-year-old basketball player who suffered an avulsion of the tibial tubercle associated with complete distal rupture of the patellar tendon while training. It was treated with open reduction of the tibial fragment and reconstruction of the patellar tendon with mini-anchors and cannulated screws, as well as hamstring autograft tendon reinforcement. The patient showed excellent results and returned to sports after 12 months of follow-up.

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between the UCLA and Constant-Murley scores in the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears and proximal humeral fractures (PHF).

Methods

Retrospective study evaluating patients submitted to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and surgical treatment of PHF with 2-year follow-up. Patients were evaluated by the UCLA and Constant-Murley scores in the preoperative period for the rotator cuff repairs, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery for both diagnoses. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to measure the degree of correlation between the two clinical scales.

Results

We evaluated 109 patients: 54 with rotator cuff tear and 55 with PHF. Twenty-four months after surgical treatment, the scores according to the UCLA and Constant-Murley scores were 32.6 ± 4.0 and 85.0 ± 12.0 for the rotator cuff tears and 30.3 ± 5.3 and 73.8 ± 13.9 for the PHF, demonstrating significant improvements in both, in relation to the initial evaluation (p < 0.001). The scales demonstrated high correlation (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). The scores obtained in the two scales showed high or very high correlation in all the postoperative clinical evaluations (r = 0.79–0.91, p < 0.001). The correlation was high in the preoperative evaluation (r = 0.73, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The UCLA and Constant-Murley scores presented high or very high correlation in the evaluation of surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears and PHF. The correlation in the preoperative evaluation was high.

Objectives

To describe the microscopic anatomy of the posterior cruciate ligament femoral insertion in order to identify and establish differences between the direct and indirect insertions of this ligament.

Methods

Ten cadaveric knees were used for this study. The posterior cruciate ligament femoral insertion was observed microscopically. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe the morphology of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion. Alcian blue staining was performed to determine the location of the cartilage matrix and better assist in the observation and differentiation between direct and indirect insertions.

Results

The direct insertion was observed to be a more complex structure than the indirect insertion because it showed four different histological layers (ligament, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone). Chondrocytes were observed in the uncalcified and calcified fibrocartilage layers. It was observed that the indirect insertion was composed of two layers in which the ligament was anchored directly to the bone by collagen fibers. Indirect insertion was located in the marginal region of the posterior cruciate ligament between the direct insertion and the anterior articular cartilage.

Conclusion

Through histological analysis, it was demonstrated that the indirect insertion was adjacent to the anterior articular cartilage and presents a histological pattern where the collagen fibers insert directly into the bone (two-layer insertion). The direct insertion is posterior to the indirect insertion and has four histologically distinct layers.

Objective

To analyze the number of hospital permits for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Brazil between 2008 and 2015, and correlate them with regional, national, and international demographic and epidemiological aspects.

Methods

Data on demographics, economic level, and TKA and THA were obtained from the website of the Ministry of Health/DATASUS, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and the National Health Agency to assess the assistance provided by the Public Health Care System in arthroplasties for elderly Brazilian population without private health care.

Results

The South and Southeast had the best care, with 8.07 and 6.07 TKAs/100,000 inhabitants, one TKA per 1811 and 2624 seniors, 17.3 and 10.99 THAs/100,000 inhabitants, and one THA per 923 and 1427 seniors, respectively. The worst rates were found in the North and Northeast, with 0.88 and 0.98 TKAs/100,000, one TKA per 6930 and 10,411 seniors, 0.96 and 3.25 THAs/100,000, and one THA per 6849 and 2634 seniors, respectively. The national average was 4.00 TKAs/100,000, one TKA per 3249 seniors, 8.01 THAs/100,000, and one THA per 1586 seniors. The international average was 142.8 TKAs/100,000 and 191.8 THAs/100,000.

Conclusion

The results expressed unsatisfactory results for TKA and THA in Brazil, with greater relevance in the North and Northeast.

The occurrence of permanent patellar dislocation associated with severe osteoarthritis is considered rare and difficult to treat. Literature: The literature is quite controversial on the subject. The objective of the study is to report two rare cases of severe osteoarthritis with permanent dislocation of the patella that underwent total knee arthroplasty, in addition to a review of the literature on the subject and related surgical technique. Total knee arthroplasty with using the medial parapatellar approach associated with lateral release was a good surgical option in patients with permanent patellar dislocation associated with advanced osteoarthritis.