Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Fracture behavior of high-temperature superconducting filmswith an edge slit produced by flux avalanches","authors":"Wenyu Jia ,&nbsp;Lu Jiang ,&nbsp;Cun Xue ,&nbsp;Jianlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In type-II superconducting films, the metastable state can be disrupted by flux avalanches, leading to severe degradation of the electromagnetic properties and irreversible damage to the material in even relatively lower fields. In this study, an electrical-magnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling model is developed to investigate the electromagnetic and mechanical responses of YBa₂Cu₃O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>δ</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (YBCO) superconducting films with an edge slit during the flux avalanche, taking into account the effects of the edge slit on the triggering of the first flux avalanche. The distribution of magnetic field, temperature, and stress within the superconducting film, as well as the initiation and propagation of crack is numerically simulated by combining the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method and the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), allowing for an in-depth analysis of the fracture mechanism. The results indicate that thermal stress induced by magnetic flux avalanches is the dominant driving force behind the initiation and propagation of cracks, which has also previously been observed at the trunk of the dendritic flux avalanche in the YBCO superconducting film. Detailed analyzes are performed to discuss the influence of the working temperature, magnetic field ramp rate, and edge slit geometry on crack behavior. It is found that higher working temperatures lead to larger-scale avalanches and more pronounced non-uniform temperature rises, thereby significantly increasing fracture risk. Moreover, the applied magnetic field with lower ramp rates is more likely to induce fracture during the first flux avalanche. As for edge slit geometry, smaller edge slit widths or lengths intensify local heating and thermal stress concentration, further promoting crack propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel Pre-HIP two-step annealing process for enhancing the critical current of Ba1-xKxFe2As2 superconducting tapes","authors":"Xiao Liu ,&nbsp;Hongjun Ma ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;ZhiHong Ren ,&nbsp;He Huang ,&nbsp;Yanchang Zhu ,&nbsp;Meng Han ,&nbsp;Xianping Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongliang Wang ,&nbsp;Chiheng Dong ,&nbsp;Yanwei Ma ,&nbsp;Yi Shi ,&nbsp;Jinggang Qin ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Huajun Liu ,&nbsp;Fang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron-based superconductors (IBSs) are compelling candidates for high-field magnet applications due to their excellent intrinsic properties. The hot isostatic pressing (HIP) effectively enhances their critical current density by increasing core density. However, IBS tapes are highly stress-sensitive after heat treatment. This necessitates fabricating magnets prior to the HIP process. Consequently, the requirement for large-volume HIP furnaces for full-scale magnets presents significant technological and cost barriers. To circumvent this manufacturing bottleneck, this paper introduces a novel “pre-HIP” two-step annealing process. The principle involves an initial, low-temperature HIP (pre-HIP) heat treatment on IBS tapes to achieve densification. Subsequently, the tapes are wound into the desired magnet or conductor geometry, followed by a final heat treatment at atmospheric pressure (AP). This strategy allows large-scale magnets to be treated in conventional, cost-effective furnaces. We systematically evaluated the effect of the pre-HIP temperature (370-450 °C at 50 MPa) on the transport properties and bend performance of 7-filamentary Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂ (Ba-122) tapes. Results show that pre-HIP significantly enhances the critical current. However, a critical trade-off was identified: higher pre-HIP temperatures yield superior critical performance but induce local grain growth, causing severe degradation during bending. Samples pre-HIP at 370 °C retained 78 % of their initial performance after bending to 10 mm diameter, whereas the 450 °C samples degraded significantly. This study confirms that pre-HIP is a cost-effective method to improve IBS magnet performance when the optimal temperature is selected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges of offshore direct drive high-temperature superconducting wind turbine generators","authors":"Zhen Huang ,&nbsp;Zequn Ke ,&nbsp;Tim A. Coombs","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore direct drive high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine generators, a key application of superconductors in the energy sector, are entering a phase of commercial opportunity. In the wind power industry, one clear trend is the increasing power rating of units: current models exceed 15 MW, with over 20 MW generators emerging. For such high-power units, the high power density of superconducting generators minimizes mass and material usage, thereby achieving a higher power-to-weight ratio. Beyond power scaling, another trend is the deployment of wind turbines in deep waters to tap into more abundant wind resources and reduce the need for onshore land; however, operating expenditure (OpEx) in deep waters drives increased demand for reliability. HTS generators operate without a gearbox, offering a reliability advantage—especially critical in deep waters subject to multiple excitations and strong dynamic loads. As a result, modular direct drive HTS generators are increasingly becoming the preferred choice for this scenario. Modularization—dividing the generator's rotor and stator into symmetrical sectors and assembling them at the end of the production chain—facilitates manufacturing, transportation, installation, and replacement. Notably, the price of HTS tape has been declining lately, a trend driven by the surge in compact magnetic confinement fusion reactors. This reduction lowers the capital expenditure (CapEx) of superconducting generators, enhances market competitiveness, and underpins research into high-magnetomotive force (MMF) machine designs. Nevertheless, HTS generator design and manufacturing are system-level endeavors, involving trade-offs across electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical aspects that demand targeted optimization and rigorous reliability testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bending on microstructure and transport properties of filamentized high-temperature superconductor tapes manufactured by low-cost industrial process","authors":"R. Ries ,&nbsp;M. Solovyov ,&nbsp;T. Kujovič ,&nbsp;J. Šouc ,&nbsp;F. Gömöry ,&nbsp;E. Cuninková ,&nbsp;M. Pekarčíková ,&nbsp;C. Hintze ,&nbsp;S. Landvogt ,&nbsp;C.R.H. Bahl ,&nbsp;M.B. Brock-Hansen ,&nbsp;J.J. Christiansen ,&nbsp;N. Olden-Jørgensen ,&nbsp;A.C. Wulff","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progress in the manufacturing of the 2nd generation of electrical conductors based on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) compounds, commonly known as coated conductors (CC), has sparked interest in various fields of application, including large magnetic systems for nuclear fusion and particle accelerators. To achieve the required electrical transport capacity in the kA range, tens of tapes must be assembled into a cable. Then, knowing the vulnerability of individual tapes to mechanical deformation is essential. We studied the behaviour of filamentized CC tapes with REBCO layer deposited on patterned substrate. Before this study, it was not clear whether such superconductor filamentization would affect the minimum core diameter, <em>D</em>_{<em>c,min</em>}, at which it still retains the transport capability. In the first stage, a set of 12 mm wide research samples, prepared with various number of filaments, underwent off-axis bending tests. Microstructural investigation then enabled understanding of the observed fact that the filamentary architecture did not cause any visible loss of transporting capability. In the study continuation, we compared the off-axis bending performance of short samples taken from 4 mm wide tapes produced industrially in lengths exceeding 100 m. Encouragingly, these filamentized tapes exhibited an endurance comparable to that of an equivalent non-filamentized tapes. Finally, in the last part of the study, simple models of round cables containing longer pieces (30 cm) of filamentized tape wrapped around a round core were tested. Some deterioration of performance was observed, relative to previous tests when only ∼1 cm long portion of tape was affected. Nevertheless, the observed 100 % retention of critical current when bending the 4 mm wide filamentized tape on a 5.5 mm central core represents an important input to further discussion about adopting filamentized tapes, thanks to their better electromagnetic behaviour, in cables for future nuclear fusion reactors and particle accelerator magnets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and tests of a superconducting magnet system for demonstration operation in orbit","authors":"Nicholas M. Strickland ,&nbsp;Max Goddard-Winchester ,&nbsp;Cameron Shellard ,&nbsp;Stuart C. Wimbush ,&nbsp;Jamal R. Olatunji ,&nbsp;Betina E. Pavri ,&nbsp;Xiyong Huang ,&nbsp;Benjamin P.P. Mallett ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Bouloukakis ,&nbsp;Benjamin Parkinson ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Long ,&nbsp;Avinash A. Rao ,&nbsp;Randy Pollock","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic (AF-MPD) thrusters have been proposed as highly propellant-efficient thrusters for satellites and spacecraft. The electromagnets for these devices have only been reducible to practical dimensions with the maturation of high-temperature superconductors. We report the development and ground testing of such a magnet which has been designed and constructed with the intention of deploying to the International Space Station and testing in orbit. The magnet is of dimensions suitable for accommodating a small thruster, will be cooled by a miniature space-compatible cryocooler and energized by a flux pump. It can generate a magnetic field of up to 760 mT operating at around 77 K in that configuration. A passive magnetic shield has been incorporated in order to comply with stray-field requirements of the ISS when operating at the target operational field of 300 mT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms driving robust high-temperature superconductivity in complex metal hydrides under moderate pressure","authors":"Wendi Zhao ,&nbsp;Shumin Guo ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Liu ,&nbsp;Chengda Li ,&nbsp;Defang Duan ,&nbsp;Tian Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the stabilization pressure of superconducting hydrides remains a major challenge for their practical application. While complex metal hydrides are recognized for their stability at low pressures, their promise as high-temperature superconductors has been largely overlooked. Here, we identify a family of superconducting complex transition metal hydrides (CTMHs), represented by Li₃IrH₉, and demonstrate a new mechanism for achieving robust superconductivity in this class of materials. In Li₃IrH₉, the broadening and overlap between the antibonding electronic bands of [IrH₈]^2- and adjacent H⁻ orbitals not only drive the intrinsic metallicity of the hydrogen sublattice, generating hydrogen-dominated electronic states at the Fermi level, but also soften hydrogen-related optical phonon modes, inducing strong electron-phonon coupling that remains robust even under high pressure. Li₃IrH₉ is predicted to be thermodynamically stable at 100 GPa and maintains a high <em>T</em>_c above 100 K across a broad pressure range (8–150 GPa). Other isostructural compounds such as Li₃RhH₉ (<em>T</em>_c = 124 K at 20 GPa) and Li₃CoH₉ (<em>T</em>_c = 80 K at 10 GPa) also exhibit prominent superconductivity at moderate pressures. This work provides a new platform and original theoretical insights for the development of CTMH superconductors that exhibit robust superconductivity and promising practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated single-photon detection up to 5 μm in the mid-infrared using NbN superconducting microstrip detectors","authors":"Yu-Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Wei-Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qing Zheng ,&nbsp;Jia-Hao Hu ,&nbsp;Dong-Wei Chu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao-Fu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui-Qin Yu ,&nbsp;Qian Gong ,&nbsp;Chun-Fang Cao ,&nbsp;Pu-Sheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Wen-Shuo Yu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Wu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Xing You","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate a mid-infrared superconducting microstrip single-photon detector (SMSPD) based on a 5 nm thick, 0.92-μm wide, and 50 μm long NbN microbridge. The detection sensitivity is enhanced via He⁺ ion irradiation with a high fluence of 1 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm². The SMSPD exhibits saturated internal detection efficiency over a broad spectral range from 400 nm to 5 μm at 0.32 K, with a minimum timing jitter of 28 ps (at 1064 nm). The detection current scales with photon energy as <em>α</em> ≈ −0.5, indicating vortex-assisted hotspot formation as the underlying detection mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Square filamentary MgB2 wire fabricated by the internal Mg diffusion method","authors":"P. Kováč,&nbsp;I. Hušek,&nbsp;D. Berek,&nbsp;J. Kováč,&nbsp;T. Melišek,&nbsp;M. Búran,&nbsp;L. Kopera","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well known that the highest current densities in MgB₂ superconducting wires can be achieved using the internal magnesium diffusion (IMD) method. We present a square 19-filament MgB₂ wire made by the IMD process with dominant rolling deformation, which yields a high MgB₂ filling factor of 14.2% and, consequently, a high engineering current density. Non-insulated wind-and-react coils were made from 1.1 mm to 0.68 mm wire, and their critical currents were compared with corresponding short wire samples. The threshold engineering current density of the present 19-filament MgB₂/Nb/CuNi wire<em>, J</em>_et <em>=</em> 10⁴ A cm⁻², was measured at an external field of 6.5 T and a temperature of 4.2 K, representing the best performance reported in the literature for undoped filamentary wires made by the IMD process. The presented results demonstrate progress in the quality of filamentary MgB₂ wires produced by the IMD process, which could be of interest for future DC coil applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rapid-heating process on the preparation of Nb3Sn superconductor and establishment of critical current density model","authors":"Zhan Gao ,&nbsp;Zerong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Xiao ,&nbsp;Yanan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Junsheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Qiuliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, bulk-Nb₃Sn superconductors were prepared by the powder metallurgy route under the heat treatment conditions of rapid-heating and short-holding and the effect of Cu content and rapid-heating process on the microstructure and superconducting properties of bulk-Nb₃Sn superconductors were systematically investigated. The results showed that both of critical temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>c</em>) and critical current density (<em>J</em>_<em>c</em>) of bulk samples got decreased with increasing Cu content. The rapid-heating and short-holding process exhibited a 'healing' effect on the holes in Nb₃Sn layers, significantly improving the compactness of the bulk samples. Moreover, the bulk sample, which was heat treated at 600 °C for 50 h, then induction heated to 1000 °C and isothermally held for 20 s, exhibited the highest <em>J</em>_{<em>c,non-Cu</em>} values of 2.38 × 10⁹ A/m² (at 4.2 K &amp; 6 T). And this could be attributed to the small average grain size, high content of Nb₃Sn superconducting phase, and the Cu(Sn) artificial pinning centers in the Nb₃Sn layer. Besides, Nb₃Sn wire by internal-tin method was processed using the same heat treatment schedule to validate the effectiveness of the rapid-heating process. The critical current (<em>I</em>_<em>c</em>) of the wire sample, measured via <em>V–I</em> characteristic curve at 4.2 K &amp; 6 T, was determined to be 96 A, corresponding to a <em>J</em>_{<em>c,layer</em>} value of 4593 A/mm². Moreover, a <em>J</em>_{<em>c,non-Cu</em>} model <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>4985</mn><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3.5</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>0.466</mn><msup><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>exp</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mi>y</mi><mn>0.00348</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>577</mn><mi>y</mi></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mn>0.5</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>45</mn><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mi>z</mi><mn>175</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> concerning with the microstructural parameters (<em>x</em>: superconducting phase content, <em>y</em>: average Sn content in Nb₃Sn layer, and <em>z</em>: grain size of Nb₃Sn) was proposed, providing a semi-quantitative reference to describe the <em>J</em>_{<em>c,non-Cu</em>} of bulk-Nb₃Sn superconductors. Finally, it should be noted that the relevant conclusions in this work regarding the kinetics of rapid-heating and microstructural evolution of bulk samples may require adjustment or further validation when applied to the structure of wires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical failure: A critical bottleneck for high-field high-temperature superconducting magnets","authors":"Peifeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2026.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of ultrahigh-field high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets faces a significant challenge: mechanical failure is a primary fundamental limiter of progress. In extreme cryogenic electromechanical environments, coupled multimode failures—namely interfacial delamination, intralayer fracture, substrate yielding, and buckling—form the critical bottleneck. These failure modes are intrinsically coupled: Lorentz forces generate destructive hoop stresses, thermal expansion coefficient mismatches induce radial interface-decoupling tensions, multiaxial stress states accelerate crack propagation, and cyclic loads cause irreversible performance degradation. Such mechanical failures typically precede quench events. The resolution of these issues demands convergent innovation integrating material-centric strategies, structural intelligence, and operational resilience. Overcoming this mechanical barrier is pivotal for incremental field gains and unleashing the transformative potential of HTS magnets in fusion energy, next-generation nuclear magnetic resonance, and compact medical devices. A cross-disciplinary paradigm fusing materials science, solid mechanics, and intelligent engineering is necessary to transcend this frontier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}