Women and Children Nursing最新文献

Background

Child mortality is an important measure of a population’s health status. It is included in the third sustainable development goal that aims to improve global health by reducing under-five mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births by 2030. The study determines the factors associated with under-five child mortality in Zimbabwe.

Methods

Cross-sectional secondary data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) were analyzed. The sample included 5,806 women aged 15–49 years of reproductive age. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between child death and independent variables. We identified the individual and contextual factors associated with child deaths in Zimbabwe using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

The risks of under-five mortality were highest among children of first birth order (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) ​= ​2.37, P ​= ​0.04), multiple births (aHR ​= ​2.37, P = 0.04), mothers with primary or less maternal education (aHR ​= ​1, Ref), mothers below 18 years old (aHR ​= ​1, Ref), apostolic mothers (aHR ​= ​2.90, P = 0.002), mothers who do not use contraceptives (aHR ​= ​2.20, P ​< ​0.001), formerly married women (aHR ​= ​6.42, P = 0.005), women with 5 or more children (aHR ​= ​15.84, P ​< ​0.001), women who read newspapers less than once a week (aHR ​= ​1.75, P = 0.13), and households that use high-polluting fuels (aHR ​= ​1.92, P = 0.023).

Conclusion

This study establishes that child health, maternal, socioeconomic, household, and ecological factors are important determinants of under-five mortality in Zimbabwe. Understanding these determinants is crucial for designing effective interventions and policies to reduce child mortality rates. This requires comprehensive approaches such as improving access to healthcare, education, and basic sanitation facilities; prioritizing nutrition; providing clean water; enhancing poverty reduction and immunization; and promoting breastfeeding and social empowerment, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations and marginalized communities.

Objective

To translate the self-efficacy scale for practicing pelvic floor exercises (SESPPFE) into Chinese and explore its reliability and validity among postpartum Chinese women.

Methods

The SESPPFE was translated into Chinese and adjusted for cultural adaptation. A total of 176 eligible postpartum women who visited a postpartum pelvic floor clinic in Beijing were selected for inclusion via convenience sampling from June to November 2018. The content validity, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and internal consistency were calculated.

Results

The Chinese version of the SESPPFE presented good internal consistency with a Cronbach's α of was 0.956. The original scale have three factors. The Chinese version of the scale also extract three factors by exploratory factor analysis, and named the same as the source scale, but the certain item was assigned differently. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.76% and the test-retest reliability was 0.939.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of the SESPPFE is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the self-efficacy of pelvic floor exercise performance in postpartum women.

Aim

To describe parents’ expectations concerning information sources and counseling related to media use by children up to six years of age.

Design

Qualitative descriptive design.

Methods

Data were collected by interviewing the parents (n=20) between January and March 2020. A qualitative content analysis was used.

Results

Three main themes emerged: family media use, parents’ expectations of information and counseling sources, and parents’ expectations of the content of information and counseling. Parents reported that their children’s screen time varied from one to 2 ​h per weekday. Child health clinics and Early Parenthood Education and Care Centers were the most used information and counseling sources related to children’s media use. Parents expected conversations, brochures, and advice for appropriate websites at child health clinics and parents’ evenings. They considered it important to have trustworthy websites where they could search for reliable, current, and empirical information related to children’s media use. Parents expected that the information provided would include children’s media-use recommendations, information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of children’s media use, parents’ responsibility in children’s media use, and parent-child media co-use.

India is a developing nation and has achieved a significant reduction in fertility. This study attempted to identify the trend of change in children ever born (CEB) against proximate and non-proximate factors over the 2005–2019 period. This study used secondary data from the National Family Health Survey. The count outcome “children ever born” was separately analyzed against several factors for two periods to mark the changes through a Poisson regression model. The results revealed that the mean number of CEB had declined irrespective of the factors. However, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of CEB increased particularly against certain factors. In the subsequent period, the IRR of CEB increased among women who had more than three daughters at home and were engaged in early sexual intercourse. More aggressive policies should be adopted to delay the early debut of sexual intercourse and disseminate awareness among couples that the sex of the children does not matter.

Objective

At present, a large number of research results showed that social support is highly correlated with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and self-harm during pregnancy and some adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, most studies have been cross-sectional studies on maternal social support. This longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectory of perinatal social support and associated factors.

Methods

A total of 1485 pregnant women were investigated using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) during the first trimester of pregnancy and followed up during the third trimester and postpartum period. Informed consent was obtained before the research began.

Results

PSSS scores in the first, third and postpartum periods were 68.72, 67.21, and 66.93, respectively, which exhibited a gradual downward trend with the progression of pregnancy and were related to factors such as occupation, per capita monthly income, professional postpartum care, and expectation of newborn sex (P ​< ​0.05).

Conclusion

Social support from policymakers and maternal care workers as well as adequate life and psychological support from family members should be provided to avoid adverse outcomes and emotions, such as anxiety and depression, during pregnancy.