Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology最新文献

Endometriosis is a complex and challenging medical condition characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. MRI plays a crucial role in characterizing lesions and assessing disease. Radiologists must be familiar with the diverse entities and imaging findings associated with endometriosis, considering its locations and atypical manifestations, to accurately diagnose endometriosis and formulate effective treatment plans.

On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Korean Society of Radiology, this report analyzes trends in submissions to the Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology over the past 20 years, focusing on changes by year, article type, and section. In particular, it examines the impact of the conflict between the medical community and the government since 2024 on submission patterns. While the total number of submissions peaked in 2009, and has since remained stable, recent years have seen a greater diversification in article types. The journal has continuously adapted to meet evolving academic needs. Moving forward, strategic efforts are needed to maintain the journal's identity amid external challenges that may hinder academic activity.

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare condition in which a segment or lobe of dysplastic lung tissue develops without connecting to the airways and pulmonary arteries. Hemoptysis is a potentially fatal complication of pulmonary sequestration. The current report discusses two complex cases of pulmonary sequestration. The first involves a patient with coexisting partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, in which hemoptysis was effectively managed through embolization of the abnormal systemic artery. Embolization of the anomalous pulmonary vein was not performed because the left-to-right shunt was hemodynamically insignificant. The second case involved a patient with a multi-cystic lung mass and air-fluid levels. Although embolization of the abnormal systemic artery controls hemoptysis, it also leads to prolonged complications due to aggravated inflammation. When providing endovascular treatment for pulmonary sequestration, conducting a comprehensive evaluation using pretreatment imaging is necessary to tailor the approach to each patient's unique condition.

Valgus extension overload syndrome encompasses a spectrum of soft tissue and osseous changes occurring in the elbow of athletes participating in throwing or overhead sports, with manifestations varying by skeletal maturity. The three main components of valgus extension overload at the elbow are medial tensile stress, lateral compressive forces, and posteromedial shear, collectively known as thrower's elbow. Significant valgus stresses are placed on the medial elbow during the late cocking and acceleration phases of throwing. Understanding the biomechanics of the throwing motion is essential to recognize characteristic adaptive changes occurring in the throwing athlete and identify typical injury patterns occurring in the medial, lateral and posteromedial elbow as a result of repetitive valgus overload. It is imperative to recognize the full spectrum of injuries that can occur from valgus extension overload in the skeletally mature and immature throwing athletes for accurate diagnosis, effective clinical management and informed return-to-play decisions.

Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of abnormal proteinaceous material. Localized amyloidosis in the urogenital system, particularly in the ureter, is rare. Localized amyloidosis of the ureter is often confused with other conditions such as urothelial carcinoma because of similar radiological findings. We report a case of an asymptomatic 74-year-old female who demonstrated multifocal wall thickening of the unilateral ureter and ureterovesical junction on CT and and was mistaken for urothelial carcinoma; however, her condition was diagnosed as localized amyloidosis of the ureter by surgical resection.

MRI plays a vital role in obtaining high-quality images for evaluating the complex anatomical structures of the musculoskeletal system. However, its long acquisition time can lead to patient discomfort and motion artifacts, which degrade image quality. To overcome this limitation, parallel imaging techniques such as Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) and GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partial Parallel Acquisition (GRAPPA) were developed, followed by compressed sensing, which reconstructs images from undersampled k-space data using iterative methods. More recently, deep learning-based image reconstruction techniques have emerged, offering improved signal-to-noise ratio and higher acceleration factors. Recent studies evaluating various joints-including the spine, knee, ankle, and shoulder-have shown that deep learning-based reconstruction significantly reduces scan times while maintaining image quality and diagnostic performance comparable to conventional methods, supporting broader clinical application. Additionally, ongoing research aims to enhance image resolution in low-field MRI systems and correct various artifacts, further expanding the potential of these advanced techniques.

Occult breast cancer presenting with axillary lymph node metastasis refers to carcinoma of unknown primary origin that is consistent with metastatic breast cancer initially presenting with axillary metastasis, without clinical or imaging evidence of a definitive primary breast tumor. The standardized treatment and prognosis of occult breast cancer remain unknown owing to its rarity. Herein, we report a case of a 59-year-old woman with occult breast cancer who presented with axillary metastasis. A comprehensive evaluation, including a thorough review of breast examination findings such as mammography and ultrasonography, breast MRI, lymph node biopsy with immunohistochemistry analysis, additional whole-body PET-CT, and testing for other tumor markers, can be crucial in diagnosing occult breast cancer. Therefore, effective communication among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists throughout the diagnostic process, along with clear explanations to patients, is crucial for diagnosing this rare occult breast cancer.

Before initiating Yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization, both the interventional radiology and nuclear medicine departments must prepare facilities for radionuclide handling, implement appropriate radiation protection and monitoring measures, and ensure that all medical personnel possess the required government-issued certification. According to current guidelines, transarterial radioembolization is recommended as an alternative treatment option for patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma measuring ≤8 cm and classified as stage I, II, or III according to the modified Union for International Cancer Control staging system. However, these indications may be adjusted based on the institution's medical clinical setting and resources. Given the potential for irreversible tissue damage from ⁹⁰Y, treatment efficacy and safety must be assessed through planning angiography and either planar imaging or SPECT-CT using ^99mTc-macroaggregated albumin.