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Introduction: Since 1907, multiple transposition procedures have been established for the treatment of abducens paralysis. The purpose of the study was to determine where the transposed muscle should be reattached in order to increase the tangential force necessary to improve abduction.

Methods: Retrospective case review of 12 consecutive patients with abducens paralysis who underwent transposition procedures between 2016 and 2019 was conducted. Vertical rectus muscles are transposed to the insertion of lateral rectus muscle; the temporal parts are joined and sutured to the sclera on top of the lateral rectus muscle in the middle of the insertion. The nasal parts are sutured to the sclera following the spiral of Tillaux. The muscle junction suture is placed 8 mm from the insertion, with the temporal parts of the vertical muscles bellies joined and sutured to the lateral rectus muscle. A full-tendon transposition was performed on 11 patients, a half-tendon transposition procedure on 1 patient. The minimum follow-up was 3 months.

Results: The mean preoperative deviation was ET of 37° (range: ET 24° to ET 51°). The mean preoperative abduction limitation was 5 mm from midline (range: 7 to 1 mm). The postoperative mean deviation was ET of 2° (range: 0° to ET 5°). The postoperative mean abduction improvement was 5 mm past midline (range: 2-6 mm). There were no complications or signs of anterior segment ischemia.

Conclusion: To achieve the maximal abductive force from the transposed muscles, we suggest that the vertical muscles be reattached as close as possible to the middle of the lateral rectus insertion.

Introduction: Life satisfaction is a strong indicator of well-being for older adults. In this study, we aimed to assess the level and correlates of life satisfaction among older adults in urban and rural Mongolia.

Methods: We recruited 304 community-dwelling older adults in urban and rural regions of Mongolia. We compared levels of life satisfaction for the two groups, and then used hierarchical regression to examine the association of sociodemographic, health, psychosocial factors, and urban/rural status with life satisfaction.

Results: Older adults in urban areas reported higher levels of life satisfaction than their rural counterparts. In the final step of the hierarchical regression model, more grandchildren in the household, better self-rated health, and reporting more positive than negative affect were associated with better life satisfaction at p < 0.05 as were engaging in paid work and lower levels of loneliness at p < 0.10. Net the effects of all other variables in the analysis, older adults in rural areas reported lower levels of life satisfaction.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that living in rural areas of Mongolia leads to lower levels of life satisfaction. We identify potential points to intervene through policies, programs, and practices that target the strengths and needs of older adults in rural areas by addressing inequities in socioeconomics, health, mental health, and opportunities for social integration.

Introduction: Early detection of dysphagia risk, initiating rehabilitation, and resumption of appropriate diet based on swallowing function is important during deep neck infection (DNI) control. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of cervical abscess development, particularly in the deep neck space, and its relationship to postoperative swallowing function.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all DNI cases treated between April 2015 and April 2021. Deep neck spaces were divided into categories based on computed tomography findings. Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores of 4 or higher was defined as normal or slight swallowing disorder and 3 or lower as dysphagia.

Results: Seventeen cases were included in the analysis. Based on FOIS, 14 cases were classified into the dysphagia group at 2 weeks after surgery, 11 cases at 4 weeks, and 8 cases at 8 weeks. There was no significant difference between the location of the abscess and dysphagia at 2 weeks after surgery. Patients with anterior cervical space abscess significantly increased dysphagia 4 weeks (p = 0.018) and 8 weeks (p = 0.036) after surgery.

Conclusion: Abscess formation in the anterior cervical space may be associated with prolonged dysphagia after treatment due to inflammation and scarring of the muscles associated with swallowing.

In this review, we discuss the current state of population genome programs (PGPs) conducted in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. This region has high prevalence of genetic diseases and significant health challenges as well as being a significantly underrepresented population in public genetic databases. The majority of ongoing PGPs represent regions in Europe, North and South America, South Asia, Australia, and Africa, with little to no descriptive information highlighted only on the MENA Region when it comes to genome programs databases, outcomes, or the challenges that MENA region countries may face establishing their own national programs. This review has identified 6 PGPs currently underway in the MENA region, namely in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Iran. Due to the rapidly growing involvement of the MENA region in national-scale genomic data collection, an increase in representation in public genetic databases is to be expected to occur in the near future. Whilst significant progress is being made in some MENA countries, future initiatives as well as ongoing programs will be facing several challenges related to collaboration, finance, infrastructure and institutional data access, data analysis, sustainability, health records, and biobanks. The review also reiterates the need for ensuring ethical and regulated genomic initiatives which can drive developments in personalized medicine treatments to improve patient prognosis and quality of life.