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Blockchain Applications and Challenges in Smart grid 区块链在智能电网中的应用与挑战
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627297
Zahraoui Younes, Ibrahim Alhamrouni, S. Mekhilef, M. R. B. Khan
Recently the interest in renewable energy has been increased worldwide. Therefore, the microgrid is considered more efficient and flexibility to improve the economic and environmental conditions by integrating the traditional distributed energy resources using technology devices and information technology (IT). Blockchain is one of these technologies, which has attracted in microgrid applications to build a sustainable society. The blockchain concept can provides immutability of the transactions in the microgrid such as record the amount of power generation and verify the transaction between the generators and end-users. blockchain based smart contract can be used for audit or solving a transaction dispute between the producers and the users by strip the necessity to link with third parties. In this paper, we present a number of recent research works related with blockchain application in microgrid and the application of the blockchain to improve the transactive resilience in the microgrid using smart contract.
最近,全世界对可再生能源的兴趣增加了。因此,利用技术设备和信息技术(IT)整合传统的分布式能源资源,微电网被认为更加高效和灵活,可以改善经济和环境状况。区块链就是其中一项技术,它吸引了微电网的应用,以建立一个可持续的社会。区块链概念可以提供微电网中交易的不变性,例如记录发电量,验证发电机和最终用户之间的交易。基于区块链的智能合约可以通过剥离与第三方链接的必要性,用于审计或解决生产者和用户之间的交易争议。在本文中,我们介绍了一些与区块链在微电网中的应用相关的最新研究工作,以及区块链在使用智能合约提高微电网交易弹性方面的应用。
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引用次数: 6
Multiple Input Single Output Converter with Uneven Load Sharing Control for Improved Efficiency 采用非均匀负载分担控制的多输入单输出变换器,提高效率
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627255
Kristen Y Chan, Taufik, R. Hasanah, Suprapto, M. P. Jati, A. Nasuha
This paper presents the development of multiple-input single-output converter (MISO) with uneven load sharing controller. The premise of this study is to create uneven load current sharing between the converters at different loading conditions in order to maximize the efficiency of the overall MISO converter. The goal is to find a proper ratio of current from each converter to the total load current to achieve the greatest efficiency. The design and operation of the converter was tested and verified through simulation and hardware implementation. Different ratios of current from each converter were used to fully test the MISO converter. For the 5A and 6A load current, the maximum efficiencies were reached with the 70%/30% ratio case, with efficiencies of 94.91% and 95.07%, respectively. For 7A load current, the maximum efficiency was reached with the 60%/40% ratio case, with an efficiency of 94.59%. Results also demonstrate that the efficiency of the unequal current sharing outperforms that obtained from the equal current sharing method.
本文介绍了带非均匀负荷分担控制器的多输入单输出变换器(MISO)的研制。本研究的前提是在不同负载条件下,在变流器之间产生不均匀的负载电流分担,从而使整个MISO变流器的效率最大化。目标是找到一个适当的比例电流从每个转换器到总负载电流,以实现最大的效率。通过仿真和硬件实现对变换器的设计和运行进行了验证。采用不同变换器的电流比对MISO变换器进行了全面测试。对于5A和6A负载电流,在70%/30%的情况下效率最高,分别为94.91%和95.07%。当负载电流为7A时,在60%/40%的情况下效率最高,为94.59%。结果还表明,非等电流共享方法的效率优于等电流共享方法。
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引用次数: 0
Photovoltaic Emulator using Particle Swarm Optimization 基于粒子群算法的光伏仿真
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627256
R. Ayop, Chee Wei Tan, Mohd. Zaki Daud, S. Ayob, Awang Bin Jusoh, M. Sahid
The photovoltaic (PV) emulator (PVE) is a specialized power supply that generates the same output as the PV module. However, the conventional control strategy called the direct referencing method (DRM) used for the PVE has oscillation problem. The problem is caused by the dependency of the DRM on the external components to compute the operating point. This problem can be overcome if the operating point is computed internally. This paper proposed a control strategy that compute the operating point internally using the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The resistance comparison method is chosen to implement the PSO into the PVE. The proposed PVE is compared with the conventional PVE that uses the DRM control strategy. Both PVEs use the similar buck converter, proportional-integral controller, and single diode model for a fair comparison. The result shows that the proposed PVE has no lower oscillation and higher accuracy when compared to the conventional PVE.
光伏(PV)模拟器(PVE)是一种专用电源,它产生与光伏模块相同的输出。然而,用于PVE的传统控制策略直接参考法(DRM)存在振荡问题。这个问题是由于DRM依赖于计算操作点的外部组件造成的。如果在内部计算工作点,就可以克服这个问题。提出了一种利用粒子群优化(PSO)内部计算工作点的控制策略。采用电阻比较法将PSO实现到PVE中。将所提出的PVE与采用DRM控制策略的传统PVE进行了比较。两个pve使用相似的降压转换器、比例积分控制器和单二极管模型进行公平的比较。结果表明,与传统的PVE相比,该PVE具有较低的振荡和较高的精度。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Copyright IEEE版权
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/cencon51869.2021.9627266
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引用次数: 0
2019 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON) 2019 IEEE能源转换会议(CENCON)
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/cencon47160.2019
G. R. Ramadhan, B. Sudiarto
The growing need for highly reliable and efficient power supply of renewable energy resources and new sizeable loads necessitated novel ways to transfer electric power between them. In the current configuration, transformers are passive devices that do not enable dc systems to connect of interface the electric grid with other energy grids. With the growth of power devices and power electronic converters, direct current transmission and distribution systems using medium or high voltage provide power flow control between various energy networks. This talk would highlight power electronics technologies for the highly reliable dc transmission and distribution systems. Various configurations of solid-state transformer (SST) would be introduced especially modular multi-cell power converters among the configurations. Special focuses are paid on two different modulation strategies for reducing power losses and providing tolerant ability of switching device failures in modular multilevel converters. 2019 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON) 8 S1-1: Power Quality Room: Ball Room Karaton Time: 13:00 14:00 13:00 The 9-150 kHz Disturbance Characteristics of a Grid-connected Rooftop Photovoltaic System Gusdhi Rhazhya Ramadhan and Budi Sudiarto (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia) Abstract: The usage of renewable energy is increasing in many countries, Indonesia included. This spike of interest is supported by its environmental-friendly nature and the fact that it is one of the most effective ways to combat global warming. Solar power plants are electricity generators with the ability to convert solar energy to electricity by using solar panels.However, solar power plants are indubitably dependent on solar energy, which can cause a fluctuation of output because solar energy is affected by weather and the cloud's condition.Generally, solar power plants have a power electronics component called an inverter. Inverters are used to convert the output of solar panels, the direct current (DC), to alternating current (AC). The usage of power electronics such as inverters plus the fluctuation of the solar panel commonly cause disturbances .Inverters usually have a switching rate higher than 1 kHz, which can cause disturbance in the range of 9-150 kHz throughout the whole system.However, there is little to none standardization regarding how much emission it is allowed to radiate at the 9-150Khz. With the aforementioned concerns in mind, this writing discusses research regarding the characteristics of disturbance on the 9-150Khz frequency on the On-Grid solar power plants located at SPBU Kuningan .Measurement is done on the output side of the solar inverter. The results of research shows that the disturbance produced remains constant in correlation with changes in irradiance or power, however the disturbance produced increases as the power output changes during a short interval. The usage of renewable energy is increasing in many countries, Indonesia included. This
对可再生能源的高可靠性和高效率的电力供应和新的大负荷的需求日益增长,需要在它们之间传输电力的新方法。在目前的配置中,变压器是无源设备,它不能使直流系统连接或接口电网与其他电网。随着电力设备和电力电子变换器的发展,使用中高压的直流输配电系统在各种能源网络之间提供潮流控制。本讲座将重点介绍用于高可靠性直流输配电系统的电力电子技术。本文将介绍固态变压器(SST)的各种结构,特别是其中的模块化多单元功率变换器。重点研究了模块化多电平变换器中两种不同的调制策略,以降低功率损耗并提供开关器件故障的容忍度。2019 IEEE能源转换会议(CENCON) 8(1-1):电能质量房间:Ball Room Karaton时间:13:00 14:00 13:00并网屋顶光伏系统的9- 150khz扰动特性Gusdhi Rhazhya Ramadhan和Budi Sudiarto(印度尼西亚大学,印度尼西亚)摘要:可再生能源的使用在包括印度尼西亚在内的许多国家都在增加。它的环保特性和它是对抗全球变暖最有效的方法之一,支持了人们对它的兴趣激增。太阳能发电厂是一种能够利用太阳能板将太阳能转化为电能的发电机。然而,太阳能发电厂无疑是依赖太阳能的,由于太阳能受天气和云层状况的影响,这可能会导致发电量的波动。一般来说,太阳能发电厂有一个叫做逆变器的电力电子元件。逆变器用于将太阳能电池板的输出,直流电(DC)转换为交流电(AC)。逆变器等电力电子设备的使用加上太阳能电池板的波动通常会引起干扰。逆变器的开关率通常高于1khz,这可能会在整个系统中引起9- 150khz范围内的干扰。然而,关于允许在9-150Khz辐射多少辐射,几乎没有标准化。考虑到上述问题,本文讨论了关于位于SPBU Kuningan的并网太阳能发电厂9-150Khz频率上的扰动特性的研究。测量是在太阳能逆变器的输出侧完成的。研究结果表明,随着辐照度或功率的变化,产生的扰动保持恒定,但随着功率输出在短时间内的变化,产生的扰动增大。在包括印度尼西亚在内的许多国家,可再生能源的使用正在增加。它的环保特性和它是对抗全球变暖最有效的方法之一,支持了人们对它的兴趣激增。太阳能发电厂是一种能够利用太阳能板将太阳能转化为电能的发电机。然而,太阳能发电厂无疑是依赖太阳能的,由于太阳能受天气和云层状况的影响,这可能会导致发电量的波动。一般来说,太阳能发电厂有一个叫做逆变器的电力电子元件。逆变器用于将太阳能电池板的输出,直流电(DC)转换为交流电(AC)。逆变器等电力电子设备的使用加上太阳能电池板的波动通常会引起干扰。逆变器的开关率通常高于1khz,这可能会在整个系统中引起9- 150khz范围内的干扰。然而,关于允许在9-150Khz辐射多少辐射,几乎没有标准化。考虑到上述问题,本文讨论了关于位于SPBU Kuningan的并网太阳能发电厂9-150Khz频率上的扰动特性的研究。测量是在太阳能逆变器的输出侧完成的。研究结果表明,随着辐照度或功率的变化,产生的扰动保持恒定,但随着功率输出在短时间内的变化,产生的扰动增大。 所设计的PI控制器具有良好的动态响应性能,稳定时间为3.49 ms。此外,还成功地产生了正弦栅极电流。电网电流的总谐波失真指数为2.61%。提出了一种三相电压源逆变器,将轻轨车辆的制动能量传输回电网。该方案节省了大量采购储能模块的成本。然而,这引起了人们对电网的一些担忧
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引用次数: 0
Review of Market Clearing Method for Blockchain-Based P2P Energy Trading in Microgrid 基于区块链的微电网P2P能源交易市场清算方法综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627254
N. Kajaan, Z. Salam, Raja Zahilah Raja Md Radzi
The peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading creates a platform for all microgrid users to exchange their energy surplus and demand without the presence of a centralized authority. With P2P, the dynamic electricity market between nodes will be developed, thus increasing the overall throughput of the microgrid. To ensure the energy transactions in local energy trading meet the highest level of integrity, the blockchain system is implemented. Appropriate classification and structuring the literature on viable designs for local energy trading can assist researchers in effectively developing their subsequent planning for the local energy market. This study reviews the current research related to market clearing methods for blockchain-based P2P energy trading for microgrid system. The focus is on the auction theory, constrained optimization, game theory and agent methods.
点对点(P2P)能源交易为所有微电网用户创造了一个平台,可以在没有中央集权的情况下交换他们的能源盈余和需求。通过P2P,将开发节点间的动态电力市场,从而提高微电网的整体吞吐量。为了确保本地能源交易中的能源交易达到最高水平的完整性,我们实施了区块链系统。对当地能源交易可行设计的文献进行适当的分类和组织,可以帮助研究人员有效地制定当地能源市场的后续规划。本文综述了基于区块链的微电网P2P能源交易市场清算方法的研究现状。重点研究了拍卖理论、约束优化、博弈论和代理方法。
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引用次数: 3
Comparison of efficiency of Double Conversion UPS with LC, LCL and LCL with damping resistor filters 采用LC、LCL和带阻尼电阻滤波器的LCL双转换UPS的效率比较
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627288
Robinson Kong, Lee Kar Kuan, Mohd. Zaki Daud
Technology advancement is currently rising at a rapid rate. This increases the demands for digital electronics industry in Malaysia. However, there is one issue when it comes to electronics, it is susceptible to power disturbance. Power disturbance can be categorized into six types which are transients, interruptions, undervoltage, overvoltage, waveform distortion and voltage fluctuations. In this study, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) using double-conversion technique is presented due to its ability to provide adequate power conditioning and backup power in power disturbance situation. The simulation and designing of the converters such as rectifier, boost converter and inverter are presented using the MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the UPS system was able to provide a continuous power supply with acceptable THD levels.
技术进步目前正以快速的速度上升。这增加了马来西亚对数字电子工业的需求。然而,当涉及到电子产品时,有一个问题,它容易受到电源干扰。电力干扰可分为六种类型,即瞬态、中断、欠压、过压、波形失真和电压波动。本研究提出一种采用双转换技术的不间断电源(UPS),可在电力干扰情况下提供足够的电力调节和备用电源。利用MATLAB/Simulink对整流、升压、逆变等变换器进行了仿真与设计。仿真结果表明,该UPS系统能够在可接受的THD水平下提供连续供电。
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引用次数: 1
Quasi-Z-Source Four-Switch Three-Phase Inverter With Split Capacitor DC-Link Voltage Input 分容直流电压输入的准z源四开关三相逆变器
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627275
Izni Binti Mustafar, Naziha Binti Ahmad Azli, Norjulia Binti Mohamad Nordin
This paper proposes a new quasi-Z-source (QZS) four-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) where one load phase is connected to the split DC-link capacitor of the input voltage. Compared to the conventional QZS-FSTP topology, the proposed topology eliminates the LC component's instability in the QZS network thus making it suitable for a fault-tolerant control system. Furthermore, the proposed topology does not require any additional active switches. The switching modulation technique is designed to control the proposed topology where a DC-link voltage compensation is introduced in the modulation algorithm. This technique minimizes the output voltage imbalance by sensing the split DC-link voltage error and adjusting the switching algorithm accordingly. The dynamic performance of the proposed topology is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. It is shown that by using the proposed topology; there is an improvement on the line-to-line output voltage, and reduction in the total harmonic distortion of the line-to-line voltage compared to the previous topology. The proposed topology also produces a similar boost factor as the conventional QZS based on the six-switch three-phase inverter (SSTPI). The theoretical analysis based on the proposed topology are also in line with the simulation results.
本文提出了一种新的准z源(QZS)四开关三相逆变器(FSTPI),其中一个负载相连接到输入电压的分路直流电容上。与传统的QZS- fstp拓扑结构相比,所提出的拓扑结构消除了QZS网络中LC组件的不稳定性,从而使其适用于容错控制系统。此外,所建议的拓扑不需要任何额外的活动交换机。设计了开关调制技术来控制所提出的拓扑结构,其中在调制算法中引入了直流链路电压补偿。该技术通过检测分路直流电压误差并相应调整开关算法,最大限度地减少输出电压不平衡。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下对该拓扑结构的动态性能进行了评估。结果表明:采用所提出的拓扑结构;与以前的拓扑结构相比,在线对线输出电压上有了改进,并且减少了线对线电压的总谐波失真。所提出的拓扑结构也产生与基于六开关三相逆变器(SSTPI)的传统QZS相似的升压因数。基于所提拓扑的理论分析与仿真结果一致。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Analysis of FCS-MPC Using the Generalized Formulation and Euler Method on SBBMLI 基于SBBMLI的FCS-MPC广义公式和欧拉法性能分析
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627244
A. Abdullah, S. M. Idrus, S. Ayob
This research addresses two finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) methods employed on the switched-battery boost-multilevel inverter (SBBMLI). The simulation analysis begins with the generalized formulation and follows with the Euler method of the FCS-MPC. The performance of the generalized formulation is considered at the capacitor connected in parallel with the load. Meanwhile, the Euler method is considered at the actual load of different configurations. A simulation analysis of a switched-battery boost-multilevel inverter (SBBMLI) is therefore designed and analyzed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The FCS-MPC control module with the two methods is implemented to confirm the performance of their operation using Matlab Simulink simulation. For the stated case study, a 0.21% to 1.25% increment of THD in the generalized SBBMLI problem formulation compared with the FCS-MPC using the Euler method and the tracking problem is an acceptable limit for the FCS-MPC performance deterioration.
研究了开关电池升压多电平逆变器(SBBMLI)的两种有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)方法。仿真分析从FCS-MPC的广义公式开始,然后采用欧拉法进行。在电容器与负载并联时,考虑了广义公式的性能。同时,考虑了不同构型的实际荷载情况下的欧拉法。因此,设计并分析了开关电池升压多电平逆变器(SBBMLI)的仿真分析,以证明该方法的有效性。利用Matlab Simulink仿真验证了两种方法的FCS-MPC控制模块的运行性能。对于上述案例研究,与使用欧拉方法和跟踪问题的FCS-MPC相比,广义SBBMLI问题公式中的THD增量为0.21%至1.25%,这是FCS-MPC性能恶化的可接受极限。
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引用次数: 1
A Refined Predictive Torque Control for Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter of Induction Motor 感应电机双电平电压源逆变器的精细化预测转矩控制
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/CENCON51869.2021.9627249
R. Alik, N. M. Nordin, N. Idris
This paper presents a refined finite-state predictive torque control (FS-PTC) for two-level Voltage Source Inverter (2L-VSI) of induction motor (IM) by introducing a specific voltage vector selection lookup table to the algorithm. The concept behind this method is to decrease the number of voltage vectors (VVs) instead of using seven voltage vectors (VVs) to test the cost function, resulting in a substantial reduction in the algorithm's analytical terms. MATLAB/ Simulink is used to analyze the efficiency of the refined algorithm under torque dynamic condition (staircase speed reference). The results of the simulations indicate that the refined algorithms able to regulate torque performance but not the stator flux performance or the total harmonic distortion (THD) stator current. Nevertheless, by increasing the weighting factor, it could reduce the flux ripple and decrease the THD current.
本文通过引入特定的电压矢量选择查找表,提出了一种改进的感应电机双电平电压源逆变器有限状态预测转矩控制(FS-PTC)。这种方法背后的概念是减少电压矢量(vv)的数量,而不是使用七个电压矢量(vv)来测试成本函数,从而大大减少了算法的分析项。利用MATLAB/ Simulink对改进算法在转矩动态条件下(阶梯转速参考)的效率进行了分析。仿真结果表明,改进算法能够调节转矩性能,但不能调节定子磁链性能和总谐波失真(THD)定子电流。然而,通过增加权重因子,可以减小磁通脉动,减小THD电流。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2021 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON)
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