Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.07
V. Verma
Trade activities through the ages have promoted interactions between distant lands connected by the networks of routes. Ancient Tamil region too participated actively in the process of exchange which was facilitated by overland routes and waterways. The diverse physiographic features of Tamilakam necessitated the commodities trade with different regions. Besides the land routes linking various parts of the subcontinent, maritime networks served as important means of communication with other countries. Although literary texts including the foreign accounts throw significant lights in this regard, archeological discoveries supplement with the information that helps in better understanding in order to draw inferences in the context of trade and commerce. This paper focuses upon the excavated remains found at important sites such as Arikamedu, Uraiyur, Korkai, Alagankulam, Poompuhar (Kaveripattinam), Porunthal, Kodumanal Karur and Pattanam (Muciri/Muziris), which enable us to draw an outline of the trade routes in ancient period. The antiquities attest to the presence of various routes for establishing contacts with the coastal and inland centres.
{"title":"TRADE ROUTES OF EARLY TAMILAKAM - A STUDY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES","authors":"V. Verma","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Trade activities through the ages have promoted interactions between distant lands connected by the networks of routes. Ancient Tamil region too participated actively in the process of exchange which was facilitated by overland routes and waterways. The diverse physiographic features of Tamilakam necessitated the commodities trade with different regions. Besides the land routes linking various parts of the subcontinent, maritime networks served as important means of communication with other countries. Although literary texts including the foreign accounts throw significant lights in this regard, archeological discoveries supplement with the information that helps in better understanding in order to draw inferences in the context of trade and commerce. This paper focuses upon the excavated remains found at important sites such as Arikamedu, Uraiyur, Korkai, Alagankulam, Poompuhar (Kaveripattinam), Porunthal, Kodumanal Karur and Pattanam (Muciri/Muziris), which enable us to draw an outline of the trade routes in ancient period. The antiquities attest to the presence of various routes for establishing contacts with the coastal and inland centres.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134052820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.08
Som Majumdar
The purpose of this article is to identify a sculptural specimen of Khasarpana Avalokitesvara which has been incorrectly identified as Buddha by Sudhir Ranjan Das and the specimen is popularly known as Raghunath or Vishnu. While assigning a date to this specimen on stylistic ground, this Khasarpana Avalokitesvara appears to be similar with the Mahakali specimen of Khasarpana Avalokisvara kept in the National Museum of Bangladesh in Dhaka. Claudine Bautze Picron compared the stylistic features of various images and enabled grouping them within a specific chronological bracket through which the direction of the movement of stone carvers from Bihar to Bengal can be assumed between ninth to twelfth century CE. The Khasarpana Avalokitesvara of Amarkundu helps us bridge the temporal and spatial gap of transmission of stylistic features and understand their variations.
{"title":"A NEW INTERPRETATION OF A BUDDHIST IMAGE FROM AMARKUNDU, MURSHIDABAD","authors":"Som Majumdar","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to identify a sculptural specimen of Khasarpana Avalokitesvara which has been incorrectly identified as Buddha by Sudhir Ranjan Das and the specimen is popularly known as Raghunath or Vishnu. While assigning a date to this specimen on stylistic ground, this Khasarpana Avalokitesvara appears to be similar with the Mahakali specimen of Khasarpana Avalokisvara kept in the National Museum of Bangladesh in Dhaka. Claudine Bautze Picron compared the stylistic features of various images and enabled grouping them within a specific chronological bracket through which the direction of the movement of stone carvers from Bihar to Bengal can be assumed between ninth to twelfth century CE. The Khasarpana Avalokitesvara of Amarkundu helps us bridge the temporal and spatial gap of transmission of stylistic features and understand their variations.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131533921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.04
Salam Shyam Singh
A large number of memorial stones, numerous anthropic holes, few “Y” shaped wooden posts and one petroglyph site were found at Lianpui during the course of village to village survey for antiquarian remains in the villages of Mizoram in 2011. One of the unique features of the memorial stones of Lianpui village are the elaborate and intricate carvings of various motifs. They have depiction of a central human figure along with other figures, birds, animals, mithun heads, gongs, lizard, etc. Similar motifs are also found parallel to the petroglyph found at this village. It is proposed to discuss these remains that reflect the culture of the Mizos prior to their adoption of Christianity and forsaking of past practices.
{"title":"HERO STONES AND OTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF LIANPUI MIZORAM","authors":"Salam Shyam Singh","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.04","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of memorial stones, numerous anthropic holes, few “Y” shaped wooden posts and one petroglyph site were found at Lianpui during the course of village to village survey for antiquarian remains in the villages of Mizoram in 2011. One of the unique features of the memorial stones of Lianpui village are the elaborate and intricate carvings of various motifs. They have depiction of a central human figure along with other figures, birds, animals, mithun heads, gongs, lizard, etc. Similar motifs are also found parallel to the petroglyph found at this village. It is proposed to discuss these remains that reflect the culture of the Mizos prior to their adoption of Christianity and forsaking of past practices.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128950317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.10
S. Sandhu
The handicrafts, textiles and arts of Kashmir are famous all over the world. The shawls ad carpets are probably the most recognisable of all Indian textiles and have a high prestige value associated with them. The crafts of Kashmir have naturalistic motifs on them, which are further developed in their designs and aesthetics. The Chinar leaf motif is one such and possibly the most recognisable of all. It is native to the Kashmir valley and is not found on any other art form from other parts of the country. It is one of the traditional motifs and is profusely used on all handicrafts and textiles of this region. In fact, the presence of the chinar motif is one of the identification markof Kashmiri products. Today it is popular amongst the tourists and has a high souvenir value. This paper documents the usage, depiction and popularity of the Chinar leaf motif. It also seeks to examine its historical background, changes and development. To understand the deep importance this motif has, interviews were conducted with local artisans, craftsmen, merchants and dealers of various crafts. Visits were also made to the local cottage industries and studios of the workmen to study its reproduction and development. This work will help to throw light on this motif, as there are very few studies which focus on the Chinar leaf design. It is important that we document and study this motif, as it is indigenous to this area and also as the Chinar tree itself has a significant cultural and religious value.
{"title":"THE CHINAR LEAF MOTIF OF KASHMIR: AN INSIGHT INTO ITS DEPICTION AND USAGE","authors":"S. Sandhu","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.10","url":null,"abstract":"The handicrafts, textiles and arts of Kashmir are famous all over the world. The shawls ad carpets are probably the most recognisable of all Indian textiles and have a high prestige value associated with them. The crafts of Kashmir have naturalistic motifs on them, which are further developed in their designs and aesthetics. The Chinar leaf motif is one such and possibly the most recognisable of all. It is native to the Kashmir valley and is not found on any other art form from other parts of the country. It is one of the traditional motifs and is profusely used on all handicrafts and textiles of this region. In fact, the presence of the chinar motif is one of the identification markof Kashmiri products. Today it is popular amongst the tourists and has a high souvenir value. This paper documents the usage, depiction and popularity of the Chinar leaf motif. It also seeks to examine its historical background, changes and development. To understand the deep importance this motif has, interviews were conducted with local artisans, craftsmen, merchants and dealers of various crafts. Visits were also made to the local cottage industries and studios of the workmen to study its reproduction and development. This work will help to throw light on this motif, as there are very few studies which focus on the Chinar leaf design. It is important that we document and study this motif, as it is indigenous to this area and also as the Chinar tree itself has a significant cultural and religious value.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131478317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.05
A. Singh
This paper seeks to understand the excavated archaeological sites of Ambaran. The commencement of archaeology in Jammu and Kashmir acquainted the world with its rich heritage and culture of the region. Jammu and Kashmir was a cradle of culture in ancient period because it is the land where Kalhana wrote the first historical book of India, R?jatara?gini. The exploration of Jammu and Kashmir was started by foreigners in the 19th century. They brought to light many monumental heritage sites that have since attracted the world towards Jammu and Kashmir. From the 20th century onwards, the Archaeological Survey of India became active in the region and explored and excavated many sites of different cultures. The excavation of Ambaran started in 1999.
{"title":"THE BUDDHIST ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF AMBARAN IN A HISTORICAL RETROSPECT","authors":"A. Singh","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to understand the excavated archaeological sites of Ambaran. The commencement of archaeology in Jammu and Kashmir acquainted the world with its rich heritage and culture of the region. Jammu and Kashmir was a cradle of culture in ancient period because it is the land where Kalhana wrote the first historical book of India, R?jatara?gini. The exploration of Jammu and Kashmir was started by foreigners in the 19th century. They brought to light many monumental heritage sites that have since attracted the world towards Jammu and Kashmir. From the 20th century onwards, the Archaeological Survey of India became active in the region and explored and excavated many sites of different cultures. The excavation of Ambaran started in 1999.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128724444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.09
Myneni Krishna Kumari
Hanuman is well known throughout India and beyond its frontiers as the saviour of the distressed, as the epitome of the great strength, courage and as a loyal, faithful, and a staunch devotee of Ra?ma and as the hero of the epic, Ra?ma?ya?a. He is represented in the literature and visual arts as a great leader of the monkey army who helped Ra?ma on different occasions such as in the search for Si?ta who was abducted by the demon-king Ra?va?a deceitfully from Pañchavat?i in the absence of Ra?ma and his brother; in the battle against Ra?va?a and in bringing back Lakshman? a to consciousness when he swooned in the battle-field, by bringing the medicinal herbs from Dro??a?dri mountains etc., Because of the multifarious activities performed by Hanuma?n that helped Ra?ma, very soon he became not only the favourite hero of the public but also an individual god of great importance for whom several temples or shrines were built all over India. In South India particularly during the medieval times, he became the central hero of vernacular literature, especially folk stories, and he is well represented in the temple sculptures. Although Va?lmi?ki’sRa?ma?ya?a was popular in its usage we find its translations in different South Indian languages with some additions and omissions. Owing to the interpolations in Va?lmi?ki’s work and the composition of Ra?ma?ya?a in different vernaculars, prince Ra?ma, son of Da?aratha came to be interpreted as an incarnation of the god Vishn? u and accordingly we find the portrayal of the human-like figure of Ra?ma holding a bow and an arrow in his two hands along with the other incarnation forms of Vish?u in temple sculptures. On the other hand, Hanuma?n is shown mostly as acknowledging the divine power of Ra?ma or in the act of performing the heroic exploits as the leader of the va?naras. It is proposed to discuss the portrayal of Hanuma?n in art, especially his encounter with the demon Ka?lane?mi.
哈努曼在印度和国外都是众所周知的，他是苦难的救世主，是伟大力量和勇气的缩影，是一个忠诚、忠实和坚定的罗?而作为史诗中的英雄，拉马尼亚。在文学和视觉艺术中，他被描述为帮助拉?马在不同的场合，如在寻找Si?那个被恶魔之王拉瓦绑架的人?a欺骗性地来自Pañchavat?在拉不在的情况下?马和他的兄弟;在与拉瓦的战斗中?a把拉克什曼带回来?当他在战场上昏倒时，他从德鲁亚带回了草药，恢复了知觉。dri山脉等，因为哈马表演的各种活动?这对拉?很快，他不仅成为公众喜爱的英雄，而且成为一个非常重要的神，印度各地都为他建造了许多寺庙或神社。在南印度，特别是在中世纪时期，他成为了当地文学，特别是民间故事的中心英雄，他在寺庙雕塑中有很好的代表。尽管Va lmi ? ki 'sRa马?怎么了?a在使用中很流行，我们发现它在不同的南印度语言中有一些增加和遗漏的翻译。由于在Va?lmi?ki的作品和《Ra?ma?ya?》a换种说法，拉王子?妈，爸爸的儿子?阿拉莎被解读为毗湿神的化身?u，因此我们发现了Ra?他的两只手拿着弓和箭和其他化身形式的维什?在寺庙雕塑中。另一方面，哈玛玛?n主要表现为承认Ra的神圣力量。作为va?naras的领袖，在执行英雄壮举的过程中。有人提议讨论哈玛玛的形象?在艺术上，尤其是他与恶魔卡莲米的相遇。
{"title":"TALE OF HANUMA?N’S ENCOUNTER WITH KA?LANE?MI: GLEANINGS THROUGH LITERATURE AND ART","authors":"Myneni Krishna Kumari","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Hanuman is well known throughout India and beyond its frontiers as the saviour of the distressed, as the epitome of the great strength, courage and as a loyal, faithful, and a staunch devotee of Ra?ma and as the hero of the epic, Ra?ma?ya?a. He is represented in the literature and visual arts as a great leader of the monkey army who helped Ra?ma on different occasions such as in the search for Si?ta who was abducted by the demon-king Ra?va?a deceitfully from Pañchavat?i in the absence of Ra?ma and his brother; in the battle against Ra?va?a and in bringing back Lakshman? a to consciousness when he swooned in the battle-field, by bringing the medicinal herbs from Dro??a?dri mountains etc., Because of the multifarious activities performed by Hanuma?n that helped Ra?ma, very soon he became not only the favourite hero of the public but also an individual god of great importance for whom several temples or shrines were built all over India. In South India particularly during the medieval times, he became the central hero of vernacular literature, especially folk stories, and he is well represented in the temple sculptures. Although Va?lmi?ki’sRa?ma?ya?a was popular in its usage we find its translations in different South Indian languages with some additions and omissions. Owing to the interpolations in Va?lmi?ki’s work and the composition of Ra?ma?ya?a in different vernaculars, prince Ra?ma, son of Da?aratha came to be interpreted as an incarnation of the god Vishn? u and accordingly we find the portrayal of the human-like figure of Ra?ma holding a bow and an arrow in his two hands along with the other incarnation forms of Vish?u in temple sculptures. On the other hand, Hanuma?n is shown mostly as acknowledging the divine power of Ra?ma or in the act of performing the heroic exploits as the leader of the va?naras. It is proposed to discuss the portrayal of Hanuma?n in art, especially his encounter with the demon Ka?lane?mi.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121144672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.02
P. Venkatasubbaiah
The present paper is about an overview of Protohistoric cultural phases in the present Telangana state in southern India portraying the settled way of life of early human population practicing agriculture and animal husbandry along with ceramic production.We find permanent settlemens in the form of villages and subsequent development into Iron Age Megalithic culture. Beginning of permanent settlements during Neolithic period was, in a broad socio-cultural point of view, spread across three micro-regions, i.e., the Godavari valley comprising the districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Medak, Nalgonda, Hyderabad and Khammam; the Tungabhadra valley of Gadwal taluk and Krishna valley in the Alampur and Kalvakurthi taluks of Mahabubnagar districts respectively. However, the sites located in the first micro-region did not show the evidence of ash mound tradition, denoting the middle stage of southern Neolithic culture(e.g., Polakonda C14 1405+-124 BCE or calibration of 1700-1415 BCE),whereas the second micro-region is characterized by the presence of ashmounds,e.g., Utnur,Manchanpalli, Ieeja and Talmari-Kutukunuru,belonged to the early stage of southern Neolithic culture of the period between 2920-2535 BCE(Utnur 2295 +-155, 2555+-113 and 2040+-113 BCE:Allchin 1961), whereas, the sites in the third micro-region located in the Krishna valley belonged to the Neolithic-Chalcolithic stage of both middle and later stages of southern Neolithic culture, and the overall picture of Neolithic culture can be broadly identified as early Neolithic, Neolithic (with stages I to IV) and Neolithic-Chalcolithic culture followed by Iron Age Megalithic culture broadly classified into habitation sites, habitation-cum-burial sites and burial sites based on their location alongside the drainage system of Godavari river 115 (of 6, 15 and 94 respectively), in the Krishna drainage system 396 (of 15, 111 and 270 respectively), etc. The habitations are found away from hills but invariably close to water sources, whereas, the habitation-cum-burial sites can be distinguished as a separate variety. However, those found close to water sources and the cemeteries are connected to habitations lying either at the foot-hill region or on the terrace of low-lying hill or hillocks with numerous large sized burials.
{"title":"PROTOHISTORIC CULTURAL PHASES IN TELANGANA STATE: AN OVERVIEW","authors":"P. Venkatasubbaiah","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is about an overview of Protohistoric cultural phases in the present Telangana state in southern India portraying the settled way of life of early human population practicing agriculture and animal husbandry along with ceramic production.We find permanent settlemens in the form of villages and subsequent development into Iron Age Megalithic culture. Beginning of permanent settlements during Neolithic period was, in a broad socio-cultural point of view, spread across three micro-regions, i.e., the Godavari valley comprising the districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Medak, Nalgonda, Hyderabad and Khammam; the Tungabhadra valley of Gadwal taluk and Krishna valley in the Alampur and Kalvakurthi taluks of Mahabubnagar districts respectively. However, the sites located in the first micro-region did not show the evidence of ash mound tradition, denoting the middle stage of southern Neolithic culture(e.g., Polakonda C14 1405+-124 BCE or calibration of 1700-1415 BCE),whereas the second micro-region is characterized by the presence of ashmounds,e.g., Utnur,Manchanpalli, Ieeja and Talmari-Kutukunuru,belonged to the early stage of southern Neolithic culture of the period between 2920-2535 BCE(Utnur 2295 +-155, 2555+-113 and 2040+-113 BCE:Allchin 1961), whereas, the sites in the third micro-region located in the Krishna valley belonged to the Neolithic-Chalcolithic stage of both middle and later stages of southern Neolithic culture, and the overall picture of Neolithic culture can be broadly identified as early Neolithic, Neolithic (with stages I to IV) and Neolithic-Chalcolithic culture followed by Iron Age Megalithic culture broadly classified into habitation sites, habitation-cum-burial sites and burial sites based on their location alongside the drainage system of Godavari river 115 (of 6, 15 and 94 respectively), in the Krishna drainage system 396 (of 15, 111 and 270 respectively), etc. The habitations are found away from hills but invariably close to water sources, whereas, the habitation-cum-burial sites can be distinguished as a separate variety. However, those found close to water sources and the cemeteries are connected to habitations lying either at the foot-hill region or on the terrace of low-lying hill or hillocks with numerous large sized burials.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128428687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.06
Sumudu Dharmarathna
There has been a great deal of historical writing on the subject of India - Sri Lanka cultural relations, two countries which had close contact since prehistoric time, due to their geographical proximity. However, the Buddhist connection is the major preoccupation of the early historiography of Sri Lanka as far as Indian culture is concerned. However, the traditional literary sources amplified selected themes for certain objective reasons according to their wish. Sri Lankan Chronicles were silent about non-Therav?da Buddhist traditions because the main thrust of these Chronicles is to establish the purity and authenticity of the Therav?da point of view. The main objective of the article is to evaluate the way that the Sri Lankan were able to keep close contact of developments, in Indian Buddhist thought Therav?da as well as non-Therav?da through regular contact with Buddhist monastic centers throughout India. Cchronologically this study forces on the period from the sixth and twelfth centuries which was marked by significant changes of Buddhist culture with the new form of Buddhist traditions. This research study attempt has been made to explore India – Sri Lanka cultural relations, reevaluating previous research on the subject, while utilizing ancient historical writings, various interpretations of the recent archaeological findings and inscriptional details.
{"title":"INDIA – SRI LANKA BUDDHIST CULTURAL RELATIONS (SIXTH CENTURY CE TO THE TWELFTH CENTURY CE)","authors":"Sumudu Dharmarathna","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.06","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a great deal of historical writing on the subject of India - Sri Lanka cultural relations, two countries which had close contact since prehistoric time, due to their geographical proximity. However, the Buddhist connection is the major preoccupation of the early historiography of Sri Lanka as far as Indian culture is concerned. However, the traditional literary sources amplified selected themes for certain objective reasons according to their wish. Sri Lankan Chronicles were silent about non-Therav?da Buddhist traditions because the main thrust of these Chronicles is to establish the purity and authenticity of the Therav?da point of view. The main objective of the article is to evaluate the way that the Sri Lankan were able to keep close contact of developments, in Indian Buddhist thought Therav?da as well as non-Therav?da through regular contact with Buddhist monastic centers throughout India. Cchronologically this study forces on the period from the sixth and twelfth centuries which was marked by significant changes of Buddhist culture with the new form of Buddhist traditions. This research study attempt has been made to explore India – Sri Lanka cultural relations, reevaluating previous research on the subject, while utilizing ancient historical writings, various interpretations of the recent archaeological findings and inscriptional details.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.03
D. Rani
The present paper deals with the hero-stones of Vaidumba chiefs in the Rayalaseema region. The hero-stones of South India datable to the third century CE are found in N?g?rjunak?nda in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, in which names of the warriors are mentioned and are carved elaborately. In Rayalaseema three hundred and forty six hero-stones are found. Of these eighty four belong to Vaidumba chiefs. In Kadapa District alone fifty seven are found. Twenty five hero-stones are in Chittoor District and the remaining two in Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh. More than five hero-stones with inscriptions, in characters of ninth-eleventh century CE in archaic Telugu are found, at Vand?di in Rayachoti Taluk of Kadapa district. Vaidumba chiefs were one of the important feudatory dynasties of the Western Ch?lukyas. They ruled from the eighth to fourteenth century CE Their original habitat was Vaidumbavr?lu in Chittoor District. When the Vaidumb?s became the masters of R?n?du-7000, the capital was shifted to Chippili in Madanapalli taluk of Chittoor District and then to Pottapi in Kadapa District.
{"title":"HERO-STONES IN RAYALASEEMA - A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VAIDUMBA CHIEFS","authors":"D. Rani","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with the hero-stones of Vaidumba chiefs in the Rayalaseema region. The hero-stones of South India datable to the third century CE are found in N?g?rjunak?nda in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, in which names of the warriors are mentioned and are carved elaborately. In Rayalaseema three hundred and forty six hero-stones are found. Of these eighty four belong to Vaidumba chiefs. In Kadapa District alone fifty seven are found. Twenty five hero-stones are in Chittoor District and the remaining two in Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh. More than five hero-stones with inscriptions, in characters of ninth-eleventh century CE in archaic Telugu are found, at Vand?di in Rayachoti Taluk of Kadapa district. Vaidumba chiefs were one of the important feudatory dynasties of the Western Ch?lukyas. They ruled from the eighth to fourteenth century CE Their original habitat was Vaidumbavr?lu in Chittoor District. When the Vaidumb?s became the masters of R?n?du-7000, the capital was shifted to Chippili in Madanapalli taluk of Chittoor District and then to Pottapi in Kadapa District.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"9 45","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114044270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.01
S. Nanayakkara, M. Gunarathne
There is an abundance of archaeological and historical evidence from widely disparate localities of the world which indicate that ‘Trephination’/’Trepanning’? the removal of a circular portion of the human skull in order to gain access to intracranial maladies that are deemed to require curative treatment – has continued to be practiced down the ages from as far back as 5000 BCE, when flint instruments were used for the required excavation right down to modern neurosurgery. The trepanned skulls unearthed at various archaeological excavations from about the early 19th century, placed under systematic laboratory investigation in recent times, have generated a body of information, an overwhelmingly large proportion of which is ‘case-specific’. The present study, adopting as it does a comparative perspective, and focused exclusively on the cranial drilling component of brain surgery, presents a synthesis of finding from such investigations, selected to provide a spatially and temporally representative range of the practice of trephination. Among the insights provided in this study are that: (a) trephinations in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic times were often produced not by cross-cultural transfers of know-how, but were indigenous practices of trial and error, probably ritualistic in origin; (b) as indicated in laboratory findings on crania of pre-historic times, the analyses of calcification along the trepanned edges indicate that post-surgery survival of recipient patients was not entirely non-existent; and (c) in South Asia where the emphasis of traditional systems of curative treatment was on medication, surgery, even on the most delicate parts of the human anatomy, was not excluded.
{"title":"NEW INSIGHTS ON THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE OF TREPHINATION THROUGHOUT HUMAN HISTORY","authors":"S. Nanayakkara, M. Gunarathne","doi":"10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.01","url":null,"abstract":"There is an abundance of archaeological and historical evidence from widely disparate localities of the world which indicate that ‘Trephination’/’Trepanning’? the removal of a circular portion of the human skull in order to gain access to intracranial maladies that are deemed to require curative treatment – has continued to be practiced down the ages from as far back as 5000 BCE, when flint instruments were used for the required excavation right down to modern neurosurgery. The trepanned skulls unearthed at various archaeological excavations from about the early 19th century, placed under systematic laboratory investigation in recent times, have generated a body of information, an overwhelmingly large proportion of which is ‘case-specific’. The present study, adopting as it does a comparative perspective, and focused exclusively on the cranial drilling component of brain surgery, presents a synthesis of finding from such investigations, selected to provide a spatially and temporally representative range of the practice of trephination. Among the insights provided in this study are that: (a) trephinations in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic times were often produced not by cross-cultural transfers of know-how, but were indigenous practices of trial and error, probably ritualistic in origin; (b) as indicated in laboratory findings on crania of pre-historic times, the analyses of calcification along the trepanned edges indicate that post-surgery survival of recipient patients was not entirely non-existent; and (c) in South Asia where the emphasis of traditional systems of curative treatment was on medication, surgery, even on the most delicate parts of the human anatomy, was not excluded.","PeriodicalId":101739,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127349462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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