Climacteric最新文献

Objective: COVID-19 vaccination has been related to menstrual irregularities; however, the effect on postmenopausal women is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) after COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology in Hospital del Mar. Consecutive postmenopausal women with data available and endometrial biopsy were included between February 2021 and January 2022. Patients were stratified between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. PMB after 30 days from last vaccine dose was considered unrelated to vaccine. Endometrial pathology diagnoses were stratified into benign or malignant. Univariable and multivariable of regression analysis on variables potentially associated with PMB was performed.

Results: A total of 381 patients were included, 91 in the vaccinated group and 290 in the unvaccinated group. Prevalence of PMB in the vaccinated group was 75.8% compared to 59.0% in the unvaccinated group (p < 0.005). No increase in endometrial malignant pathology was observed among the vaccinated group (p = 0.189). Multivariable analysis that correlates factors associated with PMB suggests COVID-19 vaccine and malignant endometrial biopsy as independent risk variables.

Conclusions: A higher prevalence of PMB was associated with COVID-19 vaccine. Endometrial histological results showed no association with COVID-19 vaccination, but endometrial biopsy should be performed for PMB.

Objective: The phase II STARLIGHT study was conducted to investigate the efficacy/safety of fezolinetant in Japanese women and identify the optimal dose for future evaluation.

Method: Participants were perimenopausal/postmenopausal women aged ≥40 to ≤65 years from 36 centers in Japan seeking treatment/relief for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause. After screening, participants were randomized 1:1:1, stratified by menopausal status, to receive fezolinetant 15 or 30 mg or placebo orally once daily for 12 weeks. Participants completed a daily VMS diary. The primary endpoint was mean change in frequency of VMS of any severity from baseline to week 8. Secondary endpoints included mean change in VMS frequency from baseline each week up to week 12 and frequency/severity of adverse events.

Results: A total of 147 participants were randomized (placebo, n = 47; fezolinetant 15 mg, n = 53; fezolinetant 30 mg, n = 47). Fezolinetant 15 and 30 mg demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mean VMS frequency at week 8 versus placebo. Least-squares mean estimates of mean change in frequency of VMS from baseline to week 8 were -7.04 for fezolinetant 15mg, -6.31 for fezolinetant 30mg, and -4.55 for placebo. The difference in least-squares mean estimates was -2.50 (95% CI: -4.03, -0.96), p = 0.002 for fezolinetant 15mg and placebo, and was -1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.35, -0.17), p = 0.030 for fezolinetant 30mg and placebo. Reductions from baseline in mean VMS frequency versus placebo were seen after week 1 of treatment, maintained throughout 12 weeks. Fezolinetant was well tolerated, with no safety signals of concern for either dose to week 12.

Conclusion: Oral fezolinetant at once-daily doses of 15 or 30 mg was efficacious and well tolerated for treatment of mild, moderate and severe VMS associated with menopause in this Japanese study.

The increasing prevalence of obesity imposes significant health challenges, particularly in women undergoing menopause. Effective obesity management is essential to mitigate associated comorbidities and improve quality of life. The pillars of obesity treatment encompass lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions. Pharmacotherapy may be considered for women who do not achieve adequate weight loss through lifestyle changes alone and have obesity or overweight with risk factors. Bariatric surgery is reserved for individuals with severe obesity or those with obesity-related complications. During menopause, hormonal changes contribute to weight gain and fat redistribution, complicating obesity management. Tailored treatment strategies are necessary to address the unique challenges faced by this population. The role of physicians and gynecologists is pivotal in the multidisciplinary approach to obesity management during menopause. Gynecologists are often the primary health-care providers for menopausal women and are in a unique position to offer guidance on weight management. They can provide personalized counseling, coordinate with nutritionists, endocrinologists and bariatric specialists, and monitor the effects of obesity and its treatment on reproductive health. By integrating obesity management into routine gynecological care, gynecologists can significantly impact the overall health and well-being of menopausal women.

Breast cancer survivorship is increasing, due to earlier diagnosis of the disease and more effective therapies. Long-term endocrine sequelae, including early menopause, bone health, fertility implications and menopausal symptoms, are important survivorship issues. Ovarian failure is common with chemotherapy and options for preserving fertility in young women include ovarian suppression during chemotherapy and oocyte or embryo cryopreservation before chemotherapy. Tamoxifen as adjunct therapy in premenopausal women leads to ovarian stimulation, sometimes ovulation and occasionally pregnancy with important teratogenic implications. Aromatase inhibitor therapy with or without gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leads to profound bone loss and anti-resorptive therapy is advised to prevent fracture. Tamoxifen acts to preserve bone in postmenopausal women but not premenopausal women. Pregnancy is not discouraged in young women with early breast cancer, even to the point of pausing adjunct therapy in order to conceive. However, menopausal hormone therapy is discouraged even years later. Non-hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors is available but, in some cases, estrogen-containing therapy may be worthy of consideration for quality of life in the informed patient.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the anti-apoptotic effects of curculigoside (CUR) on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF).

Method: Intraperitoneal injection of CTX (100 mg/kg body weight) induced POF in mice. Thirty-six female mice were divided into six groups: blank group; POF model group; low-dose CUR group; medium-dose CUR group; high-dose CUR group; and estradiol benzoate group. Mice were orally administered for 28 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the completion of treatment, mice were weighed and euthanized, and blood was collected from the eyeball under anesthesia. The ovaries were surgically separated and weighed, and the ovarian index was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe follicular development and corpus luteum morphology in the ovaries. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ovarian tissue were determined. The GC apoptosis level was measured. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3, P62, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR in the ovaries.

Results: The results showed that CUR can improve body weight and ovarian index; promote follicular development and reduce follicular atresia; improve FSH, AMH and E2 levels; downregulate MDA levels and restore antioxidant enzyme activity; inhibit the autophagy level; activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; and alleviate GC apoptosis.

Conclusion: CUR improves POF by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting autophagy and alleviating GC apoptosis.

Objective: This study aimed to document the prevalence and severity of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and sexual symptoms among refugee women in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included refugee women, aged 18-63 years, recruited from community centers and social media between February and July 2023. The Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire measured VMS and sexual symptoms. The scores were compared between different menopausal states.

Results: Of 333 participants, 62.8% were premenopausal, 8.0% perimenopausal and 29.2% postmenopausal, with a median age of 40 years (range 18-63 years). Moderate-severe VMS was most prevalent amongst perimenopausal (20.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9-41.4%) versus postmenopausal (9.5%; 95% CI: 5.0-17.3%) and premenopausal (0%) women. Moderate-severe sexual symptoms affected 15.8% (95% CI: 5.2-39.3%) of perimenopausal and 16.9% (95% CI: 10.4-26.1%) of postmenopausal women versus 1.4% (95% CI: 0.3-5.3%) of premenopausal women. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women had higher VMS and sexual symptom scores than premenopausal women (both p < 0.0001); the scores were also higher in perimenopausal women than postmenopausal women (p = 0.016 and p = 0.013, respectively).

Conclusion: While perimenopausal and postmenopausal VMS and sexual symptoms are not uncommon amongst refugee women, these symptoms were less prevalent in postmenopausal refugees than in the non-refugee population. Further research is warranted to confirm and expand on these findings.