Conventional palm and groundnut cooking oils have been photolysed using a medium UV photochemical lamp. Room temperature photolysis of crude palm oil led principally to decarboxylation of the residual free fatty acid. H 2 O - treated palm oil, however, produced mainly additional fatty acid on photolysis. Decarboxylation of untreated palm oil achieved a 95% reduction in baseline free fatty acid value within the first 10 minutes. This was followed by a gradual and linear drop in the acid value below the baseline value. Decarboxylation was also the major reaction in the acetone-sensitised crude palm oil photolysis. The decarboxylation rate was, however, slightly lower than the unsensitised reaction. In the case of groundnut oil, unsensitised and acetone-sensitised system showed similar behaviour within the first 10 minutes. For the unsensitised system, a substantial rise in acid value above baseline value was followed by decarboxylation to an acid value well below baseline in 60 minutes. For the sensitized system, the acid value remained constant at about 59% above baseline value in the 10 to 30 minutes reaction interval. Beyond 30 minutes, it rose by as much as 155% above baseline. The rise then slowed down somewhat after 45 minutes of reaction. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 7 2002: 8-13
{"title":"Decarboxylation of palm and groundnut oils in medium UV irradiation","authors":"K. Ekpenyong, N. Anyanwu, S. Sanusi","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V7I1.35562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V7I1.35562","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional palm and groundnut cooking oils have been photolysed using a medium UV photochemical lamp. Room temperature photolysis of crude palm oil led principally to decarboxylation of the residual free fatty acid. H 2 O - treated palm oil, however, produced mainly additional fatty acid on photolysis. Decarboxylation of untreated palm oil achieved a 95% reduction in baseline free fatty acid value within the first 10 minutes. This was followed by a gradual and linear drop in the acid value below the baseline value. Decarboxylation was also the major reaction in the acetone-sensitised crude palm oil photolysis. The decarboxylation rate was, however, slightly lower than the unsensitised reaction. In the case of groundnut oil, unsensitised and acetone-sensitised system showed similar behaviour within the first 10 minutes. For the unsensitised system, a substantial rise in acid value above baseline value was followed by decarboxylation to an acid value well below baseline in 60 minutes. For the sensitized system, the acid value remained constant at about 59% above baseline value in the 10 to 30 minutes reaction interval. Beyond 30 minutes, it rose by as much as 155% above baseline. The rise then slowed down somewhat after 45 minutes of reaction. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 7 2002: 8-13","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decomposition of elephant grass (Panicum maxima) lignocellulose was carried out with Pd and Ni/Pt-doped alumina as catalysts; chromic oxide was also used in some cases. For systems that contained no chromic oxide, formation of gaseous and volatile liquid products was highest for Ni/Pt, intermediate for Pd/λ- and least for Pd/λ-alumina. Non-volatile (tar) liquid product formation, on the other hand, was highest for Pd/λ-, intermediate for Pd/λ- and least for Ni/Pt-alumina. In these systems, product formation in detectable and measurable amounts was first observed at 140oC. For systems that contained chromic oxide, product formation was first observed at 60oC. The order of reactivity of the catalysts was Ni/Pt- > Pd/λ- > Pd/λ- alumina for the gaseous and Pd/λ- > Pd/λ- > Ni/Pt-alumina for the volatile liquid products in the range of 100 140oC. For the non-volatile (tar) liquid products, the order was Pd/λ- > Pd/λ- > Ni/Pt-alumina in the range of 60 - 80oC and Pd/λ- > Ni/Pt- > Pd/λ- alumina at 100 120oC. Generally, gaseous and volatile liquid products increased with increase in temperature. Also, all the three product types were formed in significantly higher concentrations in systems without chromic oxide than those with it. Mass spectral analysis of the tar product of two Ni/Pt-alumina samples run at 180oC and 200oC without chromic oxide gave several products amongwhich 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methoxycinnamic acid, and ethanone- 1(4hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) were identified. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 7 2002: 14-24
{"title":"Lignin derivatives formation in catalysed thermal decomposition of elephant grass lignocellulose","authors":"K. Ekpenyong, Ea Clement, O. Olatunde, N. Obi","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V7I1.35563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V7I1.35563","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition of elephant grass (Panicum maxima) lignocellulose was carried out with Pd and Ni/Pt-doped alumina as catalysts; chromic oxide was also used in some cases. For systems that contained no chromic oxide, formation of gaseous and volatile liquid products was highest for Ni/Pt, intermediate for Pd/λ- and least for Pd/λ-alumina. Non-volatile (tar) liquid product formation, on the other hand, was highest for Pd/λ-, intermediate for Pd/λ- and least for Ni/Pt-alumina. In these systems, product formation in detectable and measurable amounts was first observed at 140oC. For systems that contained chromic oxide, product formation was first observed at 60oC. The order of reactivity of the catalysts was Ni/Pt- > Pd/λ- > Pd/λ- alumina for the gaseous and Pd/λ- > Pd/λ- > Ni/Pt-alumina for the volatile liquid products in the range of 100 140oC. For the non-volatile (tar) liquid products, the order was Pd/λ- > Pd/λ- > Ni/Pt-alumina in the range of 60 - 80oC and Pd/λ- > Ni/Pt- > Pd/λ- alumina at 100 120oC. Generally, gaseous and volatile liquid products increased with increase in temperature. Also, all the three product types were formed in significantly higher concentrations in systems without chromic oxide than those with it. Mass spectral analysis of the tar product of two Ni/Pt-alumina samples run at 180oC and 200oC without chromic oxide gave several products amongwhich 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methoxycinnamic acid, and ethanone- 1(4hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) were identified. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 7 2002: 14-24","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116449063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of the bulbs of Crinum jagus (Thomps.) gave, in addition to lycorine and hamayne, tetrahydro – 1,4- oxazine (morpholine) as its hydrochloride, calcium oxalate and calcium tartarate. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 7 2002: 25-28
{"title":"Chemical and anticonvulsant screening of crinum jagus","authors":"M. Edema, F. Okieimen","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V7I1.35564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V7I1.35564","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the bulbs of Crinum jagus (Thomps.) gave, in addition to lycorine and hamayne, tetrahydro – 1,4- oxazine (morpholine) as its hydrochloride, calcium oxalate and calcium tartarate. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research Vol. 7 2002: 25-28","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128062383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity screening of the crude extracts from the aerial parts of Tapinanthus globiferus Linn","authors":"I. Ndukwe, J. Amupitan, Oe Ashonibare","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124392510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Removal of cadmium and zinc from water by water lettuce ( Pistia )","authors":"S. Mamman, O. Salawu","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114497622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical analysis analysis and antimicrobial effects of petroleum spirit et-tract of Anogeissus Leocarpus","authors":"J. Adigun, Kelly","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114471330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid by some azo dyes","authors":"E. Ebenso","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125478675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinetics of in situ epoxidation of Jatropha seed oil using peroxyacetic acid","authors":"F. Okieimen, C. Okieimen","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115445091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ab initio evaluation of the α, β, κ, ω parameters of the semi emperical theories II: spin-polarized version","authors":"A. Uzairu, G. Harrison","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123531837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geochemistry and origin of metasediments from the Kazaure Schist belt in the precambrian basement of NW Nigeria","authors":"U. Danbatta","doi":"10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJCR.V6I1.35558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102130,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122755587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：