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Analyzing social media to characterize local HIV at-risk populations 分析社交媒体以确定当地艾滋病毒高危人群的特征
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811923
Narendran Thangarajan, Nella Green, Amarnath Gupta, S. Little, Nadir Weibel
The number of new HIV infections per year in the U.S. has remained stable at 50,000 since the 1990's. To improve epidemic control, we need more public health tools that are aimed at decreasing HIV transmission. Online social networks and their real-time communication capabilities are emerging as novel platforms for conducting epidemiological studies and recent research has outlined the feasibility of using Twitter to study HIV epidemiology. We propose a new method for identifying HIV at-risk populations using publicly available data from Twitter as an indicator of HIV risk. In this paper we take existing approaches further by introducing a new infrastructure to collect, classify, query and visualize these data, and we show the feasibility of identifying and characterizing HIV at-risk populations in the San Diego area at a finer level of granularity.
自20世纪90年代以来,美国每年新感染艾滋病毒的人数一直稳定在5万人。为了改善流行病控制,我们需要更多旨在减少艾滋病毒传播的公共卫生工具。在线社交网络及其实时通信能力正在成为开展流行病学研究的新平台,最近的研究概述了利用Twitter研究艾滋病毒流行病学的可行性。我们提出了一种利用Twitter公开数据作为艾滋病毒风险指标来识别艾滋病毒高危人群的新方法。在本文中,我们通过引入一种新的基础设施来收集、分类、查询和可视化这些数据,进一步采用现有的方法,我们展示了在更细的粒度水平上识别和描述圣地亚哥地区艾滋病毒高危人群的可行性。
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引用次数: 11
Wireless networks, physician handhelds use, and medical devices in U.S. hospitals 无线网络,医生手持设备的使用,以及美国医院的医疗设备
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811956
R. Uy, F. Kury, P. Fontelo
As wireless technologies such as smartphones, tablets, and other handheld devices continue to permeate into every aspect of everyday life, hospitals have attempted to integrate them into the clinical workflow. Similarly, wireless sensor devices are being used in healthcare institutions that have the infrastructure to support the technology. In this paper, we describe the current state and recent trends of hospital wireless networks, physician use of mobile devices, and medical device technology that interfaces with electronic medical records.
随着智能手机、平板电脑和其他手持设备等无线技术不断渗透到日常生活的方方面面,医院试图将它们整合到临床工作流程中。同样,拥有支持该技术的基础设施的医疗机构也在使用无线传感器设备。在本文中,我们描述了医院无线网络的现状和最新趋势,医生对移动设备的使用,以及与电子病历接口的医疗设备技术。
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引用次数: 0
Wearable computing for image-based indoor navigation of the visually impaired 用于视障人士基于图像的室内导航的可穿戴计算
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811959
Gladys Garcia, A. Nahapetian
In this paper, an image-based non-obtrusive indoor navigation system for the visually impaired is presented. The system makes use of image processing algorithms to extract floor regions from images captured from a wearable eye-mounted heads-up display device. A prototype system called VirtualEyes is presented, where floor regions are analyzed to provide the user with voiced guidance for navigation. The floor detection algorithm was tested against over 200 images captured from indoor corridors of various lighting conditions and achieved up to 81.8% accuracy.
本文提出了一种基于图像的视觉障碍者室内无干扰导航系统。该系统利用图像处理算法从可穿戴式眼戴式抬头显示设备捕获的图像中提取地板区域。提出了一个名为VirtualEyes的原型系统,该系统可以分析地板区域,为用户提供语音导航。地板检测算法针对从不同照明条件下的室内走廊捕获的200多幅图像进行了测试,准确率高达81.8%。
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引用次数: 18
EchoWear: smartwatch technology for voice and speech treatments of patients with Parkinson's disease echowar:用于帕金森病患者语音和语言治疗的智能手表技术
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811957
Harishchandra Dubey, J. C. Goldberg, M. Abtahi, L. Mahler, K. Mankodiya
About 90 percent of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience decreased functional communication due to the presence of voice and speech disorders associated with dysarthria that can be characterized by monotony of pitch (or fundamental frequency), reduced loudness, irregular rate of speech, imprecise consonants, and changes in voice quality. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) work with patients with PD to improve speech intelligibility using various intensive in-clinic speech treatments. SLPs also prescribe home exercises to enhance generalization of speech strategies outside of the treatment room. Even though speech therapies are found to be highly effective in improving vocal loudness and speech quality, patients with PD find it difficult to follow the prescribed exercise regimes outside the clinic and to continue exercises once the treatment is completed. SLPs need techniques to monitor compliance and accuracy of their patients' exercises at home and in ecologically valid communication situations. We have designed EchoWear, a smartwatch-based system, to remotely monitor speech and voice exercises as prescribed by SLPs. We conducted a study of 6 individuals; three with PD and three healthy controls. To assess the performance of EchoWear technology compared with high-quality audio equipment obtained in a speech laboratory. Our preliminary analysis shows promising outcomes for using EchoWear in speech therapies for people with PD.
大约90%的帕金森氏症(PD)患者由于存在与构音障碍相关的声音和语言障碍而导致功能性交流下降,其特征是音调单调(或基频)、响度降低、说话不规则、辅音不精确和语音质量变化。言语语言病理学家(slp)与PD患者一起工作,通过各种强化的临床言语治疗来提高言语清晰度。slp还规定了家庭练习,以增强治疗室以外的语言策略的泛化。尽管言语疗法被发现在改善声音响度和言语质量方面非常有效,但PD患者发现很难在诊所外遵循规定的锻炼方案,并且一旦治疗完成就很难继续锻炼。slp需要技术来监测患者在家中和在生态有效的沟通情况下练习的依从性和准确性。我们设计了一个基于智能手表的系统echowar,用于远程监控slp规定的语音和语音练习。我们对6个人进行了研究;三个PD患者和三个健康对照者将echowar技术与语音实验室获得的高质量音频设备进行比较,以评估其性能。我们的初步分析显示,在PD患者的语言治疗中使用echowar有很好的效果。
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引用次数: 67
A hybrid solution for monitoring conversational skills of children with special needs 监测有特殊需要的儿童对话技巧的混合解决方案
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811922
L. Tian, M. Chuah, E. Cappellini
Children/Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate communication skill deficits and often do not utilize appropriate turn-taking in conversations. Several intervention strategies have been designed to improve conversational skills, but assessing conversations and determining strategy effectiveness often prove to be complicated and time-consuming processes. In this paper, we present: (i) a lightweight smartphone-based conversational turn monitoring system which automatically measures turn-taking statistics of speakers involved in a conversation (thus significantly reducing the labor involved in determining intervention success); (ii) evaluations of the effectiveness of our proposed monitoring system using several collected conversational traces; (iii) a customizable Android application developed to teach students how to conduct conversations; and (iv) preliminary evaluations of the effectiveness of the Android application in improving the communication skills of adolescents with ASD/speech/language deficits using two unique communication skill rubrics designed by our speech therapist. Our preliminary evaluations show promising results of our proposed low-cost hybrid monitoring solution for tracking the conversational skills of students with communication skill deficits.
患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的儿童/青少年表现出沟通技巧的缺陷,在谈话中往往不能适当地轮流进行。已经设计了几种干预策略来提高会话技能,但评估会话和确定策略有效性往往被证明是复杂和耗时的过程。在本文中,我们提出:(i)一个轻量级的基于智能手机的会话回合监测系统,该系统自动测量参与对话的说话者的回合统计(从而显着减少确定干预成功所涉及的劳动);(ii)使用几个收集到的对话痕迹评估我们提议的监测系统的有效性;(iii)可定制的Android应用程序,用于教学生如何进行对话;(iv)使用我们的语言治疗师设计的两种独特的沟通技巧标准,初步评估Android应用程序在改善自闭症/言语/语言缺陷青少年沟通技巧方面的有效性。我们的初步评估显示,我们提出的低成本混合监测解决方案用于跟踪有沟通技能缺陷的学生的会话技能,结果很有希望。
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引用次数: 2
An intelligent crowd-worker selection approach for reliable content labeling of food images 一种用于食品图像可靠内容标注的智能众工选择方法
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811955
Mashfiqui Rabbi, J. Costa, F. Okeke, Max Schachere, Mi Zhang, Tanzeem Choudhury
Food journaling is an effective way to regulate excessive food intake. However manual food journaling is burdensome, and crowd-assisted food journaling has been explored to ease user burden. The crowd-assisted journaling uses a label & verify approach where an end-user uploads his/her food image and paid crowd-workers label content of the image. Then another set of crowd-workers verify the labels for correctness. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach where we label food images with only high performing labelers. Since high performing labelers generally provide good quality labels, our approach achieves high accuracy without verifying the food labels for correctness. We also propose a machine learning algorithm to automatically identify high performing crowd-labelers from a dataset of 3925 images collected over 5 months. Such automated identification of high performing workers and elimination of needless verification reduce cost of food labeling. Specially for large scale deployments where large number of images need to be labeled, our approach can reduce overall expenses by half.
食物日志是调节过量食物摄入的有效方法。然而,手工食物日志是一种负担,人们探索了人群辅助食物日志来减轻用户的负担。众筹辅助日志使用标签和验证方法,最终用户上传他/她的食物图像,付费的众筹工作者标记图像的内容。然后另一组工作人员验证标签的正确性。在本文中,我们提出了一种替代方法,其中我们仅使用高性能标签器标记食品图像。由于高性能标签机通常提供高质量的标签,我们的方法无需验证食品标签的正确性即可实现高精度。我们还提出了一种机器学习算法,从5个月收集的3925张图像数据集中自动识别高性能的人群标记器。这种高绩效工人的自动识别和消除不必要的验证降低了食品标签的成本。特别是对于需要标记大量映像的大规模部署,我们的方法可以将总费用减少一半。
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引用次数: 9
Designing a mobile application to support the indicated prevention and early intervention of childhood anxiety 设计一个移动应用程序来支持儿童焦虑的预防和早期干预
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811954
M. Patwardhan, R. Stoll, Derek B. Hamel, Ashish Amresh, K. Gary, A. Pina
This paper presents the design of an mHealth application for prevention and early intervention of childhood anxiety. The application is based on REACH, a preventative-early intervention protocol for childhood anxiety. This paper describes the multidisciplinary design process, sharing lessons learned in developing an effective mHealth application. This mHealth application is unique due to participant age, preventive-early intervention focus, and utilization of mobile technology in a situated manner. A design process inspired by user-centered leveraging key informant interviews was used to identify application features, including game based strategies and an animated motivational avatar. Validation was performed through external review and a usability study performed with target end users of the application. Results suggest overall satisfaction, ease of use, and increased motivation.
本文介绍了一种用于预防和早期干预儿童焦虑的移动健康应用程序的设计。该应用程序基于REACH,这是一项针对儿童焦虑的早期预防干预协议。本文描述了多学科设计过程,分享了开发有效移动健康应用程序的经验教训。由于参与者的年龄、预防早期干预的重点以及在特定的方式下使用移动技术,该移动健康应用程序是独一无二的。设计过程的灵感来自于以用户为中心,利用关键信息者访谈来确定应用程序的功能,包括基于游戏的策略和动画的激励头像。验证是通过外部审查和与应用程序的目标最终用户一起执行的可用性研究来执行的。结果表明总体满意度,易用性和积极性增加。
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引用次数: 28
Lessons learned from a yearlong deployment of customizable breast cancer tablet computers 从长达一年的可定制乳腺癌平板电脑部署中获得的经验教训
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811951
Maia L. Jacobs, James Clawson, Elizabeth D. Mynatt
Patient-centered technologies demonstrate great promise for users, however they often focus on solitary moments or singular tasks within a broader healthcare journey. We utilized a technology probe to investigate how patients managing long-term diseases use flexible health tools throughout their health journeys. Through a yearlong deployment, we provided 36 cancer patients with a suite of resources on customizable mobile tablets. The majority of our participants did engage with the technology throughout treatment and into survivorship. We analyzed participants' tablet adoption, usage patterns, and customization and describe how each of these influenced technology engagement and changes in use. Finally, we identified a set of lessons researchers can use to guide the design of future patient-centered technologies. Specifically, we discovered that customizable tools reveal insights into patients' goals and values, integrating health and non-health resources encourages participants to return to health resources when needed, and a need exists to expand our definition of health resources.
以患者为中心的技术为用户展示了巨大的希望,但它们往往专注于更广泛的医疗保健旅程中的单独时刻或单一任务。我们利用技术探针来调查管理长期疾病的患者如何在其健康旅程中使用灵活的健康工具。经过一年的部署,我们在可定制的移动平板电脑上为36名癌症患者提供了一套资源。我们的大多数参与者在整个治疗过程和生存期间都使用了这项技术。我们分析了参与者对平板电脑的采用、使用模式和定制,并描述了这些因素是如何影响技术参与和使用变化的。最后,我们确定了一组研究人员可以用来指导未来以患者为中心的技术设计的经验教训。具体而言,我们发现可定制的工具揭示了对患者目标和价值观的见解,整合健康和非健康资源鼓励参与者在需要时返回健康资源,并且需要扩展我们对健康资源的定义。
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引用次数: 9
Role model in human physical activity 人类身体活动的榜样
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811917
A. Turchaninova, Ashik Khatri, Ilyas Uyanik, Ioannis T. Pavlidis
Physical activity is an area of life in which social influence plays a major role. Observing the activity of a sedentary person may cause the observer to exercise less; observing a persistently active person can serve as a motivating factor. The goal of this research is to determine how to optimally pair individuals in order to facilitate motivational relationships with respect to physical activity. This research performs an observational study of data collected from a mobile health and fitness application, iBurnCalorie, which allows users to follow each other in addition to tracking physical activity. Through this social feature, this study examines the influence of users on each other's activity patterns. Our preliminary results indicate that some users have chosen effective role models without any intervention. If this natural effect can be replicated, such a novel interventional networking feature could have a significant impact within iBurnCalorie and all similar applications.
体育活动是社会影响起主要作用的生活领域。观察一个久坐不动的人的活动可能会导致观察者运动减少;观察一个持续积极的人可以作为一个激励因素。本研究的目的是确定如何最佳配对个体,以促进有关体育活动的动机关系。这项研究对从移动健康和健身应用程序iBurnCalorie收集的数据进行了观察性研究,该应用程序允许用户在跟踪身体活动的同时相互关注。通过这一社交特征,本研究考察了用户对彼此活动模式的影响。我们的初步结果表明,一些用户在没有任何干预的情况下选择了有效的角色榜样。如果这种自然效应可以被复制,这种新颖的介入网络功能可能会对iBurnCalorie和所有类似的应用程序产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 3
Videos influence behavior change measures for voice and speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease 视频影响帕金森氏症患者声音和语言的行为改变测量
Pub Date : 2015-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/2811780.2811932
Lisa M. Kopf, S. Graetzer, Jina Huh
The majority of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience voice and speech difficulties at some point over the course of the disease. Voice therapy has been found to help improve voice and speech in individuals with PD, but the majority of these individuals do not enroll in voice therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether watching short videos about voice symptoms and treatment in Parkinson's disease influences readiness to change, stages of change, and self-efficacy in individuals with PD. Eight individuals with PD participated in the study. Fifteen videos were chosen, three representing each of the five stages of change. We chose videos from YouTube that represented variety in speakers, content, and genre. We found that readiness to change significantly increased after watching videos, suggesting that watching videos helped these individuals move closer to actively improving their voice and speech. In addition, five of the eight participants showed forward movement in stages of change. Finally, self-efficacy demonstrated a positive trend following video watching. Overall, our results demonstrate that watching videos available on the internet can influence individuals with Parkinson's disease in changing vocal behavior. Implications for future wireless health applications are described.
大多数帕金森氏症(PD)患者在病程的某个阶段都会出现声音和语言障碍。语音治疗已被发现有助于改善PD患者的声音和语言,但大多数患者不参加语音治疗。本研究的目的是确定观看关于帕金森病声音症状和治疗的短视频是否会影响PD患者的改变准备程度、改变阶段和自我效能感。8名PD患者参与了这项研究。15个视频被选中,每三个代表五个变化阶段。我们从YouTube上选择的视频代表了演讲者、内容和流派的多样性。我们发现,观看视频后,改变的意愿显著增强,这表明观看视频有助于这些人更接近于积极改善自己的声音和语言。此外,8名参与者中有5名在变化阶段表现出了前进的趋势。最后,自我效能感在观看视频后呈现积极趋势。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,观看互联网上的视频可以影响帕金森病患者改变声音行为。描述了对未来无线健康应用的影响。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Proceedings of the conference on Wireless Health
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